The anatomical study of leaf of Monstera deliciosa Liebm. was performed commonly grown in Pakistan. The epiphytic species was collected from the trunk of Ficus bengalensis. The anatomical characters of the leaf were studied under the light microscope Transverse section of petiole consists of epidermis, thick cuticle, hypodermis, cortex, metaxylem, protoxylem and druses. Largest metaxylem (0.98±0.07) and protoxylem (0.75±0.07) were observed in the petiole. In mid vein upper and lower epidermis, sclerenchymatous hypodermis, metaxylem, protoxylem, phloem and needle-like crystals were observed. However, mesophyll cells, a large number of needle-like crystals, druses and vascular bundle were seen. Smallest metaxylem (0.60±0.03) and protoxylem (0.45±0.06) were observed in lamina. Anatomical features of epidermis include the brachyparahexacytic type stomata, kidney-shaped guard cells and irregular epidermal cells. Larger epidermal cells (19.36±0.80) were seen in the abaxial epidermis. So, it is concluded that this plant is adapted very well in epiphytic form and its fleshy stem help to survive in tropical areas. Bangladesh J. Bot. 55(1): 31-35, 2026 (March)

The analysis of the hybrid vigor of yield traits in high-yield maize variety Jikeyu 817 showed that it had a significant yield increasing effect, with increase of 2.50 and 17.60% compared to the control varieties, respectively. All yield traits exhibited a high level of heterosis, with relative heterosis ranging from 4.52 to 67.89%, with an average of 29.70%. The advantage of Chinese relatives ranges from 4.57 to 205.81%, with an average of 57.56%. The hybrid vigor index ranges from 104.47 to 301.71%, with an average of 157.80%. Among the traits, the hybrid vigor of yield is the highest, with relative hybrid vigor, mid-parent vigor, and hybrid vigor index of 67.89 , 205.81 and 301.71%, respectively. Bangladesh J. Bot. 54(3): 805-809, 2025 (September) Special

This study was based on remote sensing data from 2010 to 2023, and combined methods such as Geodetector to analyze the spatio-temporal variation characteristics and driving factors of the fractional vegetation cover (FVC) in the Beibu Gulf Urban Agglomeration. The study used the pixel dichotomy model to estimate the FVC, and evaluated the change trends through Theil-Sen trend analysis and Mann-Kendall significance test. The results showed that the FVC increased from 0.74 in 2010 to 0.80 in 2023, with an average annual growth rate of 0.0624/10/years. High-coverage areas are concentrated in Fangchenggang and Qinzhou in Guangxi, while low-coverage areas are mainly distributed in coastal cities such as Haikou and Zhanjiang. The analysis of driving factors shows that the urbanization rate (q-value = 0.6464) and precipitation (q-value = 0.5479) are the main influencing factors, and the interaction between population density and urbanization rate (q-value = 0.965) has the strongest explanatory power for vegetation cover. In the future, the change of vegetation cover will mainly be randomly stable. The persistent areas are mainly distributed in Chongzuo and the southern part of Nanning, while coastal cities such as Haikou and Zhanjiang may face the risk of degradation. Bangladesh J. Bot. 54(3): 711-719, 2025 (September) Special

An incomplete diallel cross design was taken to evaluate the combining ability and application potential of the DH lines. The results revealed significant differences in General Combining Ability (GCA) among the DH lines, with JM104 and JM108 exhibiting high dehydration rates and a strong tendency to form high-yield hybrids. Comprehensive analysis of GCA across agronomic traits indicated that JM104 possesses high combining ability and application value, followed by JM108 and JM105. Superior combinations with high Total Combining Ability (TCA) effects and rapid dehydration rates included JM104×JF004, JM104×PHB1M, and JM108×JF004, which require further multi-year and multi-location trials to fully explore their potential. Genetic parameter analysis suggested that traits such as plant height, ear height, ear length, and kernel rows per ear should be selected in early generations. When configuring hybrids, DH lines with superior traits such as plant height, ear height, ear length, and ear diameter should be selected as parents, with comprehensive consideration of GCA for ear diameter, kernel moisture content, and dehydration rate, as well as Specific Combining Ability (SCA) of the hybrids. Specifically, the enhancement of husk leaf quantity should focus on SCA selection. Bangladesh J. Bot. 54(3): 703-710, 2025 (September) Special

