A BSTRACT Xanthomas are rare benign lesion in the gastrointestinal tract. Although it is rare, it is most commonly seen in antrum of the stomach. It is seen to be associated with early gastric cancers. We reported a case of 53-years-old male who presented with repeated bloating for 6 months. His blood sugar levels were raised. Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy revealed a polyp in fundus with erosions in the surrounding areas. On histopathological examination it was diagnosed as Xanthomatous polyp. The presence of gastric xanthoma can also predict the development of early gastric cancers and their sites. Thus, its correct diagnosis is of much importance.

A BSTRACT Background: Cefuroxime axetil, an effective second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic, requires valid analytical technique for bulk medication and tablet quality control. Aim and Objective: The current study developed a speedy, efficient, accurate, and cost-effective RP-HPLC (Reverse Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography) technology that has been developed and validated for the quantification of Cefuroxime axetil in bulk and pharmaceutical formulations using a C8 column. Materials and Methods: The chromatography method employed a Base Deactivated Silica(BDS)-Hyperil C8 column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 microns) with a mobile phase of acetonitrile and water at a 55:45 v/v ratio, at a flow rate of 1.025 ml/min. The method supports green principles was analyzed using a Shimadzu-LC-20AT HPLC system at a wavelength of 277 nm. The approach was assessed in accordance with ICH(International Council for Harmonisation) criteria. Results and Discussion: The results indicated the trustworthiness of the marketed formulation (cefakind 500 mg), with a purity of 99.09%. The retention time of Cefuroxime Axetil was 4.349 ± 0.02 minutes, with a correlation value ( R ²) of 0.9998, demonstrating excellent linearity within the 30-70 µg/mL range. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were 0.0180 µg/ml and 0.0546 µg/ml, respectively. The average recovery was 99.09%, guaranteeing exceptional precision. The approach demonstrated accuracy (% RSD = 0.06) and robustness against minor fluctuations in analytical conditions. The suggested RP-HPLC method is straightforward, swift, precise, accurate, and cost-effective, rendering it appropriate for regular quality control, dissolution analysis, and bioequivalence assessment of Cefuroxime axetil in pharmaceutical formulations.

A BSTRACT Context: Materiovigilance ensures the safe use of medical devices by monitoring, detecting, and preventing adverse events associated with them. The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into materiovigilance offers potential for enhanced real-time monitoring. However, healthcare professionals (HCPs) often exhibit gaps in knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) regarding AI in this domain. Aims: To assess and evaluate the change in KAP among HCPs regarding AI in materiovigilance before and after a structured educational intervention. Settings and Design: A pre-post interventional, questionnaire-based study was conducted among 80 HCPs at a tertiary care hospital. Subjects and Methods: A validated 24-item questionnaire was distributed via Google Forms. An information leaflet served as the intervention, designed using the BALD criteria and evaluated for readability (Flesch Readability Ease = 31, Flesch–Kincaid grade level = 10.5). Statistical Analysis Used: Pre- and postintervention data were statistically analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and effect size was measured using Cohen’s d . Results: The intervention led to significant improvements across all three domains. Awareness of materiovigilance rose from 53.75% to 97.5%, and knowledge about the Materiovigilance Programme of India increased from 62.5% to 100%. Positive attitudes towards AI’s role in reducing medical device-related errors improved from 47.5% to 100%. Practices such as participation in AI discussions and training showed significant gains ( P < 0.00001). Cohen’s d value of 1.10 indicated a large intervention effect. Conclusions: The educational intervention significantly improved HCPs’ KAP regarding AI in materiovigilance. Targeted training programs can bridge existing knowledge gaps and support AI integration in clinical device safety monitoring.

A BSTRACT This comprehensive review presents recent advancements in drying technologies, a fundamental aspect of drug delivery systems (NDDS) in pharmaceutical sciences. Representative drying technologies that improve the solubility, stability, and bioavailability of active pharmaceutical ingredients include spray drying, freeze-drying, supercritical fluid drying, vacuum drying, microwave drying, infrared drying, and fluidized bed drying. Spray drying excels among the mentioned technologies for lipidic drug delivery systems production, generating amorphous solid dispersion and inhalation formulations. Freeze-drying possesses well-founded benefits of maintaining the integrity of thermolabile compounds. Supercritical fluid techniques also provide a solvent-less approach to nanoparticle formulations. Newer technologies, such as microwave drying and fluidized bed drying, have improved the process efficiency, production speed, and product quality of the resulting NDDS. Finally, we sought to briefly review how and what benefits from drying technologies would be improved by integrating with other NDDS approaches, specifically through self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems to help address drug solubility or targeted therapy. Overall, the culmination and adoption of these technological advances reflect an essential change in pharmaceutical and NDDS practices; it presents opportunities for future research and engineering of NDDS developments.

Background: About 2%–3% of all adult malignancies diagnosed worldwide are renal cell carcinomas (RCCs), the most prevalent kind of renal malignancy. Renal tumors include a wide range of benign and malignant lesions, and the patterns of these lesions differ in adults and children. The most common renal tumor in childhood is Wilms tumor. Aim and Objective: The aim of this study was to examine different types of renal tumors, their incidence, and their histomorphological characteristics, as well as their relation to the patient’s age and sex. Results: During our study period of 2 years, 60 kidney tumors were examined. Fifty-two (86.6%) of the cases were malignant, of which 38 (73.1%) were clear cell RCC. There were also three cases of high-grade urothelial carcinoma of the renal pelvis (5.7%), two cases of papillary cell RCC (3.8%), and one case of pleomorphic sarcoma (1.9%). With a peak occurrence between the ages of 2 and 5, a total of 8 (15.3%) cases were identified as Wilms tumors. Eight (13.3%) cases of benign neoplasms were found; angiomyolipomas in 4 (50%) cases and mixed epithelial and stromal tumors in 4 (50%) cases. Conclusion: With clear-cell RCC being the most frequent malignant tumor in adults, malignant renal tumors considerably exceeded benign renal tumors. In pediatric age groups, Wilms tumor was the most common malignancy. For the diagnosis, staging, and proper treatment of renal tumors, histopathological evaluation is crucial. Immunohistochemistry is an ancillary tool to accurately subtype kidney tumors.