Pregnancy is a critical period for emotional adjustment in expectant couples. Antenatal depression in pregnant women is associated with significant risks to maternal and infant health and warrants research attention. The mental health of expectant fathers during this period, which is equally important, remains relatively overlooked. Antenatal stress and marital satisfaction may be associated with antenatal depression through interpersonal dynamics within couples. This study examined the relationships among antenatal stress, marital satisfaction, and antenatal depression within the couple dyad, and tested whether marital satisfaction mediates this association. This cross-sectional study enrolled 244 couples at a maternal and child health hospital in China. Participants completed the Perceived Stress Scale, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, and Quality of Marriage Index. The Actor-Partner Interdependence Model extended to Mediation was employed to analyze dyadic data, assessing both actor and partner effects. Structural equation modeling with bootstrap resampling was used to estimate direct and indirect effects. Significant gender differences were found in antenatal stress, marital satisfaction, and antenatal depression (P < 0.001), with pregnant women reporting higher levels. The APIMeM revealed significant actor effects: individuals' antenatal stress was positively associated with their own depression (β = 0.361, P < 0.001) and negatively associated with their own marital satisfaction (β=-0.065, P = 0.008). Individuals' marital satisfaction was negatively associated with their own depression (β=-0.116, P < 0.001). A significant partner effect was observed between individuals' stress and partners' depression (β = 0.048, P = 0.009). Marital satisfaction mediated the actor effect of stress on depression in wives (indirect effect β = 0.008, P = 0.005) but not in husbands. Additionally, marital satisfaction significantly mediated the partner effect of husbands' stress on wives' depression (indirect effect β = 0.005, P = 0.023). Individual antenatal stress was directly associated with both one's own and one's spouse's antenatal depression (actor and partner effects). Marital satisfaction was associated with the actor effect of antenatal stress on depression for wives, as well as the partner effect of husbands' stress on wives' depression. These findings suggest that early identification of stressors, promotion of positive marital interactions, and attention to emotional exchanges between partners are relevant to better antenatal mental health outcomes.

Adolescent mental problems are complex and increasingly prevalent. Parenting style is a key modifiable factor, yet differences between maternal and paternal influences remain underexplored. A cohort of 8,842 Chinese adolescents underwent dual-wave assessments (Sep 2022 to Sep 2023). Parenting styles were assessed using short Chinese version of the Egna Minnen av Barndoms Uppfostra scale. Mental problems were assessed using Mental Health Inventory of Middle School Students, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, and Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Mixed-effect models explored associations between parenting styles and adolescent' mental problems. Latent transition analysis modeled mental problem profile dynamics. Both paternal and maternal rejection and overprotection were associated with increased risks of multiple mental problems, whereas emotional warmth was protective. Latent profile analysis across ten domains (academic stress, maladjustment, hostility, psychological imbalance, interpersonal sensitivity, emotional instability, compulsiveness, paranoia, depression and anxiety) identified three profiles: low (L), moderate (M), and severe (S). Notably, paternal emotional warmth significantly improved overall mental problem trajectories (e.g. M→L: odds ratio [OR], 1.62; 95%CI, 1.19-2.21), whereas maternal rejection and over-protection predicted deterioration (e.g. L→M: rejection; OR, 2.52; 95% CI, 1.83-3.49 vs. over-protection; OR, 1.81; 95%CI, 1.29-2.54), with maternal rejection exerting the stronger adverse association. Maternal and paternal parenting styles exerted distinct influences on adolescent mental problems. Father's emotional warmth was associated with more favorable overall mental problem trajectories, while maternal rejection and over-protection predicted poorer outcomes, particularly the rejection. These findings suggest that interventions should differentiate between maternal and paternal roles when addressing adolescent mental problems.

