Goldfish (Carassius spp.) is one of the most popular ornamental freshwater fish in Indonesia, originating from China and domesticated since 1860 with various color variants and unique body shapes resulting from selective breeding. This study aimed to analyze the erythrocyte profile of goldfish sold in Denpasar, Bali, as a baseline for health status assessment and early disease detection. This observational descriptive study examined blood samples from 10 healthy goldfish (5 males and 5 females) with lengths of 7-10 cm. Blood collection was performed at the Animal Hospital of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University, using 1 ml syringes with 26G needles following anesthesia with Koi Anesthesia®. Complete blood count analysis was conducted using an Auto Hematology Analyzer Rayto RT-7600 for Vet, while blood smears were prepared using Diff-Quik staining for morphological examination. The results showed mean hemoglobin (Hb) values of 3.25 g/dL (range: 1.9-6.4 g/dL), mean hematocrit (Hct) of 4.55% (range: 0-9.1%), and mean erythrocyte count (RBC) of 0.15 × 10⁶/μL (range: 0.01-0.88 × 10⁶/μL). Erythrocyte indices revealed mean MCV of 96.85 fL (range: 81.3-112.4 fL), mean MCH of 88.35 pg (range: 52.6-124.1 pg), and mean MCHC of 80.1 g/dL (range: 48.3-151.4 g/dL). It can be concluded that the erythrocyte profile of goldfish in Denpasar shows considerable individual variation, which may reflect differences in genetic factors, environmental conditions, or handling practices during the study. It is recommended to improve blood collection techniques to minimize cell damage and contamination, potentially through additional training with experienced practitioners and protocol refinement to ensure more valid results that accurately reflect the physiological condition of goldfish.

Crossbred etawah goats are one of the ruminant livestock breeds with great potential as milk producers with high nutritional value. One of the important factors that can influence milk productivity is milking time. This study aims to determine the effect of milking time on the milk yield of crossbred etawah goats. This research employed a quantitative method with an experimental approach. The sample consisted of 15 crossbred etawah goats milked twice daily for seven consecutive days. The collected data were analyzed using simple linear regression with the assistance of SPSS software. The results showed a significant effect of milking time on milk production. Morning milking produced a higher volume of milk compared to afternoon milking with a sig value of 0.001. This is presumably due to a longer rest period at night and cooler environmental conditions in the morning. Hormonal factors, such as the hormone prolactin which influences the lactation process, also tend to be more active in the morning, which can increase milk production. It can be concluded that milking time affects the milk yield of crossbred etawah goats with morning milking being more effective in increasing production. Milking time is an important aspect in the lactation management of dairy goats. It is recommended that farmers optimize morning milking schedules to achieve maximum milk yield.

Caulerpa lentillifera is known as sea grapes macroalgae or sea grapes which have benefits as antioxidants. Paracetamol is a drug that is sold freely and many people abuse it. Abuse of paracetamol can cause negative impacts on various organs, one of which is the stomach and small intestine. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of administering Caulerpa lentillifera on the histopathology of the gastric and small intestine of white mice given paracetamol in high doses. This study used a completely randomized design method. A sample of 25 male white mice was divided into 5 treatment groups, namely negative control (P0) or no treatment, positive control (P1) was only given paracetamol 250 mg/kgBB, P2 was given paracetamol 250 mg/kgBB and sea grapes 10 g/kgBB, P3 was given paracetamol 250 mg/kgBB and sea grapes 15 g/kgBB, and P4 was given paracetamol 250 mg/kgBB and sea grapes 20 g/kgBB. Treatment was given for 14 days, then necropsied. Samples of gastric and small intestine tissue were made into histopathology preparations using hematoxylin eosin (HE) staining. The variables examined in the gastric were gastric mucosal damage. While the variables examined in the small intestine included bleeding lesions and necrosis. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal Wallis Test followed by the Mann-Whitney test and described descriptively. The results showed that in gastric mucosal damage, small intestine necrosis, and small intestine bleeding showed that there was a difference (P<0.05) between groups. There was a process of improvement in the histopathology of the gastric and small intestine of white rats given Caulerpa lentillifera in gastric mucosal damage, small intestine necrosis, and small intestine bleeding. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that sea grapes with doses of 15 g/kgBB and 20 g/kgBB can minimize gastric mucosal damage. While a dose of 20 g/kgBB can minimize small intestine damage in necrosis and hemorrhage lesions

