IntroductionVentilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) prevention and care is essential to the prognosis of premature infants. We aimed to evaluate the effects and safety of oral immune therapy (OIT) in premature infants, to provide evidence for the clinical treatment and nursing care of premature infants.Material and methodsWe systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China Biomedical Documentation Service (CBM), Wanfang databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the effects and safety of OIT in preterm infants until July 16, 2022. Two researchers independently screened the literature and extracted data. Revman 5.3 software was used for data meta-analysis.Results10 RCTs involving 852 premature infants were included, 427 premature infants received OIT. Synthesized outcomes showed that OIT reduced the incidence of VAP [RR=0.34, 95%CI (0.22-0.53)], the detection rate of tracheal tube-causing microorganisms [RR=0.29, 95%CI (0.16-0.50)] and length of hospital stay [MD=-6.60, 95%CI (-11.66, -1.53)] in premature infants (all P<0.05). There were no statistically differences in the detection rate of oropharyngeal pathogenic microorganisms [RR=0.23, 95%CI (0.04-1.32)], duration of mechanical ventilation [MD=-0.67, 95%CI (-1.37, 0.03)], mortality [RR=0.60, 95%CI (0.31, 1.14)] between OIT and control group (all P>0.05).ConclusionsOIT is a simple and effective nursing method, which provides a new approach for the prevention of VAP in premature infants. RCTs with high quality, larger sample size and multi-centers are still needed for further verification on the role of OIT in the future.

IntroductionTo explore the mechanism and clinical effect of acupoint selection and acupuncture therapy on premature ovarian failure.Material and methodsA total of 100 cases of POF were collected and divided into POF group and POF+acupoint selection and acupuncture therapy (POF+ACU) group. Cerebrospinal fluid samples from patients in each group were extracted by lumbar puncture, and exosomes were isolated and purified. The expression level of exosome protein NELL2 was analyzed by western blot, and the morphology of exosomes was observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The changes of sex hormone levels were detected by TOSOH AIA 1800 automatic chemiluminescence analyzer. Follicular development and ovulation were monitored by B-ultrasound.ResultsThe expression of protein CD9, CD81 and NELL2 in POF+ACU group all increased compared with POF group. TEM images showed that the exosomes were oval or round membranous vesicles. After 3 months of continuous acupoint selection and acupuncture therapy, it was found that the level of testosterone (T) and estradiol (E2) in the POF+ACU group were significantly increased, while the follicular stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) were significantly decreased, showing a significant difference compared with the POF group. B-ultrasound observation of the endometrial thickness and the maximum follicle diameter showed that the values of POF+ACU group increased, showing no statistical difference compared with the NC group. Ovulation occurred in 20% of the 50 patients in the POF group and 70% in the POF+ACU treatment group.ConclusionsAcupoint selection and acupuncture therapy can treat POF by promoting the secretion of exosome protein NELL2

IntroductionThe majority of hepatitis E (HE) reports come from Western Europe. The aim of the study was to describe the typical epidemiological and clinical characteristics of HE in the Czech Republic.MethodsA retrospective analysis of 173 patients with HE.ResultsAt least 90% of cases were autochthonous (HEV-3 genotype). Seventeen patients were treated with ribavirin. Five underwent liver transplants because of fulminant HE. We noted neurological symptomatology in 9 cases. Six patients developed chronic HE.ConclusionsThere is a possibility of severe health complications caused by the hepatitis E virus in the Czech Republic.

IntroductionEndometriosis is a reproductive disorder closely associated with hypoxia stress. Increasing evidences have implied the important roles of angiotensin II (ANG II) receptors in the pathophysiology of endometriosis. Thus, we speculated that Azilsartan (AZL), an ANG II receptor blocker, might have an effective function in controlling endometriosis.Material and methodsThe endometriotic animal model was established in female SD rats (6-8 weeks old, 200-220 g). Rats were divided into sham group and endometriosis (EMS) group. Rats in EMS group were anaesthetized by halothane and a mid-ventral incision was performed to expose the bowels. Human endometrial stromal cell line T-HESC was used for the in vitro assays. The T-HESC cells were cultured in DMEM-F12 mediumwith 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS, Hyclone), and 4 mM L-glutamine, 0.25% HEPES plus necessary antibiotics (Sigma-Aldrich, USA), at 37°C in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2.ResultsThe results show that upregulation of ANG II type 1 (AT1) receptor was observed in the endometriotic rat models. Treatment with AZL prevented the development of endometriotic lesions and suppressed the expressions of HIF-1α and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) in endometriotic rats. In vitro assays proved that hypoxia-induced proliferation, migration, and invasion of T-HESC cells were attenuated by AZL. AZL inhibited the expression levels of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), COX-2, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production in hypoxia-induced T-HESC cells. Overexpression of HIF-1α blocked the effects of AZL on T-HESC cells in response to hypoxia.ConclusionsAZL showed therapeutic function on endometriosis through inhibiting hypoxia-induced cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of T-HESC cells via HIF-1α/COX-2/PGE2 signaling.

