Background: Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) has advanced rapidly and is now used beyond type 1 diabetes (T1D). New randomized controlled trials (RCTs), meta-analyses, and updated international guidelines from 2020 to 2025 have reshaped clinical use, which warrants an updated narrative synthesis. Objective: To provide a narrative review of recent clinical evidence on CGM, compare effectiveness across diabetes populations, appraise the strength and limitations of the evidence, and identify priorities for future research. Methods: Thirty-five publications were included after targeted searches in PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov, and official diabetes organization websites, with the last search on 1 August 2025. Eligible English language studies reported clinical outcomes, accuracy, usability, or implementation in adults with T1D or type 2 diabetes (T2D). Selection and data extraction were performed manually. Findings were synthesized descriptively. No meta-analysis or formal risk of bias assessment was performed. Results: In T1D, randomized trials and reviews consistently showed improvements in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), time in range (TIR), and fewer hypoglycemic events, including a mean HbA1c reduction of 0.27 percent with closed loop systems. In insulin treated T2D, effects on HbA1c ranged from minus 0.74 to minus 0.20 percent, with variable improvements in TIR. Time spent in hypoglycemia decreased by about 0.66 percent. In one trial insulin dose fell by 10.6 units per day and weight by 3.3 kilograms. Evidence for non-insulin treated T2D, older adults, and pregnant women remains preliminary but suggests potential benefit. Patient reported outcomes indicated moderate gains in treatment satisfaction, sleep, and daily functioning, with high adherence in older adults reported at about 93 percent. Conclusions: The evidence is strongest for T1D and supportive though heterogeneous for insulin treated T2D. For non-insulin treated T2D, older adults, and pregnant women, current data are limited and do not yet support firm recommendations. Future studies should address long term outcomes, cost effectiveness, and the role of CGM in underrepresented populations to guide clinical practice.

Obesity is a complex, chronic, relapsing, and progressive metabolic disease marked by abnormal or excessive adipose tissue accumulation that presents significant risks to health and longevity. Once underestimated, obesity has now reached epidemic proportions globally, with the World Health Organization estimating over 650 million adults affected. It is a major contributor to the development of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), cardiovascular disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), certain cancers, and osteoarticular disorders, and is associated with increased all-cause mortality.

Aims: This review synthesizes current knowledge on inflammatory complications of odontogenic origin, based on scientific literature from 2005 to 2025. The objective is to identify and characterize the full spectrum of complications, their etiology, pathogenesis, diagnostic approaches, and therapeutic strategies. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, covering peer-reviewed articles published between 2005 and 2025. The literature search yielded 2,340 articles, of which 28 met inclusion criteria, including 15 original research articles, 10 review articles, and 3 case reports. Results: The review covers complications including periapical abscesses (periapical, subperiosteal, submucosal), odontogenic sinusitis, osteomyelitis, facial cellulitis, sepsis, orbital abscess, meningitis, cavernous sinus thrombosis, brain abscess, and Lemierre’s syndrome. Contributing factors include untreated caries, periodontal disease, dental trauma, diabetes, and immunosuppression. Infection spread occurs via direct extension, hematogenous dissemination, or lymphatic routes, affecting areas such as the maxillary sinus, orbit, mediastinum, and intracranial spaces. Conclusions: The results emphasize that early diagnosis, targeted antimicrobial therapy, surgical intervention, and patient education are critical for effective management. The discussion underscores the need for interdisciplinary approaches and preventive measures to mitigate these complications.

Aims: This review aims to analyze the impact of advancements in wearable technology and digital health solutions on health monitoring. The study focuses on how these innovations have improved the accuracy of health data collection, expanded access to medical monitoring, and strengthened patient engagement in self-care. Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted using publicly available databases, including PubMed, NEJM and Google Scholar, using articles available in English. Studies focusing on wearable health technology, its applications in chronic disease management, and its integration into healthcare systems were analyzed. Results: Wearable health technology has significantly enhanced real-time patient monitoring, enabling earlier detection of health conditions and more personalized treatment strategies. Devices such as smart watches, ECG monitors, and continuous glucose monitors have improved disease management and patient compliance. However, challenges related to data security, device interoperability, and patient adherences remain prevalent. Conclusion: Wearable health technology is transforming healthcare by providing continuous, real-time health monitoring and facilitating early intervention. While its potential is vast, addressing challenges such as data privacy and integration with existing medical systems is crucial for maximizing its benefits. Wearable health technologies are increasingly integrated into medical practice, offering new opportunities for continuous patient monitoring, early disease detection, and personalized treatment.

