This study examines a critical challenge facing India's unorganized automotive aftersales sector, which comprises millions of local garages and roadside mechanics serving price-sensitive customers through affordable, accessible services. The sector faces existential threats from technological disruptions including electric vehicles that require fewer mechanical repairs, advanced driver-assistance systems demanding specialized calibration equipment, and software-defined vehicles necessitating diagnostic expertise beyond traditional mechanical skills. The study aims to develop a comprehensive theoretical framework guiding sector adaptation and survival strategies. The authors integrate five theoretical perspectives—Resource-Based View, Dynamic Capabilities Theory, Ecosystem Theory, Diffusion of Innovations Theory, and Human Capital Theory—to create a five-pillar framework addressing skill development, technology access, digital integration, policy support, and collaborative ecosystems. The proposed framework identifies interconnected adaptation strategies emphasizing coordinated action among stakeholders, including government bodies, original equipment manufacturers, and industry associations. Key recommendations include modular training programs for mechanics, subsidized access to diagnostic tools, simplified digital platforms for customer engagement, supportive regulatory frameworks, and strategic partnerships between organized and unorganized sector players. The research addresses a significant knowledge gap by providing strategic guidance for a sector employing millions while serving substantial portions of India's automotive service market. However, the framework remains purely conceptual without empirical validation with limited practical market inputs, limiting its immediate practical applicability, which needs to be done subsequently in future research work. The study contributes with theoretical foundations, while systematic methodology for integrating these five theoretical perspectives and their implementation effectiveness needs to be studied through empirical testing.

The Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru ranked as India’s top higher education institution under the 2024 National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF)-demonstrates academic and research excellence. However, the NIRF does not assess financial strategy, an essential component of long-term institutional sustainability. This study addresses that gap by analyzing IISc’s financial performance over a ten-year period (2014–2023). The analysis utilizes audited financial statements and employs trend analysis, compound annual growth rates (CAGR), financial ratio assessments, and income–expenditure composition breakdowns. The evaluation covers six key financial dimensions: revenue growth, expenditure management, net operating performance, capital investment, liquidity, and income diversification. The findings reveal a pattern of steady revenue growth, sustained capital investment, and consistent operating surpluses. Despite these strengths, IISc remains significantly dependent on government funding. Self-generated income has shown only modest improvement, highlighting a potential vulnerability in the face of shifting policy or funding environments. While IISc demonstrates strong financial management in several areas, its high dependency on external grants underscores the need for greater diversification of income sources. This study contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of financial performance in top-tier Indian universities and provides valuable insights for policymakers and administrators seeking to ensure long-term financial resilience alongside academic excellence.

This research paper examines the dividend payout trends of prominent Indian information technology (IT) sector firms over an eleven-year period, from the fiscal years 2013-2014 to 2023-2024. By analyzing the top ten dividend-paying IT companies-including both NIFTY 50 constituents and other significant players-the study reveals considerable fluctuations in the annual percentages of earnings distributed as dividends. The findings underscore that dividend policies within this dynamic sector are not uniform and are significantly influenced by individual company strategies, prevailing market conditions, and broader economic factors. Notably, while large-capitalization firms such as TCS, Infosys, and Tech Mahindra demonstrated a tendency toward more stable dividend pay-outs, mid-sized firms-particularly Info Edge-exhibited more erratic distribution patterns. The research also highlights the impact of external events, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, on dividend decisions, showcasing the sector’s responsiveness to economic disruptions and subsequent recoveries. Ultimately, the paper advocates for investors to adopt a long-term perspective when evaluating the financial performance and dividend policies of Indian IT companies, cautioning against relying solely on short-term annual figures due to the inherent cyclicality observed in dividend payouts within the sector. The application of trend analysis and the least squares trend model provides a robust quantitative framework for understanding these underlying patterns.

By the end of this decade, the global e-business industry is expected to be worth trillions of dollars. This highlights the importance of e-business as a key component of the modern digital economy. For the success of e-businesses, supply chain management (SCM) is critical for various reasons, such as ensuring the efficient flow of goods, information, and services. Therefore, understanding the role of SCM in e-business is essential for improvement. The aim of this review article is to examine the functions of SCM in e-business, including adaptability, efficiency, inventory management, cost reduction, customer satisfaction, technology integration, sustainability, collaborating partners, competitive advantage, and risk minimization. To achieve the objectives of this study, several Scopus-indexed articles were reviewed, particularly recent studies focusing on the various roles of SCM in e-businesses. These numerous roles of SCM address different challenges in e-business, such as sudden market changes, supplier disruptions, traceability issues, delivery processes, acquiring new customers, rising competition, inventory optimization, and technological advancements. By implementing certain strategies, these challenges can be mitigated to improve the success of e-businesses. These strategies include flexible sourcing, automation, maintaining adequate stock levels, market trend analysis, proactive responses, insurance, and technological adaptation. This paper explores several functions that can enhance SCM practices in e-businesses by addressing key challenges and achieving positive outcomes for e-businesses.

Integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) into educational management systems is widely acknowledged as a transformative approach that can enhance operational efficiency, decision-making processes, and personalized learning experiences. However, significant challenges and ethical considerations accompany these opportunities, underscoring the importance of understanding AI’s impact on educational institutions. This study explores the advantages and disadvantages of AI implementation in academic management, with a focus on identifying the opportunities, challenges, and ethical concerns associated with its use. A mixed-methods research design combined quantitative surveys and institutional performance data analysis with qualitative interviews and focus groups. The study involved 12 educational institutions with integrated AI tools, collecting insights from 150 survey respondents and 30 interviewees. The findings reveal that AI significantly improves operational efficiency, streamlines administrative tasks, and optimizes resource allocation. Additionally, AI positively impacts learning outcomes, leading to notable enhancements in student performance and engagement. However, challenges such as financial limitations, a scarcity of technical expertise, and resistance to change were identified, along with ethical concerns related to data privacy and algorithmic bias. In conclusion, while AI holds immense potential for revolutionizing educational management, successful implementation requires careful consideration of challenges and ethical implications. The study’s findings have significant implications for policymakers and academic leaders, indicating the need for strategic planning, investments in infrastructure, and the establishment of clear ethical guidelines to ensure that AI is deployed effectively and equitably.

Customer satisfaction is measured using the customers’ expectations with the performance of the goods or services that can meet the needs and desires of the customers. The purpose of this research study is to identify the factors which contribute most to customer satisfaction. This research is supported by Likert scale questionnaires which are distributed to 200 respondents who visited the store, and it is regarded as primary data. Secondary data were collected from published books, various published articles, and websites. Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics as well as exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. IBM SPSS 23 was used for data analysis, and the relatively important index is evaluated using Microsoft Excel and Microsoft Word 2016. Results obtained from the analysis exhibit 66% of buyers are pleased, and 34% of buyers are displeased with the services offered by the chosen retail store. By means of factor analysis, six underlying factors that increase client happiness greatly were found and defined as: Shopping Tendency, Ease of Shopping, Marketing Strategy, Demographic Factor, Competitive Excellence, and Shop Management. Regression analysis was performed, and it was observed that except for “Shopping Tendency” and “Marketing Strategy”, all other factors have a greater influence on “Overall Customer Satisfaction.

Forced by the existential crisis permeated by Ukraine War, economists were compelled to change the Treasury rates with fuel crisis aggrandizing its position. It is true that such a change forced by a black swan effect has created ambivalence as a result of which hurried and uncompromising makeover in the economic sector emerged which was relatable in the purchasing power of the people. Antediluvian scan of literature indicates that analysis of a topic of this nature has not been attempted whereas there have been numerous contributions on inflation. Studies carried out on efficacy of altering the Repo rates world all over leads us to the important point that aspirations of neither the industry nor the people are met because of the apocryphal attitude of major players such as administrative machinery and financial policy think-tanks. With inflationary trends the disparity has been widening disproportionately. Attempting to negate the inflationary trend without attempting to rectify the fiscal deficit issue is like a fish out of water having very less chance of surviving. Thus, it was found that such a study would be not only enriching and useful but also interesting giving approbation to inflationary trends which are coming too often in the present world. The findings will give an arcane insight on to the relevance of practicable methods to deal with problem and support further research on the subject. The methodology used has been archetypal descriptive study.

Millennials or Generation Y are people born between 1982 and 2004. Currently, they constitute a third of India’s population, and 46% of the current workforce. Millennials have begun investing at a much earlier age compared to their parents, suggests data from the latest YouGov-Mint Millennial Survey. This study is focusing on the preference of Investments by millennial working in IT sectors of Bengaluru city. It will be helpful to identify the different and better investment options that are available in the market. The research is restricted to factors perceived by the millennial investors when investing in various avenues of investment. Their level of choice, satisfaction, knowledge and problem severity were considered regarding the various aspects of investment avenues available in the study area. This research contributes to developing an understanding of Millennials’ financial planning and investment behaviour.