Many noninfectious pulmonary complications occur immediately within the first few weeks after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of chest physical therapy (CPT) performed during the pre-transplant period in terms of spirometric values and respiratory muscle strength (RMS) in patients waiting for allo-HSCT. Fifty patients aged 40 to 55 years who were scheduled for allo-HSCT were randomly allocated into two equal-sized groups, a CPT group and a control group. The CPT group (n = 25) received CPT in addition to routine medical treatment, while the control group (n = 25) received routine medical treatment only. Patients in both groups received standard physical therapy during the inpatient waiting period. Interventions were conducted daily for 3 weeks before allo-HSCT. Pulmonary function (FEV1, FVC, and FEV1/FVC) was measured by spirometry, and RMS was measured by a respiratory pressure meter. A baseline assessment was done 3 weeks before allo-HSCT (T0), then at the end of treatment immediately before allo-HSCT (T1) and the last assessment at 3 weeks after allo-HSCT (T2) for all measured variables. In comparing the two groups at T1 and T2, the mean spirometric values and RMS, maximal inspiratory pressure, and maximal expiratory pressure were all improved significantly in the CPT group in comparison with the control group (p < 0.05). Adding a 3-week CPT intervention to the pre-transplant rehabilitation program seems to be effective and safe for allo-HSCT recipients, as it improves pre-transplant pulmonary function and respiratory muscle strength and prevents their post-transplant decrease.

IntroductionThe impact of bovine mastitis on animal husbandry is great huge. It is anincurable an incurable disease mainly characterized by milk and pathological changes in milk and the mammary gland, which causescause reduced yield and quality of milk, but. Unfortunately, the use of antibiotics to combat mastitis affects the production of milk, so it is urgent to find additional therapeutic molecules for mastitis treatment.Material and methodsIn this study, we analyzed the protection provided by hyperoside (HYP) in a model of mastitis in vivo and explored its functional mechanism in mouse mammary epithelial cells (mMECs) by overexpression of NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3).ResultsOur results showed that HYP at 12.5, 25 and 50 mg/kg prevented the inflammatory response induced in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated micemouse mammary glands as well as inflammatory cytokine production, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and IL-8. The protection provided by HYP was also correlated with the reduction of NLRP3 signaling pathway protein levels in vivo. However, overexpression of NLRP3 reversed the effects of HYP on the NLRP3 inflammasome, cell viability and inflammatory factor levels in LPS-stimulated mMECs.ConclusionsIn summary, this study showed that HYP inhibited LPS-stimulated symptoms of breast inflammation by regulating expression of inflammatory cytokines and inhibiting the NLRP3 signaling pathway.

IntroductionIn the present study, we decided to prepare and formulate a new chemotherapeutic drug (silver nanoparticles in ‎aqueous medium using Salvia officinalis leaf aqueous extract) for the treatment of human ovarian cancer in the in ‎vitro condition.Material and methodsThe organometallic chemistry tests such as Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), UV–Visible Spectroscopy ‎‎(UV-Vis), and Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FT‐IR) were used for characterizing of silver ‎nanoparticles. For investigating the antioxidant potentials of AgNO3, Salvia officinalis aqueous extract, and ‎silver nanoparticles, the DPPH test was used in the presence of butylated hydroxytoluene as the positive ‎control. To survey the cytotoxicity and anti-human ovarian cancer activities of AgNO3, Salvia officinalis ‎aqueous extract, and silver nanoparticles, MTT assay was used on the human ovarian cancer cell lines i.e., Caov-‎‎3‎, SK-OV-3, and PA-1‎. ‎ResultsIn UV-Vis, the clear peak in the wavelength of 421 nm indicated the formation of silver nanoparticles. In FT-IR ‎test, the presence of many antioxidant compounds with related bonds caused the excellent condition for ‎reducing of silver in the silver nanoparticles. The silver nanoparticles inhibited half of the DPPH molecules in ‎the concentration of 251 µg/mL. The best result of anti-human ovarian cancer effects of silver nanoparticles ‎against the above cell lines was observed in the case of the SK-OV-3 cell line. ‎ConclusionsSilver nanoparticles had very low cell viability and anti-human ovarian cancer properties dose-dependently ‎against Caov-3‎, SK-OV-3, and PA-1 cell lines without any cytotoxicity on the normal cell line (HUVECs). ‎