Aims: The delay in childbearing and the associated decrease in fertility rates are the most notable trends in the majority of countries nowadays. This review aims to investigate oocyte cryopreservation (OC) as a fertility preservation technique and evaluate its significance in the context of delayed motherhood. Methods: The literature review was conducted using the PubMed and Google Scholar database. Approximately 40 articles that met the predetermined inclusion criteria were selected for analysis. Publications were published between 2009 and 2025, written in English, focusing on oocyte cryopreservation as a method of elective or medical fertility preservation. Results: Oocyte cryopreservation shows clinical outcomes comparable to fresh oocytes in IVF, better cost-effectiveness, and no increase in risk of congenital abnormalities. Live birth rates following OC range from 17.6% to 73%, with better results achieved in younger participants. The best outcomes were observed when oocytes were stored at 33 years of age and thawed at 43. Elective OC, compared to OC performed for medical reasons (e.g. oncological diseases) is associated with higher implantation rates. However, OC success rates and cost-effectiveness decline significantly with increasing age, with studies identifying 35 to 38 years as a critical threshold. While OC is generally safe, there remains a risk of complications such as ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, and advanced maternal age is associated with an increased risk of obstetric complications. Conclusions: As women increasingly delay motherhood, OC offers an effective strategy to preserve fertility, particularly when performed before age 35. Success rates are strongly age-dependent, and early OC yields outcomes comparable to fresh IVF cycles without added congenital risk. Nevertheless, treatment costs and cycle numbers rise with maternal age, and success is not guaranteed. Broader education, accessibility, and personalized counseling are essential to optimize OC’s benefits and address gaps in knowledge regarding long-term outcomes.

Vitamin D is a steroid hormone essential to a broad spectrum of physiological processes. Synthesized in the skin via UVB exposure and obtained from dietary sources, it plays a central role in calcium and phosphorus homeostasis and is critical to cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, neurological, metabolic, and reproductive health. Owing to its pleiotropic effects, vitamin D deficiency can lead to widespread systemic dysfunction and has been associated with increased all-cause mortality. According to a position statement of the European Calcified Tissue Society from 2019 its prevalence is between 30–60% in Western, Southern and Eastern Europe. The 2023 Polish recommendations titled "Vitamin D deficiency in developmental age – the scale of the problem, prevention, treatment, and the latest 2023 guidelines for Poland", state that approximately 90% of adults and nearly all adolescents in Poland are affected by vitamin D deficiency. High-risk groups include older adults, individuals with obesity, pregnant women, and those with limited sunlight exposure or chronic diseases. Although traditionally associated with autoimmune conditions, growing evidence links vitamin D deficiency to a range of non-autoimmune disorders. As a modifiable factor implicated in diverse chronic diseases, vitamin D deficiency underscores the need for standardized diagnostic criteria and targeted clinical trials. This review synthesizes molecular, clinical, and epidemiological findings to evaluate the systemic consequences of vitamin D deficiency. It identifies key research gaps, methodological inconsistencies, and the absence of standardized diagnostic criteria. The need for personalized supplementation strategies and large-scale randomized trials is emphasized to clarify causal relationships and inform evidence-based clinical guidelines.

Introduction: Coffee is one of the most widely consumed beverages globally and contains numerous biologically active compounds, including caffeine, chlorogenic acids, diterpenes, and polyphenols. These constituents have been extensively studied for their potential effects on human health. Objective: This review aims to synthesize current scientific evidence regarding the impact of coffee consumption on the development and progression of various chronic diseases, including metabolic, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, neurological, and hepatic disorders. Methods: A narrative literature review was conducted using peer-reviewed publications sourced from databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar. Priority was given to large cohort studies, meta-analyses, and recent mechanistic research that explored the effects of both caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee. Results: Moderate coffee consumption is associated with a reduced risk of several chronic conditions. Epidemiological data suggest inverse associations with type 2 diabetes mellitus, Parkinson’s disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and certain types of cancer, particularly colorectal and liver cancers. Additionally, coffee may offer neuroprotective effects and contribute to improved liver enzyme profiles. However, results regarding cardiovascular health remain mixed, with some studies indicating potential adverse effects depending on preparation methods and individual sensitivity to caffeine. Conclusion: Coffee consumption—particularly when filtered and consumed in moderation—may provide protective effects against a range of chronic diseases. Nevertheless, individual factors such as genetics, comorbidities, and preparation methods should be taken into account. Further randomized controlled trials are necessary to establish causality and clarify optimal consumption levels for health benefits.

