Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive disease that requires effective staging management. The role of intestinal microbiota in PD has been studied, but its changes at different stages are not clear. In this study, meta- analysis, bioinformatics analysis and in vivo simulation were used to explore the intestinal microbiota distribution of PD patients and models at different stages. Two PD models at different stages were established in rotenone-treated rats and MPTP-induced mice. The differences in the intestinal microbiota among the different stages of PD patients or models were compared and analyzed. There were significant differences between PD patients and controls, including Actinobacteriota, Deltaproteobacteria, Clostridiales, Lachnospiraceae, Parabacteroides, etc. Through bioinformatics analysis, we revealed significant differences between PD patients at different stages and controls, including Actinobacteriota, Methanobacteria, Erysipelotrichales, Prevotellaceae, Parabacteroides, Parabacteroides gordonii, etc. Through meta-analysis, we found that Actinobacteriota and Erysipelotrichaceae had significantly increased in the chronic MPTP model, while Prevotellaceae had significantly decreased. PD rats and mice presented significant damage to motor function, coordination, autonomous activity ability and gastrointestinal function, and the damage in the late group was greater than that in the early group. There were significant differences in intestinal microbiota between PD patients or models at different stages and the control groups. In the early stage, the dominant microbiota are Akkermansia, Alistipes, Anaerotruncus, Bilophila, Rikenellaceae, Verrucomicrobia and Verrucomicrobiae, whereas in the late stage, the dominant microbiota are Actinobacteriota and Erysipelotrichaceae. These differences can lay a foundation for subsequent research on the treatment and mechanism of PD at different stages.

Water-based therapy has been gaining attention in recent years and is being widely used in clinical settings. Hydrotherapy is the most important area of water-based therapy, and it has distinct advantages and characteristics compared to conventional land-based exercises. Several new techniques and pieces of equipment are currently emerging with advances in computer technologies. However, comprehensive reviews of hydrotherapy are insufficient. Hence, this study reviewed the status quo, mechanisms, adverse events and contraindications, and future prospects of the use of hydrotherapy. This study aims to comprehensively review the latest information regarding the application of hydrotherapy to musculoskeletal diseases, neurological diseases, and COVID-19. We have attempted to provide a "take-home message" regarding the clinical applications and mechanisms of hydrotherapy based on the latest evidence available.

Indocyanine green (ICG)-C9, a novel cyanine dye developed by the Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research at RIKEN, provides significant advantages over conventional ICG due to its detectability via shortwave-infrared (SWIR) fluorescence imaging. Unlike standard ICG, ICG-C9 facilitates SWIR imaging and displays therapeutic potential when conjugated with antibodies in vivo, suggesting broader applicability across various cancer types. This study evaluated the efficacy of SWIR fluorescence imaging with ICG-C9 in comparison with existing near-infrared (NIR) imaging techniques. We assessed excretion kinetics and the relationship between excitation and fluorescence wavelengths for ICG-C9 and ICG following intravenous administration in BALB/c-nu mice. Tumor uptake was evaluated using a cell-line-derived subcutaneous tumor model from HuH-7 cells, representing hepatocellular carcinoma. Variables including dose, administration route, and exposure time were optimized for comparison. Maximum fluorescence intensity for ICG-C9 was observed with an excitation wavelength of 915 nm and fluorescence emission wavelengths >950 nm within the SWIR spectrum. Both ICG-C9 and ICG followed similar excretion pathways, involving hepatic uptake and biliary excretion. Tumor uptake of ICG-C9 was confirmed under similar conditions to ICG. ICG-C9 demonstrates promising potential as an alternative to NIR fluorescence imaging with ICG, offering unique properties that may enhance imaging capabilities. However, further research is required to establish its clinical applicability and broader therapeutic utility.

