Derived from the notion of algorithmic bias, it is possible that creating user segments such as personas from data results in over- or under-representing certain segments (FAIRNESS), does not properly represent the diversity of the user populations (DIVERSITY), or produces inconsistent results when hyperparameters are changed (CONSISTENCY). Collecting user data on 363M video views from a global news and media organization, we compare personas created from this data using different algorithms. Results indicate that the algorithms fall into two groups: those that generate personas with low diversity-high fairness and those that generate personas with high diversity-low fairness. The algorithms that rank high on diversity tend to rank low on fairness (Spearman's correlation: -0.83). The algorithm that best balances diversity, fairness, and consistency is Spectral Embedding. The results imply that the choice of algorithm is a crucial step in data-driven user segmentation, because the algorithm fundamentally impacts the demographic attributes of the generated personas and thus influences how decision makers view the user population. The results have implications for algorithmic bias in user segmentation and creating user segments that not only consider commercial segmentation criteria but also consider criteria derived from ethical discussions in the computing community.

The Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) is a collection of medical equipment and software that can help patients get better care. The purpose of this study is to improve the security of data collected through remote health monitoring of patients utilizing Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP). Asymmetric cryptography techniques may be used to assure the security of such sensor networks. For communication between different IoMT devices and a remote server, the safe CoAP is compatible with the Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS) protocol for creating a secure session using existing algorithms such as Lightweight Establishment of Secure Session. The DTLS layer of CoAP, in contrast, has shortcomings in key control, session establishment, and multicast message exchange. As a consequence, for IoMT communication, the creation of an efficient protocol for safe CoAP session establishment is needed. Thus, to solve the existing problems related to key management and multicast security in CoAP, we have proposed an efficient and secure communication technique to establish a secure session key between IoMT devices and distant servers using lightweight Energy-Efficient and Secure CoAP Elliptic Curve Cryptography (E2SCEC2). The advantage of using E2SCEC2 over other identification methods such as Rivest-Shamir-Adleman (RSA) is its compact key size, which allows it to use a smaller key size. This article also compares these algorithms on parameters such as time spent generating keys, signature generation, and verification of E2SCEC2 and RSA algorithms, as well as energy consumption and radio duty cycle, to see if they are compatible in constrained environments.

With the widespread application of intelligent systems in major industries, the traditional equipment manufacturing industry has gradually shifted to advanced equipment manufacturing. The innovation network of an industry directly affects the innovation capability of the industry, so the research of innovation network has always been the focus of attention. However, there are few researches on the innovation network of advanced equipment manufacturing industry, so this article has launched an in-depth study on it. First, it analyzes the basic geometric characteristics of the innovation network. Then, based on the small-world network model, an evolution model of the advanced equipment manufacturing innovation network was created, and simulation experiments were performed on the evolution model. The experimental results show that the clustering coefficient and the average distance showed different changes in different stages, but in the end they all gradually stabilized. The clustering coefficient was 0.484, the average distance was 1.854, and the degree of small cosmos was 0.497. This shows that the innovation network evolution model established in this study can reveal the evolution process of the innovation network of advanced equipment manufacturing through simulation experiments.