Introduction: Recent advances in well-being research emphasize its multifaceted nature, traditionally defined by hedonic and eudaimonic approaches. However, growing cross-cultural and empirical studies suggest this dichotomy may be insufficient to capture the diversity and complexity of human flourishing. This study investigates harmony as a distinct and essential dimension of well-being beyond life satisfaction and meaning in life. Methods: Drawing on culturally diverse samples–U.S. adults ( n = 320, median age = 45) and Hong Kong university students ( n = 353, median age = 21)–assessed with identical measures (satisfaction with life scale, presence of meaning subscale, and life harmony scale), this preregistered study applied confirmatory factor analysis and exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) to compare one-, two-, and three-factor models encompassing life satisfaction, meaning in life, and life harmony. Results: Across both samples, the three-factor ESEM provided a better fit than alternative models (U.S. sample: comparative fit index [CFI] =0.996, Tucker–Lewis index [TLI] =0.987, root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA] =0.043; Hong Kong sample: CFI = 0.977, TLI = 0.931, RMSEA = 0.078), supporting a tripartite model of well-being. Harmony correlated moderately with life satisfaction and meaning, suggesting it functions as a related yet distinct dimension of well-being. Conclusion: The findings provide empirical evidence for the unique contribution of harmony alongside life satisfaction and meaning. This underscores the importance of expanding well-being frameworks to include culturally sensitive constructs and suggests a more inclusive and integrative approach to conceptualizing and operationalizing well-being, one that moves beyond the hedonia–eudaimonia dichotomy and opens new directions for well-being research, measurements, and interventions.

Introduction: The relationship between sleep quality and shift work schedules among nurses remains unclear. To assess sleep parameters across different shifts, with particular focus on a rapid-rotating shift pattern (completing afternoon→morning→night shifts within 40 hours, termed “PAN pattern”). Methods: Utilizing a cross-sectional design and census sampling, this 7-day actigraphy study included 201 nurses (41.0% PAN pattern) and 100 daytime office workers in Hong Kong (2022.06–2023.02). Mixed-effects models analyzed sleep parameters, adjusting for covariates. Results: PAN pattern nurses were younger (mean age 32.2 years), had fewer years of employment (averagely 9.3 years) compared to non-PAN pattern nurses, along with more disrupted rest-activity circadian rhythms. All shifts, except day shifts, disrupted sleep regularity ( P < 0.001). A 0.25-h decrease ( P = 0.047) in wake after sleep onset was observed on nonworkdays postafternoon shifts compared to other nonworkdays. Notably, PAN pattern nurses experienced a 1.01-h reduction in total sleep time (TST) on morning shifts ( P < 0.001) compared to daytime office workers. However, they showed 21% increased sleep efficiency on nonworkdays postnight shifts ( P = 0.037) compared to other nonworkdays. Non-PAN nurses exhibited a 53-min reduction in TST on the nonworkday postafternoon shifts ( P = 0.014) than on other nonworkdays. Conclusion: Shift work impairs nurses’ sleep quality, with the rapid-rotating PAN pattern compromises workday sleep but shows selective nonworkday recovery benefits, whereas non-PAN pattern incurs sustained sleep deficits on nonworkdays. The findings demonstrated the critical need for tailored shift scheduling that accounted for these differential sleep impacts, providing nurse managers with evidence to optimize shift arrangements.

