To identify barriers and enablers to primary care in Australian residential aged care homes (RACHs). Scoping review of articles published from 2019 to June 2024 in which barriers and enablers to primary care in Australian RACHs have been quantitatively measured, qualitatively collected or reported following implementation. Medline, CINAHL, AgeLine, Cochrane, Scopus, JBI, and Google Scholar. Of 1705 records screened, 28 studies were included, which were predominantly qualitative or mixed methods. They included general practitioner, nurse practitioner, pharmacy, allied health, oral health and dental services. Ninety barriers and 72 enablers were identified, and inductively classified into seven categories: System Level: 1. Funding and Resources; Organisational Level: 2. Employment and Service Models, 3. Management and Culture and, 4. Collaboration, Coordination and Communication; and Individual Level: 5. Workload, Job Satisfaction and Security, 6. Attributes, Skills and Preparedness for Role and, 7. Recipient Needs, Attitudes and Preferences. Barriers and enablers related to 'Funding and Resources' and 'Employment and Service Models' appeared key, interacting with multiple categories. On-site models were reported to foster greater collaboration and care. This review revealed the systems-, organisational- and individual-level factors that influence primary care in Australian RACHs. These can be considered when designing future initiatives to increase primary care access in RACHs. With the Australian Government recently introducing funding to employ on-site pharmacists, this is an opportunity for systematic evaluation of on-site models to inform future policies, which can be considered for extension to other professions. Open Science Framework, https://osf.io/nyqrm/.

Ageing in place has been promoted in the Netherlands to encourage optimal functional ability (FA) and independent living among older adults. FA is likely dependent on intrinsic capacity (IC), a composite measure of an individual's mental and physical capacities-and its interaction with the physical environment in which people live. This study aimed to examine the association between IC and FA, as well as to explore how the physical environment may modify this relationship in older adults. Data of older adults of the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam were used (n=1,637). FA was assessed as six-year functional decline (yes/no). IC scores (0-100) and characteristics of the physical environment, i.e., urbanisation, air pollution (particulate matter (PM10) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2)), area-level socio-economic status, and neighbourhood walkability, were assessed at baseline. Multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to investigate the association between IC and functional decline, and the modifying effect of each environmental variable. The mean age at baseline was 69.39 years (SD=7.51) and 54.7% were women. Higher IC was associated with lower odds of functional decline (OR: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.88-0.93). Stratified analyses showed a stronger inverse association between IC and functional decline in lower PM10 (OR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.76-0.92), compared to higher PM10 environments (OR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.89-0.95) in fully adjusted models. Higher IC was related to less functional decline. Exposure to higher levels of PM10 appears to mitigate the protective association between IC and FA in older adults.