This study aimed to gather basic information on phenotypic characteristics and develop live weight estimation equations based on body measurements of indigenous goat types in selected districts of the South Gondar Zone. Multistage purposive sampling was employed based on the potential of goat production. For generating quantitative and qualitative data, linear body measurements were taken from 630 mature goats. Dentition was used to estimate the age of goats as age group one (1PPI), age group two (2PPI), and age group three (3PPI). Data were gathered through field observations and linear body measurements of sampled populations. The most frequently observed coat colors were white (23.80%), white and red (18.57%), red (13.70%), gray (13.17%), brown (9.50%), and black (6.03%). Moreover, the most frequently observed coat color patterns of the sampled goat population in the study area were plain (65.1%), followed by patchy (25.2%) and spotted (9.7%). Sex of animals affected (P<0.05) body weight and all of the body measurements except for ear length and tail length. The animals' location difference affected all body measurements (P < 0.05), except for heart girth. The age of animals contributed significantly to differences in body weight and all linear body measurements. The correlation coefficient was consistently highest between body weight and chest girth in males (r = 0.90) and females (r = 0.83). Multiple regression analysis revealed that Chest girth was the most crucial trait in predicting body weight. There was no standard weighing balance for selling live animals at reasonable prices.

Broiler chicken feet are used as food and in the production of gelatin in many countries. Pododermatitis is a common disease in broiler chicken farming, which can affect the quality of broiler feet and be a perennial source of pathogenic bacteria that threaten public health. This research aimed to describe the lesion characteristics (macroscopic and histopathological) of pododermatitis in slaughtered broiler chickens, identify the associated pathogenic bacteria, and evaluate their sensitivity to acetic acid. One hundred thirty-six samples of pododermatitis lesions were subjected to morphological examination, and 129 underwent bacteriological examination to isolate and identify pathogenic bacteria using standard microbiological and biochemical tests. All isolated bacterial strains were tested for sensitivity to acetic acid using the agar dilution method. Pododermatitis samples of different scores underwent histopathological analysis. The results showed that score 4 was the most common (37.5%) for pododermatitis with an area of 2.91±2.00 cm2. Pododermatitis scores 3 and 4 showed the same microscopic lesions, including full-thickness epidermal ulcerations. Bacteriological analysis revealed that all 129 pododermatitis samples were positive, and 184 bacterial strains were isolated and identified. Staphylococcus aureus was the most frequently isolated bacterium (66.30%), and the second- and third-most prevalent were Escherichia coli (19.57%) and Staphylococcus hiycus (5.98%), respectively. Acetic acid was particularly effective against all tested bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus hiycus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, Shigella flexneri, and Shigella sonnei), with an average minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ≤0.08%. In conclusion, broiler pododermatitis was a dominant disease, and S. aureus was the most important pathogen associated with pododermatitis in broiler chickens. Acetic acid was an effective product for controlling the bacteria involved in pododermatitis.

Abstract: Early detection of failed transfer of passive immunity (FTPI) is crucial to prevent neonatal diseases and mortality. This study evaluates the effect of supplementing dairy cows with Saccharomyces Cerevisiae and/or a yeast wall during the last month of pregnancy on the transfer of passive immunity to calves. Forty-five Montbeliarde dairy cows were divided into four groups: a control group (CON; n=13) with no supplementation, an SC group (n=12) receiving 5 g/day of S. Cerevisiae yeast, a YW group (n=10) receiving 5 g/day of yeast wall (20% mannans, 20% β-glucans), and an SCYW group (n=10) receiving a combination of 5 g SC and 5 g YW. At calving, colostrum and blood samples were collected to measure calf serum IgG concentration using radial immunodiffusion (RID) and compare results with the %Brix refractometer. A one-way ANOVA assessed the effects of supplementation type, colostrum quality, and calf sex. A Spearman correlation test evaluated the %Brix refractometer as an indirect tool for IgG estimation. Results showed a significant improvement in passive immunity transfer with supplementation (P<0.001), particularly in the SC and SCYW groups (P<0.01). Colostrum quality had a significant effect, whereas calf sex had no impact. A positive correlation (r=0.536) was observed between RID and %Brix. In conclusion, supplementing dairy cows with yeast during the last month of pregnancy enhances passive immunity transfer. The %Brix refractometer is a viable alternative to RID for estimating serum IgG concentration and detecting FTPI cases. Keywords: Dairy cows; Supplementation; FTPI; Immunoglobulin; RID.