Introduction: Emotional abuse and neglect are among the most underestimated forms of child maltreatment, carrying serious long-term mental health consequences. This meta-analysis synthesizes evidence on the prevalence, risk factors, and outcomes of emotional abuse and neglect among children in Arab countries. Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library, from inception to May 2025, for studies reporting emotional abuse or neglect in Arabian children. Eligibility criteria included studies reporting prevalence, risk factors, or consequences in participants <20 years; studies not assessing emotional abuse or neglect or conducted in conflict settings were excluded. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. Synthesis of results was performed using random-effects meta-analysis. Results: A total of 41 studies, predominantly cross-sectional and mainly from Saudi Arabia and Egypt, were included, representing 50,862 individuals. Lebanon (64%) and Yemen (63%) reported the highest rates of emotional abuse, with a pooled prevalence of 46% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 35%–56%; I 2 = 99.9%). Emotional neglect was most common in Tunisia (61%), with a pooled prevalence of 42% (95% CI: 33%–51%). Significantly identified risk factors included parental divorce, low parental education levels, and exposure to violence. Behavioral disorders, suicidal ideation, and physical harm were frequently reported outcomes. Conclusion: The prevalence of emotional abuse and neglect among children in Arab countries is high, comparable to or exceeding that of other global regions. Culturally grounded preventive strategies, including parent education and strengthening protective systems, are needed to safeguard children’s well-being.

Abstract Introduction: Drowning is the leading cause of death among children aged 1–17 years in rural Bangladesh. Despite substantial progress in reducing infectious disease mortality–from 54 per 100,000 in 2011 to 23.62 per 100,000 in 2021–child drowning remains overlooked. This study aims to identify risk factors associated with childhood drowning deaths in two geographically distinct regions: the northern mainland and Sandwip Island. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between January and March 2024. A total of 322 households were selected using purposive sampling. Face-to-face interviews were conducted, and data were analyzed using logistic regression models to examine sociodemographic, environmental, and caregiving risk factors associated with childhood drowning deaths. Results: Children in Sandwip Island had a higher risk of drowning death compared to those in the northern mainland (odds ratio [OR] = 2.10). Among drowning victims, 75.16% were under 4 years old. Children under grandparental care had 2.12 times higher odds of drowning death. Boys were more likely to experience drowning incidents, yet mortality was higher among girls (66.10% vs. 60.78%). Higher parental education levels were associated with lower drowning mortality. Households using open water as a usual showering place had lower drowning deaths than those using tubewells or indoor washrooms (OR = 0.50). Conclusion: Findings highlight the need for targeted interventions, including improved supervision in high-risk areas, enhanced water safety measures, and caregiver education programs.

Abstract Introduction: Smartphone addiction, emotional regulation, and social isolation (SI) are highlighted as key contributing factors to psychological distress (PD). The study investigates whether emotion regulation mediates the link between SI and PD among Chinese university students, and examines potential differences between family and friend isolation, considering cultural context. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in May 2024 and June 2024 with 1276 undergraduates (mean age = 19.94 years) in Henan Province, China, using purposive sampling. Participants completed validated measures of SI (family and friends), PD, smartphone addiction, and emotion regulation strategies. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling was used for analyzing the data. Results: Both family SI (β = −0.056, P < 0.05) and friend SI (β = −0.191, P < 0.05) were significantly associated with PD. Friend SI significantly influenced PD through inhibition (β = −0.081, P < 0.05), and a similar pattern was found for family SI (β = −0.043, P < 0.05). Inhibition significantly mediated these relationships, suggesting that students who suppress emotional expression may experience greater PD when socially isolated. Cognitive reappraisal showed no significant mediating effect (β = 0.002, P > 0.05; β = −0.001, P > 0.05). Conclusions: Inhibition, as a maladaptive strategy, may heighten PD among socially isolated students with smartphone addiction. Improving adaptive regulation techniques may provide some protection. The findings support the development of targeted interventions to improve students’ emotion regulation skills and reduce psychological risks in excessive smartphone use and socially disconnected contexts.

