Introdução: A demência, especialmente a doença de Alzheimer (DA), é um crescente desafio de saúde pública. A pesquisa se concentra no eixo intestino-cérebro, onde a microbiota intestinal é crucial para a função cognitiva. A disbiose está ligada à inflamação e ao estresse oxidativo, contribuindo para o declínio cognitivo. Intervenções com probióticos e prebióticos são promissoras. Objetivo: Esta revisão teve como objetivo avaliar seu impacto na função cognitiva. Método: Esta revisão sistemática seguiu as diretrizes PRISMA e a estrutura PICO. A populaçãoalvo foram adultos com declínio cognitivo. A principal intervenção foi a modulação da microbiota intestinal via probióticos e prebióticos (incluindo alimentos fermentados e transplante fecal). Os grupos de comparação receberam placebo ou tratamento padrão. Os desfechos primários foram melhorias cognitivas; os desfechos secundários incluíram neuroproteção e neuroinflamação reduzida. A qualidade do estudo foi avaliada usando a ferramenta Cochrane Risk of Bias. Resultado: Foram incluídos 24 ensaios clínicos randomizados e 4 revisões narrativas, mostrando resultados positivos de intervenções dietéticas, probióticas, prebióticas e simbióticas no manejo da DA e declínio cognitivo leve. Houve melhora na função cognitiva geral, memória, plasticidade sináptica e aumento do fator neurotrófico derivado do hematoencefálico. Os metabólitos microbianos influenciaram o sistema nervoso central, afetando as barreiras e a imunidade. Cepas específicas de Bifidobacterium reduziram os marcadores inflamatórios e melhoraram a cognição. Conclusão: A modulação da microbiota intestinal por probióticos e prebióticos mostra papel promissor na mitigação do declínio cognitivo, especialmente na DA e no declínio cognitivo leve. Intervenções com Bifidobacterium foram associadas às melhorias cognitivas, redução da neuroinflamação e aumento do fator neurotrófico.

Sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) control in the Laurentian Great Lakes of North America is among the largest and most successful control programs of an invasive species anywhere on the planet. The effort began more than 75 years ago; it unites multiple nations, states, and provinces with the common goal of controlling this invasive species and protecting a valuable fishery. The science-based control program is administered by the Great Lakes Fishery Commission (GLFC), a body arising from a treaty signed by the United States and Canada. In the present article, we share 10 lessons learned from decades of successful sea lamprey control with the hopes of informing ongoing and future control programs targeting biological invasions. The 10 lessons we identified are to act boldly in times of crisis, to maintain the social license, to invest in capacity building, to break down the silos, to support fundamental science, to diversify your portfolio of control measures, to strive for continuous improvement, to confront the trade-off between information and action, to keep your foot on the gas, and to keep your eyes on the prize. The GLFC has long fostered a framework that uses some military strategy and verbiage that extends across the lessons (e.g., know your enemy). Other lessons are more nascent as the GLFC reenvisions its relationship with Indigenous peoples and governments in a path to reconciliation where two-eyed seeing is being embraced. Through adaptive management, horizon scanning methods, and embracing implementation science, the lessons learned about sea lamprey control will continue to evolve, which is itself a lesson. We submit that the lessons shared in the present article will help guide invasive species control programs spanning taxa, ecosystems, and regions.

Abstract Terrain ruggedness increasingly shapes health outcomes but remains understudied, especially from a One Health perspective, which emphasizes the interconnectedness of human, animal, and environmental health. Rugged terrain affects One Health through direct pathways such as movement modification, access regulation, microclimate formation, and hazard buffering. These factors influence human health by limiting access to resources and affect animal health by increasing disease vulnerability in isolated populations, whereas physical isolation may also reduce zoonotic transmission risks. Environmentally, rugged terrain helps conserve biodiversity and habitats but can intensify erosion and runoff. Indirectly, rugged terrain influences One Health by increasing vulnerability to natural disasters and altering ecosystem services. These multidimensional effects position terrain ruggedness as both a protective factor and a vulnerability driver within One Health systems. Advancing integrated research on terrain-driven mechanisms is crucial for promoting human and animal health, conserving biodiversity, and supporting sustainable land management in complex landscapes.

Participatory citizen science is expanding, with iNaturalist emerging as one of the most widely used platforms globally. However, its application in research is often anecdotal. To evaluate the impact of how iNaturalist is contributing to biodiversity and conservation research, we conducted a systematic review of iNaturalist data use and compared our findings with Global Biodiversity Information Facility literature citing iNaturalist. We found that the use of iNaturalist data in peer-reviewed research has grown tenfold in the last 5 years, matching the growing increase in iNaturalist observations. Geographic and taxonomic representation in the literature generally aligns with data availability, with iNaturalist data derived from 128 countries and 638 taxonomic families being used in peer-reviewed literature. Currently, data from iNaturalist are primarily used for species distribution models and range dynamics. We highlight emerging trends in the use of iNaturalist data in the literature lending to its future potential across biodiversity sciences.

Abstract Considerable evidence highlights the role of environmental factors and human activities in impairing human health, particularly regarding noncommunicable diseases. Although epidemiological studies identify single risk factors, a comprehensive framework connecting human ecology, risk factors, and noncommunicable diseases is lacking. We propose an evolutionary approach, leveraging niche construction theory to understand how human-driven environmental modifications affect health. Animals build ecological niches to improve their fitness, but such environmental modifications can also have detrimental long-term effects. By adopting an extended niche construction theory, we discuss definitions of the niche concept to frame the interplay among culture, technology-driven environmental changes, and outcomes in human and planetary health. We analyze the recent spread of noncommunicable diseases through niche construction theory, providing an evolutionary interpretation linking environmental challenges and metabolism-related disorders. Finally, we consider the potential long-term consequences of planetary changes for the human species, suggesting that self-imposed selective pressures may contribute to negative evolutionary outcomes, as niche construction theory evidences.

Abstract The One Health concept has been invoked to foster collaborations at the intersection of human, animal, and environmental health to address zoonotic disease risk. But the One Health concept is also helpful in framing and addressing the public health imperative to prevent and delay the onset of the chronic diseases of late life, to extend healthy life expectancy in ways that are sustainable and beneficial to animal and environmental health. This is an urgent global health imperative because healthy life expectancy is not increasing at the same pace as life expectancy, leading to more years being lived in poor health. This Forum article advances the Geroscience Perspective on One Health, a framework that draws attention to the interdependence of healthy human aging and animal and environmental health by emphasizing the importance of pursuing nonpharmacological (environmental and lifestyle) and potential pharmacological (gerotherapeutics) interventions to increase healthspan.

Abstract Aversive responses toward elements of the natural world, termed biophobias, are widespread. Whether they involve an irrational fear of animals, plants, germs, or dark forests, biophobias have far-reaching consequences that remain largely unstudied outside psychology and psychiatry. Foremost, biophobias affect mental health and entail direct (e.g., healthcare) and indirect (e.g., absenteeism from work) costs. In addition, they contribute to environmental and health issues through the overuse of pesticides and sanitizers, hinder sustainability efforts (e.g., insect phobia as a barrier to adopting insects in Western diets), and incur nonmaterial costs such as cultural erosion and avoidance of nature. Because these impacts emerge from complex interactions between human societies and ecosystems, we argue that biophobias are a quintessential One Health issue. One Health thinking could guide research and policy efforts to integrate medical, socioeconomic, and ecological perspectives in addressing biophobias. To advance a One Health agenda for biophobias, key knowledge gaps urgently need to be addressed.