A new species of Dryopteris songyinghuensis was reported in the study. It is closer to D. peninsulae Kitag. for its morphological and palynological characters of LM and SEM studies but differs by a number of characters, such as, stipe base densely covered with dark-brown, margin dentate lanceolate scales, margin dentate oval scales above middle stipe, rachis and costae with dark brown, margin dentate oval and lanceolate scales, leaves triangular oblong, lower pair of pinnae slightly longer, upward pair of pinnae gradually shortened, bipinnatifid or tripinnatifid, sori spread abaxially, each pinna is lined on either side of the midvein, occurs between the midvein and the margin, perispore with curved strip ridge, semi-ring ornamentation. The sp. nov. is described with LM and SEM characters of spore and fronds, compared with that of D. peninsulae Kitag. and provided with photographs. Bangladesh J. Bot. 54(3): 755-760, 2025 (September) Special

In order to study the effect of different vegetation types on ecosystem water and soil conservation function, an area was selected as the research object, and the evaluation method of ecosystem water and soil conservation function under the application of different plant measures was designed based on ENVI and ArcGIS software. Delineate five types of vegetation in the study area. The experimental results showed that in the evaluation of water conservation function, the water conservation capacity of the five types of vegetation and the water conservation amount per unit area are ranked from large to small, i.e. grassland, shrub grassland, woodland, woodland and shrub mixed areas, cultivated land, in the evaluation of soil water conservation function, the potential and actual soil erosion of cultivated land are much greater than those of the other four vegetation types. Among the remaining four vegetation types, shrubs > mixed area of shrubs and forest land > forest land > grassland. In the order of soil conservation per unit area, cultivated land is far less than other vegetation types, and the other orders are grassland > forest land > mixed area of forest land and shrub > shrub. It can be seen that among the five vegetation types, grassland has the strongest effect on soil and water conservation, and cultivated land is the worst. Bangladesh J. Bot. 54(3): 797-804, 2025 (September) Special

In this study, a dominant strain of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum was isolated from Pennisetum giganteum and used alone or in combination with cellulase, xylanase, and glucose oxidase in a silage experiment with King grass. The results showed that all additives improved the aroma, color, and texture of the silage, as well as enhanced its nutritional content and fermentation quality. Comprehensive analysis indicated that the combination of L. plantarum and xylanase was the most effective, significantly increasing lactic acid content, reducing pH and ammonia nitrogen levels, and improving overall silage quality. This combination shows strong potential for application and provides theoretical and technical support for the utilization of King grass as feed. Bangladesh J. Bot. 54(3): 731-739, 2025 (September) Special

Bacterial polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are the most feasible substitute for fossil fuel based-plastics owing to their biocompatibility and biodegradability. The study was aimed to isolate and identify polyhydroxyalkanoates producing bacteria from various readily available and unusable waste materials. 75 bacterial isolates were identified as PHAs producers from the collected samples. Among them, 33 isolates were selected for their in-depth analysis and identification. All of the selected bacterial isolates were Gram positive rods except one. Considering morphological, biochemical, and physiological characteristics, isolated bacteria were provisionally identified. Interestingly, 32 isolates corresponded to the single genus Bacillus, whereas the remaining strain was Enterococcus sp. PHAs production was confirmed by the presence of key functional groups notably C=O, C-H, C-O, and –OH, respectively. Bangladesh J. Bot. 54(3): 483-489, 2025 (September)

This study investigated the effects of drying service accessibility and technological advancement on rice farmers' income using a spatial-technology-quality-income framework. Based on data from 465 farmers, the analysis showed that improved spatial accessibility and technological upgrades significantly increased net income. A one-minute reduction in travel time raised income by approximately 0.53 yuan per unit area, while a one-point increase in technology score led to a 145.7 yuan gain. Drying quality measured by mold rate served as a significant mediator. Each 1% reduction in mold rate corresponded to a 200 yuan increase in income. The benefits were more pronounced for large-scale farmers, highlighting the role of operational scale. Moreover, policy subsidies effectively boosted farmer income by 22% on average. These findings provide empirical support for targeted investment in drying infrastructure, technological improvements, and policy interventions to enhance the economic efficiency of post-harvest services and strengthen rural livelihoods. Bangladesh J. Bot. 54(3): 469-476, 2025 (September)

The present investigation determined the phytochemical components of Borreria alata through the utilisation of LC-MS. A total of 88 phytochemicals were identified with a retention time ranging from 1 to 21 minutes. Ten phenolic compounds, two flavonoids, six amines and six amino acids were identified among them. The results of this study showed the medicinal and allelopathic potential of B. alata. Bangladesh J. Bot. 54(3): 425-431, 2025 (September)