This paper examines the nature of traditional administration in pre-colonial Akokoland. Contrary to the view that traditional Yoruba society and other African peoples carried out their activities without planning because they were non-literate; there is sufficient evidence that pre-colonial Akokoland had dynamic patterns and result oriented models of administration. Prior to European colonialism, Akoko society was structurally arranged and positively administered for the benefit of the people of the region. The method of data analysis employed in the study is the historical approach of simple, descriptive and analysis of historical data. The paper concludes that pre-colonial Akokoland and African states generally had their own unique models or systemic pattern of governance before the commencement of colonial enterprise. The paper, therefore recommends that pre-colonial history of various communities in Nigeria, including Akokoland should be given more scholarly attention in order to preserve indigenous culture and to show that the people had a history worthy of study before the era of colonisation.

In Goiás, many cities founded in the mining cycle (colonial period) did not have their heritage recognized, restored or maintained by organs and institutions of preservation, leaving few assets in the urban area. In these cities, history reconstructs the process whereby modern values were fixed in the backcountry. The purpose of this paper is to expose the context of analysis of Goiás’s heritage in relation to the colonial urbanization’s specificity in this Brazilian state, thus showing how their condition of negligence is the result of processes that can be contextualized in history. The permanence of heritage, however, is latent and does not express itself only through historical materialities maintained in urban space, but above all, by the symbolic practices that nurture this space. The general objective of the doctoral thesis that bases this article, therefore, is to unveil the forms of resistance of the cultural heritage in the cities established for research in Goiás (Pilar, Crixás and Porangatu), as well as the sense of place (placeness) attributed by memory in the symbolic-affective relation of the populations with their heritage.

This article aims to discuss about the rediscovery and reinterpretation of the Eastern Monasticism focusing on the Female gender, showing a magnificent area to be explored and that can foment, in a very positive way, a further understanding of the Church's face, carved by time, through the expansion and modes of organization of these groups of women. This article contains three main sessions: understanding the concept of monasticism, desert; a small narrative about the early ascetic/monastic life in the New Testament; Macrina and Mary of Egypt's monastic life.

What was the function of classical Athenian courts? Did they intend to enforce the rule of law? The greatest obstacle to accepting an affirmative answer is the wide use of, at first sight and from a modern (sometimes anachronistic) perspective, remotely relevant argumentation by litigants. In this paper, by reference to Greek ideas of personality, I analyse and demonstrate the legal relevance of extra-legal argumentation in classical Athenian courts, using as a case study the widely criticised invocation of liturgies (public services) by litigants. In particular, by applying a model of human action and ethical motivation which is more appropriate to the Greeks (rather that the unsuitable for the ancient context Cartesian/ Kantian), a better understanding of forensic rhetoric and argumentation is achieved. Therefore, in accordance with Greek psychology, the admittedly liberal approach to legal relevance of the Athenian courts was a calculated step towards the attainment of legal justice and the rule of law as the Athenians perceived it.

This study examines how the Japanese used dance to spread propaganda during the Sino-Japanese War in the 1940s. It focuses on three dancers: Choe Seung-hui, Tsai Jui-yueh, and Lee Tsia-oe. All three were natives of either Korea or Taiwan, which were occupied by the Japanese. Both in Japan and in Japanese-occupied portions of China, Japanese dance companies entertained the Japanese army and artisans working in munitions factories. Colonized Taiwanese and Korean dancers participated in these dance companies, giving them a means of passing on their own ethnic cultures, even though they were performing on behalf of the Japanese empire. After the war, these dancers helped to popularize modern dance in their respective countries. However, during the political transitions of the Korean War and the White Terror in Taiwan, some dancers' activity was suppressed because of their prior cooperation with Japanese imperialism.

An earlier paper presented to the ATINER Visual Performing Arts Conference in 2013 entitled "Augmented Reality iPhone/iPad App Development to Visualise Roman Leicester (Ratae Corieltavorum) described the research, design and development of a GPS location based mobile app which showed 3D reconstructions of buildings and objects in Roman Leicester (Ratae Corieltavorum) focusing on the period around 210 A.D. This development was part of the Virtual Romans project which began in 2008 whose aim was to explore the potential for using creative technologies to present life in Roman Leicester. In this follow on paper we describe the launch of the app and its subsequent evaluation with museum visitors in 2014. The results of the evaluation indicate that GPS inaccuracies can lead to low immersion, inconvenience and a reduced visitor experience. However the results also indicate that these digital technologies can be particularly engaging and exciting for children in terms of heritage interpretation. 1 5.

The rock monuments of the Hittites, sometimes with impressive descriptions, still continue to remind us of the 2nd millennium B.C. in many parts of Anatolia. As a result of the determination of parallelisms between the rock monuments, their location, depictions, inscriptions and the data obtained from them with cuneiform texts; it was observed that they have political and cultural connotations and suggest important ideas about historical geography. Similarly to other Ancient civilizations, religion is intensively observed in every field of human life in the Hittites and coeval societies. This case was undoubtedly reflected on the rock monuments, both the depictions and all the hieroglyph inscriptions were presented in this sense. The rock monuments which can be confronted individually in different places of Anatolia, from West to East, are regarded as the sign representing and emphasizing the sovereignty of the Hittite Empire in some places and as the sign of existence of local principalities under the domination of this political force in others. In addition to the meaning mentioned above; the rock monuments which are located in the area from Kayseri to Cukurova and then towards North Syria are considered as the signs of the transportation route used at that period.

in Wroclaw have in their possession important works of Greek, Etruscan and Roman art that are remains of the extensive collection of the 19 th century. Wroclaw architect and collector Eduard Schaubert, during his stay in Greece (1830 -1850), had travelled throughout the country and gathered objects of ancient art. He also bought a few works during his travel to Italy. Thus, Schaubert collected this impressive set of 300 works of ancient art. After his death in 1861, his collection was donated to the Archaeological Museum in Breslau. Unfortunately, most of the antiques from Schaubert's collection perished after the World War II and they are now considered missing. Only 29 objects remained, among which are masterpieces of Greek bronze work, Attic and south Italian vases and architectural fragments with traces of the original polychrome. The very high artistic quality of preserved objects shows Schaubert's excellent knowledge of ancient Greek art. Luckily having survived the turmoil of the war, these artifacts have filled a major gap in Polish collections of ancient art which would have been poor otherwise. However, despite their great significance for our knowledge of ancient art, these objects have not yet been adequately elaborated. 1 Among the ancient objects kept in the National Museum in Warsaw and the University Museum in Wroclaw there exist works of Greek, Etruscan and Roman art that have been identified as remnants of the 19 th century collection of Eduard Schaubert, a German architect and collector born in Wroclaw 2 . The impressive set of antiques was collected in his numerous travels in Greece during his stay in the country between 1830 and 1850. Most of the objects from Schaubert's collection are nowadays considered missing, while its creator has also been forgotten. The situation has changed only recently thanks to the International Conference held in Berlin in 2010 on the occasion of the 150th anniversary of his death 3 as well as to the publications by Alexander Papageorgiou-Venetas 4 and Urszula Boczuk-Dawidziuk 5 devoted to him.