With the use of the Interacting Boson Model (IBM-1), our objective is to investigate the possibility of describing the nuclear structure of erbium isotopes ranging from 156Er to 170Er. In order to study the nuclear structure of particular atomic nuclei, we considered three fundamental dynamic symmetries in the model. There is a significant alignment that exists between the calculated energy levels and the experimental data gathered for some erbium isotopes. In addition to this, we calculated and compared the theoretical calculations of the model with the probability of reduced electromagnetic transitions B(E2). The study's results show that the nucleus 156Er may have features of the U(5) dynamic symmetry, while the nuclei 158, 160, 170Er may be considered as SU(3) dynamic symmetry. The erbium isotopes 156 - 160Er represent an example of the U(5)–SU(3) shape phase transition and exhibit a transition of nuclear shapes from spherical to axially symmetric deformed forms.

This research introduces an innovative method of Artificial Intelligence (AI) for improving the detection and classification of kidney diseases using CT images. The proposed method includes image pre-processing to remove artifacts, noise, and other image quality issues that can affect the accuracy of diagnosis. Then the area of interest in each image is segmented using Fractional Darwinian particle swarm optimization. Different features including Local Binary Pattern, Hu Moments, and Gray level zone length matrix (GLZLM) are extracted and fused using Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) and reduced using Two Dimensional Principal Component Analysis (2D-PCA) to maintain only dominant features. A two-level classification approach is carried out to provide both fast and detailed diagnosis using both Binary Support Vector Machine (BSVM) and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) in sequence. BSVM is used to initially discriminate between normal and abnormal kidney states. Afterwards, the detected abnormal kidney images are classified using CNN to different kidney diseases such as stones, cysts, and tumors. This approach aims to expedite the diagnostic procedure while also enhancing the efficiency and accuracy of classifying kidney disease in the clinical practice. Obtained results validate the efficiency of our proposed in terms of achieved accuracy when compared to alternative cutting-edge methods.

Through the application of the geometrical collective model, a number of nuclei have been subjected to an exhaustive investigation. A complete investigation has been conducted on the nuclei, which have a range of 2.60 ≤ R 4/2 ≤ 2.80. A comparative investigation was carried out in order to make a determination regarding the characteristics of the low-lying collective structure. A comparison was made between the energy levels that were measured for each individual nucleus and three distinct sets of theoretical calculations that were derived from the X(3), X(4), and X (5) models. For the purpose of this analysis, a comparison was made between the theoretical calculations and the experimentally measured energy levels. The nucleus that exhibits features that are consistent with the X(4) model is the target that is being sought after during the detection operation. For the entirety of this study, a certain set of criteria has been developed and put through a comprehensive analysis. There was a limited number of nuclei that were able to fulfill these requirements entirely.

Cyclophosphamide and doxorubicin are often used as chemotherapy in Cancer treatment. However, these medications can cause harmful side effects, which may lead to disease progression. To address this issue, this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of combining cyclophosphamide and doxorubicin chemotherapy with low-dose gamma irradiation on the immune response and antitumor efficacy in a tumor mass animal model. Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells (EAC) were implanted intramuscularly in the right thigh of female albino mice. The mice were then treated with doxorubicin (D) at a dose of 10 mg/kg body weight once a week for four weeks, and low-dose gamma radiation (0.25 Gy) (LDR) in the third and fourth weeks. The current study discovered that radiation might regulate angiogenesis and proliferation in solid tumors more effectively than cyclophosphamide and doxorubicin by themselves. considerable regulation of miR-21 and Let-7a fold change.Additionally, heat shock proteins 70 and 90 were decreased and the chemotherapy and radiation combination increased the apoptosis marker caspase-3. These results suggest that low-dose gamma radiation combined with doxorubicin and/or cyclophosphamide might be a useful therapeutic regimen for cancer treatment.

Nano-scale technologies have gained significant attention in various industries, including the nuclear field, due to their unique properties and potential benefits such as miniaturization and improved performance, radiation-hardened electronics, sensors, and detectors. This paper studies the performance of the different nano-scale technologies in electronic elements fabrication using the different Full Adder (FA) circuits with respect to different realizing methods. Four main parameters; delay time, consumed power, simplicity of hardware (number of transistors), and Power Delay Product (PDP) have been used for evaluating the different FA circuits efficiency in 45nm and 65 nm nanotechnologies and utilizing the Complementary Pass-Transistor Logic (CPL), Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (C-MOS), Full-Swing Gate Diffusion Input (FS-GDI) hybrid approaches. The experiments are carried out using a simulator package (Cadence Virtuoso) for 65nm nanotechnology. The results revealed the performance of the FA circuits at the lower nanoscale performed better than the higher nanoscale. C-MOS approaches provide better improvement in the 45 nm technology compared to the 65 nm technology and the other realizing approaches.