L'interdiction des antibiotiques favorisant la croissance (PCA) dans les régimes à base de produits laitiers en 2006 était principalement motivée par les inquiétudes des producteurs laitiers concernant la résistance aux antibiotiques, qui constitue une menace pour la santé humaine et animale. L’utilisation générale d’antibiotiques en agriculture conduit au développement de cultures bactériennes résistantes, réduisant leur efficacité dans le traitement des infections. Par ailleurs, la présence de résidus d’antibiotiques dans les produits d’origine animale suscite d’importantes préoccupations en termes de sécurité alimentaire et de santé des consommateurs. Ces déficits ont incité à rechercher des solutions alternatives qui peuvent maintenir et améliorer la santé et la productivité animales sans contribuer à ces problèmes. Les phytobiotiques sont considérés comme une alternative prometteuse aux antibiotiques. Ces composés naturels, constitués de diverses herbes, épices et plantes, sont reconnus depuis longtemps pour leurs bienfaits pour la santé. Historiquement appréciés pour leurs propriétés antimicrobiennes, anti-inflammatoires et digestives, ils sont aujourd’hui explorés pour des utilisations similaires en nutrition animale. Le regain d’intérêt pour les phytobiotiques reflète leur potentiel à répondre aux préoccupations croissantes concernant la résistance aux antibiotiques et la contamination chimique des produits alimentaires. Cette étude vise à faire le point sur les progrès de la recherche sur l'utilisation des phytobiotiques comme alternative aux antibiotiques chez les espèces monogastriques (ex : campagnol) et les ruminants (ex : bovins, ovins et chevaux). L’objectif est également d’évaluer leur impact sur d’autres facteurs que les performances animales, le bien-être et l’impact environnemental des pratiques agricoles. Des études antérieures ont montré que les phytobiotiques améliorent les performances animales en augmentant les taux de croissance, l’efficacité de la conversion alimentaire et la productivité globale. Ils jouent également un rôle crucial dans le maintien de la santé animale en stimulant les réponses immunitaires et la santé intestinale. De plus, l’utilisation de produits phytobiotiques a été associée à une réduction de l’impact environnemental de l’agriculture, notamment en réduisant les émissions de méthane chez les ruminants et en réduisant le besoin d’additifs chimiques de synthèse dans l’alimentation animale. Ces avantages soulignent le potentiel des phytobiotiques comme alternative durable et respectueuse de la santé aux antibiotiques conventionnels, à l’exception de leur volume.

This study investigated the efficacy of the isolated topical use of 2% dorzolamide eye drops three times a day compared to the combination of 100 µg/ml dexmedetomidine (originally formulated for injectable use and applied topically twice a day) associated with the use of 2% dorzolamide eye drops three times a day, in reducing intraocular pressure (IOP) in dogs diagnosed with glaucoma. A total of 29 dogs with glaucoma and IOP greater than 25 mmHg were selected based on specific clinical criteria of the disease. The dogs were divided into two groups: Group 1 (DORZO) included 12 animals that received only 2% dorzolamide eye drops every eight hours, and Group 2 (DEX DORZO) included 17 animals that received 2% dorzolamide eye drops every eight hours combined with 100 µg/ml dexmedetomidine applied topically every 12 hours. IOP measurements were taken on the day of the first clinical evaluation and again at 7 and 30 days after the glaucoma diagnosis. Vital parameters such as heart rate, respiratory rate, and systolic blood pressure were assessed before and 30 minutes after the topical application of dexmedetomidine. The results showed a significant reduction in IOP in eyes treated with dorzolamide alone (DORZO) and those treated with the combination of dexmedetomidine and dorzolamide (DEX DORZO). The DEX DORZO group had an average reduction of 35.99% (p = 0.001) in IOP at the end of the 30-day evaluation compared to a 20.32% reduction in the DORZO group (p = 0.6026). There were no statistically significant differences in the evaluated vital parameters, and no cases of blepharospasm or hyperemia were observed following medication administration in either group. In conclusion, the topical administration of dexmedetomidine twice daily, combined with dorzolamide eye drops, may be an effective and safe approach to reducing IOP in dogs with glaucoma. These results suggest the potential use of dexmedetomidine as an additional therapeutic option for the treatment of glaucoma in dogs, due to its alpha-2 adrenergic agonist action and the absence of significant adverse effects.