Visual attention in complex environments is shaped by multiple stimulus characteristics, yet most studies have examined only one or two features at a time. Eye-tracking combined with a change blindness paradigm offers a sensitive way to evaluate how different visual features guide the detection of changes in naturalistic scenes. This study aimed to validate visual stimuli with varying characteristics and to determine which factors are most significantly associated with visual attention. Fifty university students viewed pairs of real-world scenes while their gaze behavior was recorded using an eye tracking system. Participants were required to detect a single changed item across image pairs. Four visual characteristics were manipulated: social versus nonsocial content, number of distractors, congruency, and level of interest (central vs. marginal). Response times varied significantly across all characteristics. Faster detection was observed for social stimuli, scenes with fewer distractors, congruent changes, and items of central interest. Linear mixed-effects models (LMMs) revealed that level of interest was the strongest predictor of response time, followed by the number of distractors, congruency, and social content. Eye-tracking measures, particularly response time to detect change, demonstrated that central interest and fewer distractors were the strongest predictors of visual attention. These findings accentuate the complexity of visual attention and highlight its potential impact on interpreting environmental stimuli and the broader effects on academic performance and daily functioning.

To improve psychological care among middle-aged and older patients with breast cancer in China, more information is needed on social capital, posttraumatic growth (PTG), and depression among breast cancer patients in China. To identify the relationships among social capital, PTG, and depression among middle-aged and older patients with breast cancer and determine whether PTG statistically accounts for the indirect association between social capital and depression. This cross-sectional study was conducted between January and September 2023. The individual social capital scale, 21-item Posttraumatic Growth Inventory, and 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire were used to assess the social capital, PTG, and depression of the participants, respectively, using the sociodemographic and disease-related data provided by the participants. The bootstrap method was used to estimate the indirect association through PTG using IBM SPSS Amos Statistics 26. Depression was significantly and negatively correlated with social capital (p < .05) and PTG (p < .01). Moreover, the direct association between social capital and depression was non-significant once PTG was introduced into the model (β = - 0.071, p > .05), while the indirect association via PTG remained statistically significant (effect = - 0.054; 95%CI: - 0.100 to - 0.014), indicating an indirect-only mediation pattern in which the association between social capital and depression was statistically explained by the indirect pathway through PTG. The findings suggest that although social capital was not directly associated with depression among middle-aged and older patients with breast cancer, its association with reduced depression was observed through the statistical mediation of PTG. These results provide preliminary evidence for the importance of prioritizing the mental health care for breast cancer patients in China, and underscore the need for targeted intervention strategies that enhance social capital and PTG in concert, as PTG represents a potential intermediary pathway that is associated with the link between social resources and reduced depressive symptoms.

This cross‑sectional study examined the associations of national identity with social connectedness among Chinese college students with disabilities, testing social media use motives and use diversity as multiple mediators. Data were drawn from 527 valid survey responses, with participants completing validated scales assessing national identity, social connectedness, social media use motives, and social media use diversity. All analyses controlled for key demographic covariates, and indirect effects were estimated using bias‑corrected bootstrap methods. Bivariate associations were examined with Pearson correlations, and multiple mediation effects were tested using bias‑corrected bootstrap methods with 5,000 resamples. National identity was significantly and positively associated with social media use motives, and significantly and negatively associated with use diversity. Social media use motives were significantly and positively associated with social connectedness, while the association between use diversity and social connectedness was non-significant. National identity had no significant direct association with social connectedness, but its total indirect effect was significant-only the mediating path of use motives was statistically valid (the other two paths were non-significant). In essence, national identity is linked to these students' social connectedness primarily through its positive association with social media use motives. This study enriches theoretical research on the drivers of social connectedness for this group and provides empirical evidence for improving their social integration via national identity education and targeted social media guidance.

Fear of missing out (FoMO) has been recognized as a core factor contributing to problematic behaviors in adolescents. Yet little is known about what predicts FoMO and who is more vulnerable to it. Using two annual waves of longitudinal data from Dutch adolescents aged 11 to 17 years (n = 2,612, Mage = 13.94, 47% girls), this study examined the predictive roles of mental and social well-being, self-control, and self-value, social media use intensity and gender included as potential moderators. Results indicated that lower mental well-being, lower perceived social competence, and higher levels of narcissism predicted higher FoMO, regardless of social media use intensity levels or gender. These findings highlight key psychological and social predictors of adolescent FoMO.

