Fine particulate matter (PM) can bypass nasal filtration and accumulate in the lower respiratory tract, where prolonged deposition may cause chronic inflammation, pulmonary fibrosis, and other respiratory diseases. Although commercial nasal sprays offer protection in the upper airways, they are inadequate for safeguarding the lower respiratory tract and lung. In this study, we introduce an inhalable bioadhesive barrier (IBB) specifically engineered to deposit in the lower airways, where it forms an adhesive hydrogel barrier upon contact with airway mucus and actively scavenges inhaled fine PM. With optimized aerodynamic properties, IBB can efficiently deposit throughout the bronchi and bronchioles, providing protection for up to 8h. The IBB captures and encapsulates inhaled PM, enabling its clearance from the airways within 48h, thus preventing long-term retention. Compared to commercial nasal sprays, intranasal inhalation of IBB markedly improved protection against chronic silica exposure in a murine silicosis model. Large animal studies further demonstrated uniform and extensive airway coverage by IBB in porcine models, suggesting strong translational potential for human respiratory protection. This approach provides a safe, efficient, and cost-effective strategy for preventing respiratory diseases induced by chronic exposure to respirable fine particulates.

Conventional wound dressings present inherent limitations in the therapeutic management of cutaneous wounds. Given the pivotal role of endogenous bioelectric fields in tissue repair, piezoelectric materials have emerged as a novel class of stimulus responsive biomaterials capable of transforming mechanical energy into biocompatible electrical signals, offering innovative solutions to address the bottlenecks of conventional interventions. Distinct from existing literature, this review demonstrates significant uniqueness by integrating the dual dimensions of breadth and depth. In terms of breadth, this review comprehensively covers and systematically categorizes a wide variety of piezoelectric dressing systems alongside their diverse stimulus responsive behaviors. In terms of depth, it not only profoundly elucidates the physical and chemical mechanisms underlying the piezoelectric effect and piezocatalysis, but also meticulously explores the key biological mechanisms through which they modulate multidimensional cellular behaviors and exert antibacterial effects. Building upon this foundation, the review systematically summarizes the current frontier application achievements of utilizing piezoelectric technologies for wound management. Finally, this review summarizes the major technical challenges and clinical translation bottlenecks facing piezoelectric dressings, and proposes highly promising future research directions, aiming to establish a solid theoretical framework and practical guidance for the development of piezoelectric wound management systems.

The treatment of osteoporosis remains a critical challenge due to the limitations of current therapies in simultaneously restoring homeostasis of bone metabolism and modulating the chronic inflammation of bone microenvironment. While the acidic microenvironment greatly exacerbates bone resorption, it also lays the foundation for the application of responsive therapeutic nanoplatforms. Herein, inspired by the rocket-like responsive cascade release principle-defined by a "booster-payload" mechanism, in which a metal ion-doped mesoporous silica shell serves as an early-release booster and a calcium sulfide core acts as a sustained-release payload-a bone-targeted nanoplatform (CSM3P) was developed. This platform integrates calcium sulfide nanoparticles with magnesium/manganese-doped mesoporous silica for bone targeting. It leverages the pathological acidic microenvironment of osteoporosis to enable stimuli-responsive and stepwise release of multiple mineral ions (Mg2+/Mn2+/Ca2+) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S), coordinates bone regeneration and regulation of the osteoimmunological microenvironment and thereby achieves metal-gas targeted therapy for osteoporosis. This acidic responsive and sequential ion/gas release model establishes a self-reinforcing therapeutic cycle, where the pathological acidity itself drives a synergistic and adaptive treatment regimen. Both in vitro and in vivo evaluations demonstrate the superior efficacy of CSM3P in ameliorating the inflammatory bone microenvironment and rebalancing bone remodeling. This work offers a novel paradigm for intelligent, feedback-driven nanotherapy against osteoporosis and other microenvironment-associated diseases.