In the context of the rising global prevalence of obesity, traditional intervention measures have proven insufficient to meet the demands of personalized and sustainable health management, necessitating the exploration of innovative solutions through innovative technologies. This study explores how advanced digital technologies, including Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI), can manage weight and enhance full-lifecycle health in individuals with obesity under simulated high-altitude hypoxic conditions (HC). The findings suggest that integrating simulated HC with digital health technologies offers a novel and safe approach to obesity rehabilitation. By leveraging environmental stimuli, real-time monitoring through wearable devices, and intelligent evaluation using large language models (LLMs), this method enables more scientific weight loss, prevents rebound weight gain, and fosters proactive healthy lifestyles, significantly improving weight control outcomes for individuals with obesity. Future research should evaluate the efficacy of simulated HC in weight management and its long-term impact on obesity control. Establishing an integrated framework that combines simulated HC, lifestyle interventions, and smart health ecosystems is crucial for advancing rehabilitative healthcare and addressing the global burden of obesity through digital innovation.

Chikungunya fever is a mosquito-borne disease caused by an RNA virus of the Alphavirus genus and is characterized by fever and severe joint pain. The disease is primarily transmitted by Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus mosquitoes. Since its re-emergence in 2005, chikungunya has spread extensively, affecting more than 2.8 billion people across 119 countries worldwide. This article reviews the global epidemiological features of chikungunya, with a focus on its transmission dynamics, the characteristics of the virus and its vectors, as well as the influence of ecological and climatic factors. The article also discusses public health response measures, including the Wolbachia strategy, vaccine development, and integrated vector management. Despite China being a non-epidemic area, imported cases have led to localized outbreaks, prompting the implementation of the 'Four Pests-free Village' initiative to reduce mosquito density and improve public health. Notably, as of July 31, 2025, Guangdong Province in China has reported over 5,158 chikungunya cases and has initiated a Level 3 emergency response in the City of Foshan. In the face of global challenges such as climate change and the spread of invasive species, establishing a normalized rapid response system and enhancing monitoring, early warning, and inter-departmental collaboration are crucial to controlling the spread of mosquito-borne diseases and protecting public health.

Laparoscopic anatomical right hemihepatectomy (LARH) is a highly challenging procedure due to the lack of an appropriate surgical approach. This study aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of LARH via a hepatic parenchymal transection-first approach (HPF) guided by the middle hepatic vein (MHV) (HPFM) to treat hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by comparison with the extrahepatic Glissonian approach (EG). Between January 2017 and December 2019, a total of 105 HCC patients who underwent LARH, of whom 48 underwent HPFM, were included in this study. After a 1:1 propensity score matching, 41 LARH-HPFM were compared to 41 LARH-EG. We have analyzed perioperative and oncologic outcomes of the two different operative approaches for HCC treatments. Quality of two operative approaches was defined by textbook outcome (TO). The LARH-HPF group was associated with shorter mean operative time (P = 0.029) and less blood loss (P = 0.023). The LARH-HPFM did not increase the postoperative overall complication rates (P = 0.248) when compared with the LARH-EG. The results of univariable and multivariable analyses indicated that LARH-HPFM provided a clinical benefit for operative time and blood loss. In addition, patients who received LARH-HPFM cumulated more TO criteria (P = 0.017), and achieved higher rate of TO (46.3% vs. 24.4%; 2.68, 95% CI 1.05 - 6.86, P = 0.040) compared with those who received LARH-EG. These findings indicate LARH-HPFM is safe and feasible for HCC with certain advantages over LARH-EG, but there are still many problems worth further exploration.

Endometrial receptivity plays a critical role in pregnancy, while controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) - widely used for infertile patients - could impair endometrial receptivity and subsequent pregnancy outcomes. This study aims to explore the effect of Yiqi Bushen Shugan Huoxue Decoction (YBSHD) on impaired endometrial receptivity in patients with unexplained infertility (UI) undergoing COH and to determine the mechanism for it through modular pharmacology, molecular docking, and a murine model. First, we retrospectively studied 422 patients with UI who underwent COH to get pregnant. Results indicated that the live birth rate significantly increased in the YBSHD group. Second, a systematic network pharmacology analysis was performed to screen the ingredients and possible targets of YBSHD. The main targets concerning YBSHD and endometrial receptivity involved pathways including hormone regulation, inflammatory responses, and apoptosis. The active components of quercetin and kaempferol from YBSHD exhibited a strong binding affinity to key molecules, including BCL2, ESR1, IL6, IL1B, and TNF. Third, YBSHD improved endometrial receptivity in a murine COH model. Compared to the COH group, the number of embryo implantations and endometrial pinopodes significantly increased in the YBSHD group, indicating improved endometrial receptivity. YBSHD improved the local immune microenvironment in COH mice by regulating excessive hormone secretion, gene expression of inflammatory factors, and proportions of neutrophils and macrophages. Moreover, YBSHD inhibited apoptosis in the ovaries and uteruses of COH mice. In summary, YBSHD could increase the live birth rate in patients with UI, mainly because it can inhibit inflammation and cell apoptosis, thereby improving endometrial receptivity.