Europäische Wissenschaftliche Gesellschaft Home About the Journal Peer Review Editorial Board For Authors Reviewer Recognition Archive Contact Impressum EWG e.V. Elektronische Zeitschriftbibliotek Logo Bielefeld Academic Search Engine Logo Erfolgreich durch internationale Zusammenarbeit AI in Healthcare Cite as: Archiv EuroMedica. 2025. 15; 1. DOI 10.35630/2025/15/1.104 Received 15 January 2025; Accepted 17 February 2025; Published 23 February 2025 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE-POWERED INSIGHTS: EXPLORING THE IMPACT OF ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION ON INGUINAL HERNIOPLASTY CONSEQUENCES Andrey Protasov 1 orcid id logo, Mekhaeel Mekhaeel1 orcid id logo, Sameh Salem1email orcid id logo, Watban Khalid Al-Tekreeti2 orcid id logo, Eman Abdulqader Abduhalim Abdo3 orcid id logo, Abd Alhakem Alhatem4 orcid id logo 1Department of Operative Surgery and Clinical Anatomy named after I.D. Kirpatovsky. Medical institute. Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia 2Department of Mechanical Engineering Technologies, Academy of Engineering. Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia. 3Department of Oncology and Roentgenology named after V.P. Kharchenko. Medical Institute. Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia 4Department of Surgery. Medical institute. Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University). Moscow, Russia download article (pdf) samehhadhoud2020@gmail.com ABSTRACT Aims: To analyze potential influences of primary arterial hypertension in patients with an inguinal hernia after Liechtenstein open inguinal hernia repair by using different types of surgical mesh implants. Method: 40 patients with inguinal hernia were operated by the Lichtenstein repair using different types of mesh implants during the period between January 2022 and the end of December 2024. The patients were splitted into 2 equal groups (no=20); Group A (Normotensive Patients) and Group B (Hypertensive Patients),and the results were analyzed using machine learning Artificial Intelligence programming language; Python. Results: Duration of herniation, total hospitalization stays, time of operation and the incidence of postoperative complications — the results of the t-tests show no statistically significant differences among both groups. Conclusions: In our study, we found that hypertension status does not significantly impacts upon the outcomes of inguinal hernia repair.

Sleep is a physiological process essential for maintaining both physical and mental health, it plays a significant role in various bodily functions. Throughout life, changes in sleep duration and quality can impact overall well-being. This literature review explores the complex relationship between sleep disorders and conditions such as depression, Alzheimer's disease, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Research indicates that sleep disorders, including sleep deprivation and interrupted sleep, can influence the development and progression of these diseases. In Alzheimer's disease, poor sleep quality contributes to the accumulation of beta-amyloid plaques, which impair cognitive functions. Inadequate sleep also negatively affects the onset of type 2 diabetes by disrupting glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity. Additionally, both insufficient and excessive sleep have detrimental effects on cardiovascular health, highlighting the importance of sleep in the pathogenesis of these conditions. Purpose: This review emphasizes the multidimensional impact of sleep on health, highlighting the necessity for effective treatment of sleep disorders as a preventive measure against various diseases. Methods: After a thorough analysis of articles on PubMed, we have selected the most significant diseases whose development and progression are influenced by sleep disorders. We provided a brief overview of the mechanisms underlying sleep and then carefully described the relationships between sleep and the selected diseases. Our aim is to emphasize the significant impact that sleep has on the overall functioning of the body. Conclusion: Sleep plays a crucial role in maintaining health and preventing the development of many diseases. Sleep disorders can impair immune system function, increasing the risk of infections and autoimmune diseases. Sleep deprivation also contributes to cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension and atherosclerosis, by disrupting blood pressure regulation and inflammatory processes. Lack of sleep negatively affects metabolism, raising the risk of type 2 diabetes and obesity. Additionally, chronic sleep disorders are linked to deteriorating mental health, including the development of depression, anxiety, and dementia.