Resumo Estudos do nosso grupo revelaram que o tratamento com dose terapêutica de ivermectina em ratos adultos aumentou a expressão da caspase-3 e o número de túbulos que apresentaram células marcadas no lúmen tubular afetando o processo de homeostase natural testicular. Esses efeitos resultaram em comprometimentos da espermatogênese e da espermiogênese. Este estudo investigou se a exposição a uma dose terapêutica de ivermectina em idades jovem e peripúberals afetou a espermatogênese, a espermiogênese e a expressão da caspase-3 no testículo de ratos. Métodos: Ratos Wistar receberam duas doses de 1,0 mg/kg IVM ou solução salina a 0,9% aos 29 e 44 dias de idade. Aos 45 dias de idade, esses grupos foram eutanasiados, e os ratos e testículos foram pesados. Determinamos a avaliação macroscópica dos animais e a avaliamos por morfometria microscópica o epitélio seminífero. A apoptose do tecido testicular foi feita usando a metodologia de Caspase. O peso corporal do rato, o volume testicular, o peso relativo, o eixo maior e menor e a frequência de células de Leydig não diferiram entre os grupos. A altura tubular do epitélio aumentou em ratos tratados com ivermectina em comparação ao grupo controle. No grupo IVM, a análise histopatológica mostrou desorganização do epitélio germinativo, vacuolização, descamação de células no lúmen tubular e núcleos celulares contendo aspectos picnóticos. A ivermectina aumentou a expressão da caspase-3 em túbulos medianos e fortemente marcados, sugerindo possível dano testicular em idades jovens e peripuberais em ratos machos

Cães e gatos podem ser acometidos por diversos distúrbios gastrointestinais, como as enteropatias crônicas. Diante disso, as empresas pet food desenvolveram alimentos coadjuvantes para auxiliar no tratamento desses distúrbios. Dessa forma, objetivou-se analisar as concentrações de macronutrientes e ingredientes dos alimentos secos extrusados coadjuvantes destinadas a cães e gatos com distúrbios gastrointestinais disponíveis no Brasil. As pesquisas dos produtos foram feitas por meio de sites dos fabricantes e busca de termos booleanos na internet, sendo encontrados 11 alimentos coadjuvantes para distúrbios gastrointestinais para cães, de 6 marcas distintas, e 5 alimentos coadjuvantes para distúrbios gastrointestinais para gatos, de 5 marcas distintas. As concentrações proteicas (PB) variaram menos para cães (21 a 25% e 55,7 a 64,4 g/1000 kcal) e mais para gatos (30 a 40% e 72,8 a 97,8 g/1000 kcal). Entretanto, as concentrações de extrato etéreo (EE) variaram principalmente nos alimentos para cães, sendo 5% até 18% de EE (14,5 a 43,9 g/1000 kcal). As concentrações de fibra bruta (FB) também variaram principalmente nas dietas para cães (1,9 a 12,6% e 5 a 39,3 g/1000 kcal), devido às dietas específicas para animais com constipação ou diarreia responsiva a fibra. As principais fontes proteicas, lipídicas e de fibras para cães e gatos foram: farinha de vísceras de aves e ovo em pó; gordura de frango e óleo de peixe e polpa de beterraba e casca de psyllium. Portanto, os alimentos comerciais coadjuvantes para distúrbios gastrointestinais apresentam moderada PB, mas alta variação no EE e FB, principalmente para cães.

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a serious disease which lead to severe symptoms in humans with high mortality rate. The fact that Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever is asymptomatic in animals poses a danger. In last few years, there was an increase in the incidence of the (CCHF) in humans in Iraq. Current study conducted in the Wasit governorate in the middle of Iraq, making it the first in this region to address Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever. The study includes an investigation into the presence of antibodies for the Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) in sheep and goats using the (CCHF Double Antigen Multi-Species-CCHFDA ELISA KIT) To recognize the existence of IgG antibodies against the (CCHFV), as well as their correlation with the species, age, and sex of the animals. 196 samples of serum were collected from private farms and distributed in different areas of Wasit Governorate., which included 104 sheep and 92 goats. The results showed an overall seroprevalence rate of 37.2%, 35.6% in sheep, and 39.1% in goat. This indicates a serious warning and a likelihood of a rapid increase to spread to other areas, which directly impacts public health. Therefore, we recommend conducting further studies to investigate this disease more comprehensively, which will enhance our understanding of its nature and aid in developing programs to limit and control its spread.

Achatina fulica, (sinom. Lissachatina fulica) or commonly the African Giant Snail (AGS) appears among these exotic species invaders, originating from the East of Africa, and was introduced voluntarily or accidentally in more than 50 countries, which had a negative impact on biodiversity, ecosystems, agriculture and public health. This study aimed to confirm the presence of Achatina fulica in Paraguay and analyze feces, slime and lung tissue in the search of eggs, cysts and larvae of parasites. Fifty specimens were captured in the city of Presidente Franco, Paraguay. The presence of parasites was evaluated using routine parasitology techniques. The average weight was 21.61 grams and 6.26 cm in length. 93% (46/50) of the specimens had parasite eggs, larvae and cysts in fecal samples. No eggs or larvae were found in slime. In the analysis of the lung tissue, eggs and larvae of Strongylid type and Ascaris type was observed. AGS represents a potential threat to the biodiversity of the area and is considered as carrier of parasites. More studies at the molecular level of the larvae recovered are expected to be carried out in the future.