Community health workers (CHWs) frequently operate in resource-limited rural environments where high work demands and persistent psychosocial stressors may challenge psychological functioning. Guided by the Biopsychosocial Model, this study examined how individual health, social support, life stress, and burnout are associated with self-actualization-conceptualized here as a growth-oriented dimension of positive psychological functioning, which may overlap with broader eudaimonic well-being constructs, rather than as a fully distinct or independent domain. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 328 CHWs employed in Hualien County, Taiwan. Validated instruments were adapted to assess self-rated health, perceived social support, life stress, and burnout components. To avoid construct redundancy with the growth-oriented outcome, the reduced personal accomplishment dimension of burnout was excluded from the primary analysis. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were performed to examine the incremental associations of biopsychosocial factors with self-actualization while controlling for demographic variables. Given that all variables were collected using self-report measures at a single time point, potential common method variance cannot be ruled out. The 2014 dataset provides a theoretically informative pre-pandemic baseline for understanding relatively stable patterns of psychological functioning in a rural health workforce. Self-actualization was positively associated with better self-rated health (β = 0.22, p < .01) and higher perceived social support (β = 0.28, p < .001). Emotional exhaustion (β = -0.15, p < .05) and depersonalization (β = -0.20, p < .01) were significantly and negatively associated with self-actualization. Life stress also showed a modest but significant negative association (β = -0.15, p < .05). The final model explained 39% of the variance in self-actualization, indicating a meaningful level of explained variance, with health and social resources contributing the largest proportion of incremental explanatory power. The findings indicate that health resources and supportive social environments are closely associated with higher levels of growth-oriented psychological functioning among rural CHWs, whereas psychological strain-particularly emotional and relational depletion-is concurrently associated with lower self-actualization. These findings should be interpreted within a broader eudaimonic well-being framework rather than as evidence of a fully distinct construct. By providing a pre-pandemic reference point, the study offers insight into relatively stable psychosocial mechanisms that may inform future research and intervention design, underscoring the importance of organizational contexts that enhance support and reduce strain to support sustained positive psychological growth in rural community health settings.

Panic disorder (PD) is associated with altered interoceptive experience, but it remains unclear how self-reported interoception relates to neurophysiological indices of bodily-signal processing. This study examined whether associations between self-reported interoception and resting-state electroencephalography (EEG) markers differ between participants with PD and healthy controls (HC). This analysis included 19 PD participants and 21 HCs from a previously published resting-state EEG dataset. Self-reported interoception was assessed using the Body Perception Questionnaire-Very Short Form (BPQ-VSF) and the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness (MAIA). Resting-state EEG signals were recorded during eyes-closed and eyes-open conditions. Heartbeat-evoked potentials (HEP) and relative band power (RBP) were extracted to index cardiac-related cortical processing and frequency-specific resting-state activity. Associations between self-report measures and EEG indices were examined using Pearson correlations with 95% confidence intervals, Bayes factors, and false-discovery-rate (FDR) correction across scalp regions within predefined analysis families. Age-adjusted sensitivity analyses and group × self-report interaction models were used to assess robustness and formally test group differences in association patterns. Compared with HCs, PD participants reported higher body-focused attention and lower scores on several adaptive interoceptive dimensions, including Not-Distracting, Not-Worrying, and Trusting. In the 235-301 ms HEP window, age-adjusted interaction models showed that BPQ-VSF HEP coupling differed between groups, especially under eyes-open conditions. Within-group analyses showed an exploratory opposite-direction BPQ-VSF HEP pattern, with positive associations in HC and negative associations in PD. The clearest FDR-corrected HEP association within panic disorder involved Not-Worrying under eyes closed. RBP analyses showed PD-concentrated θ (theta)- and β (beta)-band association profiles. Trusting was positively associated with θ power in PD, and BPQ-VSF showed positive β-band associations under eyes closed that remained robust after age adjustment. Not-Distracting showed negative θ-band associations in the primary correlation analyses, but these were attenuated after controlling for age. These findings provide preliminary FDR-controlled and age-informed evidence that PD involves altered, condition- and frequency-dependent mappings between subjective bodily experience and resting-state EEG markers. The clearest formal group-difference evidence was observed for BPQ-VSF HEP coupling, whereas PD-specific associations were most robust for Not-Worrying-HEP, Trusting-θ power, and BPQ-VSF β power. Given the modest sample size and exploratory correlational design, replication in larger samples is needed.