A comparison between deuteron and alpha particle, has been done from many aspects. Different comparative methods have been used to study alpha and deuteron properties. Diffraction model has been applied to deuteron and alpha particles. The radial region of sensitivity has been tested using the distance of the closest approach where Notch test was applied to study the sensitivity of the optical model parameters. The reaction cross section and reflexion coefficients ηL of the deuteron and alpha elastically scattered by light nuclei ( 6,7 Li, 9 Be and 11 B) have been used for the comparison between the two projectiles under consideration. The imaginary potentials for deuteron and alpha elastically scattered by 7 Li has been used also, to study the difference between alpha and the deuteron. It was observed that deuteron has a signature of halo properties.

Cesium (Cs-137) is a technically enhanced natural radioactive element TENORM. Cs-137 is presented out of nuclear accidents as an example of anthropogenic radionuclides. In this paper, the activity concentration of Cs-137 is estimated in fly ash samples with a NaI (Tl) detector (gamma spectroscopy). It has high efficiency for gamma measurements. Fly ash samples were collected from the electric thermal power station Al-Hartha at Basra city in the south of Iraq. About fourteen samples were collected, prepared, and measured. The Cs-137 activity concentration is found between 0 (BDL, blew detection limit) to 28±7 Bq kg -1 for the fly ash samples from electric thermal power station Al-Hartha. All measured values are lower than the worldwide background level (UNSCEAR recommendation 37 Bq kg -1 ). Also, the obtained Cs-137 activity concentration has no effect on the estimated effective dose rate, that be prophesied with the activity of Cs-137 and cosmic radiation. The Cs-137 contribution in the estimation of absorbed dose rate will discuss and calculation will present for the measured activity.

Zinc oxide ZnO was synthesized via a sol-gel process, incorporated with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) using the casting method. Different doses of gamma radiation (20,30,40 and 50) irradiated the ZnO /PVA composite. The structured shape of ZnO was examined by (HRTEM). The optical direct transition band gap was reduced from (3.25 to 2.7 eV) for (20 kGy to 40 kGy) due to limited states' influence in the forbidden band. The refractive index was examined using Wemple and Di-Domenico method. The dispersion energy Ed and the oscillator energy Eo are related to variations in the structural order of the ZnO/PVA by irradiation dose. The dielectric loss tangent (tanδ), dielectric constant (ε'), and AC electrical conductivities of ZnO PVA samples have been recorded. Finally, it was noticed that the A.C. electrical conductivity appears to change exponentially with frequency, and this behavior is due to significant charge carrier migration via the hopping mechanism. The nanocomposite has a specific capacitance value of 36.7 F/g and 91.75 F/g, which makes it a good candidate for optoelectronic applications.

This paper presents the use of a Taylor series for multiobjective integer linear fractional programming problem having grey parameters in the right-side of the constraints (GMOILFP).To deal with the grey parameters in the right-side of the constraints the positioned programming should be used.An equivalent grey multiobjective linear fractional programming problem (GMOLFP) is formulated using Gomory's cutting plane method.The Taylor series, which is a series expansion that a representation of a function, is applied to convert the fractional functions into polynomials.In the proposed approach a white value of each grey parameter is determined, Taylor series is applied and the functions are unified by using the nonnegative weighted sum method.Thus, the problem is reduced to a single linear objective with grey parameter in the right side of the constrains.An algorithm for solving GMOILGP problem with grey interval coefficients using positioned programming and Taylor series polynomials is proposed.A numerical example is provided to demonstrate the efficiency and feasibility of the proposed approach.A special case study for handling the environmental economic energy dispatch problem also is included in this paper, the main goal of this problem is how to schedule committed generators to meet the load required to minimize the pollution emissions and fuel cost.The model formulation for a special case study problem is presented, the mathematical model will be considered as (GMOLFP) and the problem is solved according to the proposed solution algorithm.