Recently, a systemic therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been developed. The regimen for unresectable HCC varies and includes single or multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies, immune checkpoint inhibitors, or their combinations. Treatment with these agents begins with sorafenib as the first-line drug for unresectable HCC. Subsequently, several systemic therapies, including lenvatinib, ramucirumab, cabozantinib, and regorafenib have been investigated and established. With advances in systemic therapy for unresectable HCC, the prognosis of patients with unresectable HCC has improved significantly than previously. Conversion surgery, consisting of systemic therapy and surgery, showed the possibility of improving the prognosis than systemic therapy alone. Although a combination of atezolizumab and bevacizumab is mostly used for initially unresectable HCC to conduct conversion surgery because of the high response rate and fewer adverse events compared to others, many trials are being conducted to assess their efficacy for initially unresectable HCC. However, the appropriate timing of surgery and interval between systemic therapy and surgery remain controversial. To address these issues, a multidisciplinary team can play a vital role in determining the strategies for treating unresectable HCC. This review describes previous and current trends in the treatment of HCC, with a particular focus on conversion surgery for initially unresectable HCC.

Sorafenib is a recommended first-line therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, when used as monotherapy in patients in advanced stages, the prognosis remains suboptimal. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) on survival outcomes in patients with advanced HCC treated with sorafenib, as well as to identify which subgroups may benefit most from the addition of TACE. This single-institution retrospective study included 92 patients diagnosed with Barcelona Clinic liver cancer (BCLC) stage C HCC who received sorafenib between August 2011 and December 2016. We assessed the influence of different treatment modalities on prognosis using multivariable regression analysis. Patients were categorized into three subgroups: those with vascular invasion, those with distant metastasis, and those with both risk factors. Baseline comparisons indicated no significant differences in clinical characteristics among the three groups. Survival analysis showed no statistically significant difference in overall survival (OS) between the subgroups. However, in the overall cohort of patients with BCLC stage C, multifactorial Cox regression analysis identified pre-treatment alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels (p = 0.020), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels (p = 0.034), and the absence of combination TACE therapy (p = 0.008) as independent risk factors affecting OS. Further subgroup Cox analyses revealed that the lack of combination TACE therapy was an independent risk factor for OS in both the vascular invasion group and the group with both risk factors. In conclusion, for patients with advanced HCC receiving sorafenib, the addition of TACE may enhance long-term survival, particularly in those with vascular invasion.

Aging is a challenge to global development. This challenge is particularly significant for China because it has the largest elderly population worldwide. The proportion of aging population continues to increase, and solely relying on government efforts to meet the needs of the elderly is inadequate. Hence, involvement of social organizations in elderly care services is needed. Their core members exhibit higher sense of responsibility and identification with the organization than regular members, thus profoundly affecting organizational development. Based on the Social Capital Theory, this study employed a multistage stratified random sampling method to examine the social capital stock of elderly social organizations and their core members across six cities in Anhui Province, China. Chi-square tests analyzed the relationship between the core members' demographic factors and individual performance. Independent-sample t-tests assessed the relationship between social capital and individual performance. Finally, binary logistic regression models determined the factors influencing the individual performance of core members. Social networks within core members' social capital and the internal social capital of elderly caring social organizations (ESOs) affect the individual performance of core members. Therefore, organizations should provide more training opportunities for core members to expand their networks. Cultivating a shared language and vision as components of social capital can enhance organizational cohesion and operational stability.