Abstract Introduction: The Hajj pilgrimage, while spiritually meaningful, presents numerous psychosocial stressors that can adversely affect pilgrims’ mental health. Gender-specific vulnerabilities remain underexplored in Southeast Asian contexts. This study investigates sociodemographic, behavioral, and psychosocial determinants of stress among Indonesian pilgrims, with a gender-stratified focus. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 5362 Hajj pilgrims from North Sumatra during the 2024 Hajj season. Data were collected at embarkation sites using structured questionnaires assessing demographic variables, health behaviors, and psychosocial factors. Stress levels were measured using the Perceived Stress Scale-10 and dichotomized as mild versus moderate to severe. Bivariate analyses and multivariable logistic regressions were conducted, including gender-stratified models. Results: Males had significantly higher odds of experiencing moderate-to-severe stress than females (odds ratio [OR] = 1.22, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.01–1.46]). Middle-aged (40–60 years) and older (>60 years) pilgrims were at elevated stress risk, particularly among men. Among females, higher education was associated with greater stress (OR = 1.64, 95% CI [1.12–2.40]). Marriage was a protective factor, more so for males. Surprisingly, both high life satisfaction (OR = 5.97, 95% CI [4.21–8.47]) and frequent exercise (OR = 1.28, 95% CI [1.05–1.56]) were linked to higher stress levels, defying conventional assumptions. Conclusion: The study highlights the complex and gendered nature of stress among Hajj pilgrims, challenging conventional mental health paradigms. Tailored interventions addressing gender roles, age-specific needs, and culturally embedded expectations are essential. Integrating culturally sensitive, gender- and age-responsive counseling into pre-Hajj programs is crucial to enhancing pilgrim mental well-being.

Abstract Introduction: The study aimed to evaluate whether the association of sedentary behavior on suicide risk differs by sex and the modifying roles of social support and universal health coverage (UHC) index. Methods: We analyzed data from the Global School-based Student Health Survey across 53 countries (2013–2022). We examined the associations between sedentary time and suicide behaviors by binary logistic regression models and explored the modifying roles of social support by restricted cubic spline analysis. Stratified analyses were conducted based on overall social support and UHC groups. Results: A total of 190,329 adolescents (53.6% of girls) aged 12–17 years were included. The prevalence of suicidal ideation, plans, and attempts increased with daily sedentary time, with a more pronounced increase observed among girls. In boys, sedentary time of >8 h was associated with a 44% increase in higher risk suicide behavior (odds ratio [OR]: 1.44, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.36–1.53), while in girls, the increase was 88% (OR: 1.88, 95% CI: 1.79–1.97). In addition, compared to those with high support, both boys and girls with low social support showed a more pronounced increase in the risk of suicide behaviors as sedentary time increased. However, stratified analysis by UHC showed no significant differences between sedentary time and suicidal behavior among different social support groups. Conclusions: This study underscores the significant association between sedentary time and suicide behaviors among adolescents, particularly in girls. Furthermore, bolstering social support systems emerges as a promising approach to alleviate the negative associations of sedentary behavior.

Introduction: Amphetamine use among Thai adolescents poses significant public health challenges. Identifying mechanisms that boost resilience against amphetamine use is essential for effective prevention and intervention. This study examined how social support mediates the relationship between psychological protective factors and resilience to amphetamine use in Thai youth. Methods: Data from a 2014 to 2015 cross-sectional study aimed to develop a standardized instrument for assessing amphetamine use resistance among Thai adolescents. Purposive sampling included ages 12–24 years undergoing treatment for diagnosed amphetamine use disorder at four Thai drug addiction hospitals. General linear mediation modeling examined social support as a mediator between self-esteem, coping skills, and resilience to amphetamine use. Results: The mean age of 19.92 years (standard deviation: 2.76). Resilience to amphetamine use positively correlated with self-esteem, self-coping, friend support, and family support. Self-esteem had a significant total effect on resilience (β =0.2609, P < 0.001), partially mediated by family support (β =0.1232, P = 0.002), but not friend support (β = −0.0005, P = 0.977). Friend support positively correlated with resilience, but self-esteem had no significant relationship with friend support (a: β = −0.0016, P = 0.976). Coping skills significantly affected resilience (β =0.5717, P < 0.001), partially mediated by family and friend support. Conclusion: This study highlights the significance of considering psychological protective factors and social support when addressing resilience to amphetamine use among Thai adolescents. These results underscore the importance of comprehensive interventions targeting both psychological factors and social support systems to foster resilience in adolescents at risk of amphetamine use.