This study aims to validate the suitability of the Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology Self-Report (IDS-SR) for evaluating mood disorders in older adults with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). A total of 1670 participants aged ≥ 50 years were included (531 males; mean age 65.79 ± 7.39 years). Construct validity of the IDS-SR was evaluated using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Criterion validity was examined using Pearson correlation analyses between IDS-SR scores and scores on the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) and the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was conducted to determine the ability of the IDS-SR and its subscales to distinguish mood disorders in SCD and MCI. Cronbach's α and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were employed to assess the reliability of the scale. The EFA demonstrated that the major factors explained 47.722% of the total variance. The CFA confirmed a three-factor model of the IDS-SR and indicated good construct validity. The fit indices were as follows: chi-square/degree of freedom (χ2/df) = 3.316, root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.054, goodness of fit index (GFI) = 0.945, adjusted goodness-of-fit index (AGFI) = 0.928, comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.921, incremental fit index (IFI) = 0.922, and Tucker-Lewis index (TLI) = 0.908. The total Cronbach's α was 0.839. The ICC for the total scale was 0.952. The IDS-SR scale is a reliable and valid screening tool for detecting mood disorders in older adults with SCD and MCI. This study provides the first validation of the scale in this population.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by marked heterogeneity in sensory processing, self-regulation, and executive functioning during early childhood. Pharmacological treatments are widely used to manage behavioral symptoms; however, their role in shaping multidomain neurocognitive profiles remains unclear. This study aimed to determine whether neurocognitive profiles differ as a function of pharmacological treatment type (antipsychotic, ADHD medication, or no medication) and gender children with ASD in early childhood. This cross-sectional study included 350 children aged 4-6 years diagnosed with ASD. Participants were stratified into three groups based on current pharmacological treatment: antipsychotic-treated (n = 115), ADHD-medicated (n = 110), and medication-free (n = 125), with balanced gender distribution. Parents completed the Parent-Rated Sensory Reactivity Scale (ESRS), the Self-Regulation Skills Scale-Parent Form (SRSS-P), and the Childhood Executive Functioning Inventory-Parent Form (CEFI-P). Autism severity was assessed using the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS). Group differences were examined using ANOVA, followed by correlation and multiple regression analyses. Neurocognitive profiles differed significantly across pharmacological treatment groups (p < 0.01). Children receiving antipsychotic medication exhibited higher sensory reactivity and greater autism severity, whereas those receiving ADHD medication showed greater impairments in executive functioning and self-regulation. Medication-free children consistently demonstrated the lowest levels of impairment. Gender showed a limited moderating effect, with some domain-specific differences observed across treatment groups. Correlation and regression analyses indicated that pharmacological treatment and gender were associated with variability in neurocognitive domains and overall autism severity (R² = 0.46). Pharmacological treatment type and gender are important factors associated with heterogeneity in neurocognitive profiles in early childhood (4-6 years) ASD. These findings suggest that medication-related differences extend beyond behavioral symptom control and are linked to distinct sensory, regulatory, and executive functioning patterns. Clinically, this highlights the importance of considering treatment type and gender when interpreting neurodevelopmental profiles and when planning individualized, multidomain interventions.