Effect of 0.3mT-50Hz magnetic field exposure on rats' liver dielectric relaxation was studied. Animals were exposed similar to occupational workers 8h/day for periods from 1 to 4 weeks the exposure effects were monitored relative to the effect of exposure to high energy 6MeV standard dose of 1 rad. Dielectric relaxations in frequency range up to 8MHz carried out immediately for all animals from each group to examine bioelectrical changes in liver relative permittivity, conductivity, and dielectric loss. The results indicated significant difference in dielectric characteristics due to the counter-ion diffusion at frequency up to 1MHz, whereas frequency increased the shift unremarkably noticed. Unveil to the data of relative fraction of damage (RFD), it insight remarkable damage due to magnetic fields in a manner it should not be less important than high energy photons. Significantly, animals of 1 week magnetic field exposure showed maximum damage effect by 15%, 26% and 5% damage in relative permittivity, conductivity and dielectric loss respectively more than 6MeV photons exposure. Relative to unexposed group the samples from 1 week magnetic field exposure confirmed liver bioimpedance results and indicated significant increase in enzymatic levels by 20.6%, 17.1%, 3.32% and 13.1% for SGOT, SGPT, TP and MDA respectively. The former results may reflect the animal body self-adaptation as exposure period increased. It is worthy to mention that this work is an important one that correlates between the effects of both extremely low frequency fields and ionizing radiation.

The available experimental data for 7Li(p,p)7Li elastic scattering have been investigated using both optical potential as well as single folding optical potential in which the real part of potential is derived on the basis of single folding model. Approximated optical potential parameters have been obtained for real part using DFPOT code. The real part was normalized and imaginary part was optimized at all range of energies. The calculated normalization factor NR was 0.8. The agreement between experimental data and theoretical calculations has been achieved at the different concerned energies using ECISS88 program. The calculation of astrophysical S-factor for 7Li(p,γ)8Be radiative capture reaction has been performed using potential model. Different sets of optical potential parameters have been used during analysis. It has been found that different potential parameters play a crucial role and has a significant effect on the calculated S-factor. It has been shown that optical parameters have the greatest effect on astrophysical S-factor through our calculation.

Because characterization of ink pens on documents represents an important forensic discipline, the need of legal systems for faster, in-situ and more accurate technique that identify and differentiate questioned documents involved in criminal or legal matters is of great interest.Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) was experimentally proved to be a promising technique emerging in the field of forensic applications, specifically, questioned documents despite being from the same source or different source.However, the call for newly improved data analysis is unlimited and the need to know if the used ink has the same principal components or not.In the present work, the application of PCA has been demonstrated as statistics-based spectral analysis of the output resultant LIBS spectra for the forensic questioned documents analysis.The LIBS spectra were acquired from IR laser induced plasmas of black ink on regular document paper of ten brands of black gel inks commercially available in the Egyptian market.The idea behind principal component analysis is based on the loadings for the first three principal components.The obtained results have been shown to characterize ink pens used in the analysis.However, the first principal component encompasses the dominant characterization for the used pens.The results of this study indicate that Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) of ink pens aided with PCA technique can promote the LIBS capability to faster, error-free and automatic elemental identification and differentiation for in-situ forensic purposes, specifically, questioned documents.

The effect of plasma surface engineering on average surface roughness, wettability and gamma ray attenuation properties of AISI316L standard steel sample were carried out. The results showed an increase in surface roughness accompanied with an increase in the surface energy and a decrease in the contact angle of N316L sample treated by plasma carbonitriding. The experimental measurements of gamma ray attenuation properties of the investigated stainless steel alloys were carried out using gamma lines emitted from 232Th and 60Co gamma ray sources. The attenuation parameters such as linear and mass attenuation coefficients and half value layer were determined experimentally and theoretically. The obtained results indicated that the rf plasma surface treatment is an effective method for developing the surface tribological properties of treated stainless steel alloy without any change in the gamma ray attenuation properties. The obtained results suggest the suitability of N316L for in-core applications of nuclear reactor systems.

The aim of this study was focused on investigating the possible protective effect of Bee Venom (BV) against gamma radiation induced damage and inflammation in male rats. Gamma-irradiation (6 Gy) resulted in a significant elevation in the level of tumor necrotic factor-alpha (TNF-α) , interleukin-6 (IL-6) , creatinine kinase-MB (CK-MB) and cardiac troponin I (cTnI), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine phosphokinase (CPK), serum aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) , serum glucose, malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration and xanthine oxidase activity associated with remarkable decrease in insulin level, glutathione content (GSH) and the activity of xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in heart and liver tissues compared to control group. Injection of BV (5ml/kg b. wt. / day/6weeks) to γ-irradiated rats was found to offer protection against γ-irradiation induced oxidative stress and significantly ameliorated the changes occurred in the above investigated biochemical parameters. It could be concluded that Bee venom clarified a modulatory role against gamma radiation induced oxidative damage and inflammation in the heart and liver tissues.