IntroductionRecently, various nanoparticles containing medicinal plants have been specifically designed to deliver anticancer drugs and nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA to cancer cells and as a result, they open up new avenues in cancer treatment strategies. In this study, gold nanoparticles were synthesized in aqueous medium using Nigella damascena extract as ‎stabilizing and reducing agents. ‎Material and methodsThe synthesized nanoparticles (AuNPs) were characterized using different techniques including UV-Vis. and ‎FT-IR spectroscopy, and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). TEM images exhibited a uniform spherical ‎morphology in size of 21.64 nm for the biosynthesized nanoparticles. In the cellular and molecular part of the ‎recent study, the treated cells with AuNPs were assessed by MTT assay for 48h about the cytotoxicity and anti-‎human ovarian cancer ‎ properties on normal (HUVEC) and ovarian cancer cell lines i.e. PA-1, Caov-3, SW 626, ‎and SK-OV-3. ‎ResultsThe viability of malignant ovarian‎ cell line reduced dose-dependently in the presence of AuNPs. The IC50 of ‎AuNPs were 232‎, ‎204‎, ‎193‎, and ‎288 µg/mL against PA-1, Caov-3, SW 626, and SK-OV-3 cell lines, ‎respectively. In the antioxidant test, the IC50 of AuNPs and BHT against DPPH free radicals were 151 and 142 ‎‎µg/mL, respectively. ‎ConclusionsAfter clinical study, gold nanoparticles containing Nigella damascena leaf aqueous extract may be used to ‎formulate a new chemotherapeutic drug or supplement to treat the several types of human ovarian cancer.‎

IntroductionMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is a debilitating human health status characterized by mood swings and high suicidal attempts. Several studies have reported the role of neuroinflammation in MMD, yet the efficacy of natural drug substances on neuroinflammation-associated depression needs to be further investigated. The present study demonstrated the neuroprotective effects of Acetyl-L- carnitine (ALC) alone or in combination with caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced neuro-inflammation, depression, and anxiety-like behavior.Material and methodsMale Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were used to explore the relative effects of ALC and the mechanistic interplay of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARγ) in depression. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was administered to induce depression and anxiety-like symptoms such as a decreased grooming tendency, diminished locomotive activity, and increased immobility period.ResultsWe found marked neuronal alterations in the cortex and hippocampus of LPS intoxicated animals associated with higher inflammatory cytokines expression cyclooxygenase (COX2), tumor necrotic factor-alpha (TNF-α). These detrimental effects exacerbate oxidative stress as documented by a compromised antioxidant system due to high lipid peroxidase (LPO). ALC significantly reverted these changes by positively modulating the PPARγ dependent downstream antioxidant and anti-inflammatory pathways such as NOD and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) linked nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) phosphorylation. Moreover, co-administering NF-κB inhibitor caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) with ALC also increased PPARγ expression significantly and decreased NF-ᴋB and NLRP3 inflammasome.ConclusionsThese findings indicate that ALC could be a possible depression supplement. The effects are partly mediated by inhibiting neuroinflammation and NLRP3 inflammasome coupled to PPARγ upregulations.

IntroductionThe recent research showed that the Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) formulated with Nigella Sativa aqueous extract having potent antioxidant and anti-human ovarian cancer activities in vitro condition.Material and methodsFor determinate the properties of the GNPs that were produced from the reaction between gold chloride solution with aqueous Nigella Sativa extract, we used UV–Visible Spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE‐SEM), Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FT‐IR), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). For evaluating anti-ovarian cancer and cytotoxicity effects of GNPs, Au chloride, and Nigella Sativa aqueous extract, we used MTT assay.ResultsThe result of this test showed that GNPs have no cytotoxicity on normal cell line (HUVEC) and have potent anti-ovarian cancer features dose-dependently against PA-1, SK-OV-3, and SW-626 cell lines. The IC50 of GNPs were 249, 361, and 433 µg/mL against PA-1, SW-626, and SK-OV-3 cell lines, respectively. For evaluating the antioxidant features of GNPs, Au chloride, and Nigella Sativa aqueous extract, we used the DPPH test, in this test butylated hydroxytoluene was a positive control, the results of this test showed that the GNPs have an effective antioxidant feature. In the antioxidant test, the IC50 of GNPs and BHT were 144 and 201 µg/mL, respectively.ConclusionsProbably, potent anti-human ovarian cancer activities of GNPs formulated with Nigella Sativa aqueous seed extract because of antioxidant properties. After evaluating the effectiveness of this formulation in clinical trial researches, it can be a good alternative to chemotherapy drugs.