Nowadays, technologies propose vast variety of different solutions to all stages of archaeological research. Geoinformatics, for instance, became the necessary part of archaeology since the end of the last century. Geoinformational provision of excavations and research, together with photogrammetry and geospatial database tools proved to be incredibly efficient. However, qualified scientific approach requires systematic use of all available instruments. In order to avoid the chaotic and random use of digital tools, an archaeologist should implement a complex approach to the geospatial provision of any research. It means qualified and rational use of geospatial database, geoinformational systems and photogrammetry from the very beginning of research — on the stage of planning. Only considering all the issues — from the coordinate system choose to the database management system structure — scientist can obtain a high quality of archaeological data that must be accurate, complete, interoperable, unified and precise. The advantages of geospatial databases for archaeological researches comparing to instrumental geoinformational system or analogue data sometimes are still the issue for discussion, so their usability must be considered and proved. Dynamic changeability, use of third dimension and fuzzy logic operators, interoperability, adaptation possibilities and a capacity to include the non-spatial data are the most important of them. Besides, use of database management systems, constraints, query procedures and spatial and conditional selections make databases extremely useful for the data mining, analysis and visualization. The complex, systematic and rational use of the entire geoinfomatics toolkit is strongly recommended to provide a concurrent and efficient archaeological research.

У 2007 р. у м. Харків було виявлено нове поселення початку І тис н. е., на якому проведено рятівні археологічні
\nдослідження. Досліджено 102 м²
\n, з’ясовано потужність
\nкультурного шару на різних ділянках, виявлено дві господарські ями та уламки кераміки пізньозарубинецького
\nчасу. Керамічний комплекс та великий відсоток лощеного посуду, знайденого під час дослідження, характерний
\nдля пам’яток типу Картамишево-2–Тернівка-2. Таким
\nчином, розкоп дозволив отримати певне уявлення про
\nжиття давнього населення та зафіксувати місце розташування однієї із садиб І—ІІ ст. н. е.

The publication deals with the problem of interpreting miniature vessels, in particular of round-shaped body and biconical forms, such as drinking vessels in a ceramic set of Cherniakhiv culture. Doubts about their belonging to the cups are based on their similarity with cooking and tableware. Generally, miniature vessels are deffined as “childish” or ritual ceramics. To eliminate such confusion, we propose the resolution of this issue. Based on the material from the 94 burial grounds of the Cherniakhiv culture, the two most characteristic locations for the placement of “standardized” types of a clay cup in inhumation with respect to the skeleton and the rest of the ceramic service were identified. Allocation of these signs for types I, II, III and IV, as well as a detailed description of types V and VI, made it possible to determine 73 vessels of round-shaped body and biconical forms, like a cup.

Спираючись на дані етнічної краніоскопії було опрацьовано 46 черепів з поховань Золотоординського часу, які дослідив О.Б. Супруненко поблизу с. Волошине Полтавської
\nобл. За більшістю ознак ця серія належить до південних
\nєвропеоїдів, однак окремі показники дають підставу припустити східну антропологічну домішку.

In the first centuries of our era, the Greek cities of the Northern Black Sea region experienced crisis processes. They resulted in significant changes in the life of policies, including the burial rite. The significance of individual plots used in its performance changes. The plot of the “afterlife meal” and certain types of funerary objects, in which it was embodied, are widely spread. Two types of such objects have been identified and analyzed: stone tombstones with corresponding images and underground crypts with niches – beds in the chambers. Earlier, the corresponding stone tombstones appear in small quantities in Olbia in the Hellenistic period. Since the beginning of the new era, they are widely spread throughout the Northern Black Sea region. On the tombstones the interior of the house and the deceased, reclining on the boxes during the “afterlife meal”, is often depicted. The same interior is embodied in the internal structure of the underground crypts chambers. In this niche – beds symbolize the burial bed. Such crypts appear in insignificant quantities in Hellenistic Olbia, but they are also widely spread from the 1st c. AD throughout the Northern Black Sea. Thus, the plot of the “afterlife meal”, widely known in the ancient world, on the territory of the Northern Black Sea region is embodied in at least two categories of archaeological monuments – stone tombstones with corresponding images and underground crypts with niches – stove beds. Such monuments appear in small numbers in Hellenism, and since the beginning of the Roman era they have become widespread. This is partly due to the intensification of the process of “heroization” of the dead and changes in the social structure of the population of this region.

 In the article there are examined 332 ankle bones, which were found in 49 burial complexes of the catacomb necropolis in the village Verkhnii Saltiv (Upper Saltiv), provided by the expeditions of Kharkiv Historical Museum named after N.F. Sumtsov in 1984-2018. The collection contains of almost all types and kinds of anklebones. Most artifacts are published for the first time. The collection has five cues. These ankle bones are distinguished from other by holes drilled in them, filled with lead. Ankle bones without any traces of additional processing were encountered in 32 burial complexes (a total of 180 pieces). This group of ankle bones is supplemented with bones, in which there are visible traces of insignificant underflow from one or two sides (44 pieces). The rest of the ankle bones are mainly of two types: ankle bones with traces of undercuts and with a through-hole (26 pieces); ankle bones without undercuts with a through-hole (50 pieces). On three ankle bones with traces of undercuts there are unfinished holes for hanging. On seven ankle bones with hanging holes, graffiti were fixed, which could be applied on ankle bones, both when they were used for the game, and after they were turned into an amulet pendant. In general, graffiti was revealed on 21 ankle bones from 9 burial complexes. Graffiti is represented by signs that have the broadest analogies among the signs originating from the monuments of different peoples of Eurasia. The material studied illustrates the existence of a variety of knockout games, throw-ins, and luck games among the Alanian population of Verkhnii Saltiv. Anklebones with drilled holes were used as amulets. The properties of such amulets were enhanced by applying graffiti on them. Anklebones with graffiti could also be used for fortune telling.

In the paper flint finds from Severynivka hillfort are analysed. They represent several chronological periods. The main part of the collection belongs to the Upper Palaeolithic. Separate tools by their characteristics refer to the Neolithic—Late Bronze period. A small group consists of items that cannot be clearly associated with a particular chronological period.

The paper deals with the results of work at the “Citadel” site in Olbia of the first centuries CE. The author analyses the architectural objects and ceramic complexes discovered during the research. The description and dimensions of the building remnants of the defensive walls, types of masonries are conducted. Comparison of two earlier revealed curtains opened by B.V. Farmakovskyi at the main excavation (1905—1906) and recently discovered part of the north-western curtain at the western excavation (2011—2015) is made. The discovery of the “post” confirms the correctness of the location definition of the gate opening, noted by B.V. Farmakovskyi on the basis of the identified street impacts; the placement of such “post” is likely to be near the gate, and not the usual curtain.

Подається огляд діяльності новобудовних експедицій Інституту археології АН УРСР, які працювали у районі будівництва Каховського водосховища протягом 1951— 1955 рр. На основі матеріалів з Наукового архіву Інституту археології НАН України робиться огляд досліджених пам’яток. Подаються результати досліджень, обсяг виконаної польової роботи та об’єм введеного до наукового обігу археологічного матеріалу. Матеріали з ЦДАВО¹ України містять дані щодо підготовки до затоплення чаші Каховського водосховища.