The thermal hydraulic behavior of the spent fuel in dry storage cask under forced convection mode is experimentally and numerically investigated. For this purpose a test rig is designed and constricted to simulate the cooling loop cask contains 21 spent fuel discharged from pressurized water reactor (PWR). A numerical simulation is performed by ANSYS-CFX fluid dynamic code. The effect of decay heat generation and inlet air velocity are investigated. The results show that the increase in the inlet air velocity improves the coolability of the fuel while the increase in decay heat leads to decrease the coolability of the fuel. Within the range (1.1< V < 2.8 m/s) for inlet air velocity and heaters power (630 < Q < 1260 watt), a new empirical correlation has been obtained for Nusselt number, Nu as a function in Reynolds number, Re. The comparisons between experimental and numerical results show a good agreement.

In this paper, the polystyrene (PS) film surface was treated using DC glow discharge nitrogen (N2) and argon (Ar) plasma to improve the wettability and antibacterial properties. The untreated and plasma treated surfaces were characterized by contact angle, FTIR, XRD and SEM analysis. The antibacterial activity of untreated and plasma treated PS films was evaluated using optical density (OD) technique against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. The results of the PS film surface treated in both N2 and Ar showed a noticeable increase in the wettability due to the increase in the roughness and the introduction of oxygen-containing polar groups as corroborated with SEM, weight loss calculations and FTIR spectra. The results of antibacterial activity showed that the treated samples inhibit the bacterial growth. The Ar treatment created more oxygen-containing polar groups and increase roughness on the PS film surface and extensively modified the polymer surface than the N2 treatment.

Herein, solution casting technique has been used to prepare films of different composites of cobalt chloride (CoCl2) embedded in a blend of (poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) /poly ethylene glycol (PEG) 72/28 wt.%). Fourier Transform Infra Red (FT-IR) has been used to determine the effect of CoCl2 on the characteristic functional groups of both PVA and PEG. A shift in the absorption edge of the pure blend has been obtained by adding CoCl2 which indicates a decrease in the energy gap (Eg) values based on the CoCl2 content. By increasing the content of CoCl2, the refractive index, the Urbach energy, the dispersion parameters, the moments of the optical spectrum and the static dielectric constants show a reduction in their values compared to these of the pure blend. The oscillator energy gap Eo equals about 2.23 Eg, for the different composites. The calculated values of the penetration depth, for all the composites, exhibit an increase by increasing the wavelength whereas they decrease in the region of the absorption band of the CoCl2 from 420 nm to 750 nm depending on the CoCl2. The optical conductivity of the composites has been increased in the region of the absorption band of the CoCl2.

The aim of this work was to study the factors that influence the 226Ra uptake by two types of leafy vegetables collected from different farms in Al Sharqiya region in Saudi Arabia with their corresponding soils and irrigation waters. Quality assurance and validation of the radioanalyses for the different samples matrices were carried out. It was a reasonable approach to determine the 226Ra concentration ratios on the basis of both the exchangeable and total 226Ra content in the soils. It was found that the activity concentration of 226Ra in soils is independent on its corresponding activities in irrigation water but correlates well with the soil content of clay and silt. No significant dependency of the 226Ra concentration ratios for the studied vegetables on the radium total activities in soils. Good negative correlations were found between the organic matter content of soils and the concentration ratios of 226Ra in cabbage and lettuce. Some variations of the 226Ra uptake were found through the two leafy vegetables which may be explained by other factors related to the metabolic characteristics of the plant species. The 226Ra concentration ratios based on the exchangeable radium leached from soil for cabbage and lettuce were found to be higher than those determined on the basis of its total activity in soil. The exchangeable 226Ra may contribute for a better understanding of its uptake by leafy vegetables in these farms.

This paper presents a new design of a very low cost two-channel type K thermocouple interface circuit for micro-controllers. This interface circuit targets accurate temperature measurements for nuclear research instrumentation from 0 up to 250 degree Celsius with 1 degree resolution. The usage of the computational capabilities of a micro-controller is proposed to make an adaptive self calibration for the designed interface circuit. Also, these computational capabilities are used to solve the two major problems associated with thermocouples, namely the thermocouple non-linearity problems and the offset errors resulting from the thermocouple reference junctions.