Newcastle Disease (ND) is a viral disease that affects poultry, including broilers. One of the preventive measures is vaccination; however, its effectiveness remains suboptimal, necessitating an alternative approach such as green meniran (Phyllanthus niruri Linn.) extract to enhance antibody titers. This study aims to determine the differences in antibody titers in broilers administered green meniran extract at different doses for two weeks before the ND booster vaccination. The study involved 30 broilers aged 1 to 32 days. The experimental design followed a Completely Randomized Design with a hierarchical pattern consisting of three treatment groups. Serum samples were collected one day before the ND booster vaccination (17 days old), oneweek post-booster vaccination (25 days old), and two weeks post-booster vaccination (32 days old). The serum samples were tested using the Hemagglutination Inhibition (HI) assay. Data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and regression analysis. ANOVA results showed that the treatment group (P2) receiving green meniran extract at a dose of 6 mg/kg BW/day exhibited a significant increase (P<0.05) compared to the treatment group (P1) receiving 4 mg/kg BW/day. Regression analysis indicated that each group experienced an increase in antibody titers up to the fourth week post-booster vaccination. The findings suggest that different sampling times significantly (P<0.05) influenced the antibody titers formed. In conclusion, green meniran extract as a natural immunostimulator can enhance the immune response in broiler chickens. The combination of green meniran extract at doses of 4 mg/kg BW/day and 6 mg/kg BW/day for two weeks with ND booster vaccination proved to be more effective in increasing ND antibody titers in broilers than vaccination alone.

Long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis) or also known as cynomolgus monkey and crab-eating monkey is one type of macaque that lives in Southeast Asia. Morphometric measurements aim to determine the morphometry of the long-tailed macaque itself and to determine the morphometric differences between adult male and female long-tailed macaques living on Mount Pusuk, North Lombok. This study uses the Length Measurements method with the research object being 17 samples of long-tailed macaques. The samples were analyzed by finding the average of each morphometric measurement parameter and comparing the morphometry between adult male and female long-tailed macaques. The results of the calculation of the average morphometry of adult long-tailed macaques living on Mount Pusuk are face width 75.00 mm; head length 121.12 mm; upper arm length 129.94 mm; lower arm length 133.76 mm; thigh length 139.76 mm; calf length 148.00 mm; sitting height 420.00 mm; and tail length 502.06 mm. From the calculation results, the morphometric size between adult male and female long-tailed monkeys living on Mount Pusuk differs significantly (P <0.05). The difference that can be seen is that the morphometry of male long-tailed monkeys is larger than that of female long-tailed monkeys. Further research is needed on the morphometry of long-tailed monkeys on different parameters and from various age groups to determine the development and comparison of long-tailed monkey morphometry.

Bali cattle (Bos sondaicus) are said to be fertile because the right and left ovaries of Bali cattle have the same opportunity in their reproductive activity. Ovaries activity can be reviewed morphometrically and histologically to determine the characteristics of each estrus phase. This study was conducted with the aim of determining the differences in morphometry of the right and left ovaries in Bali cattle, as well as identifying the histological features of the ovaries of Bali cattle. The morphometry study of the right and left ovaries was conducted descriptively quantitatively where the data was processed statistically with a paired sample T- test. Identification of histological characteristics was conducted descriptively qualitatively. The results of the morphometry calculations stated that the weight and width of the right and left ovaries of Bali cattle were not significantly different (P>0.05), while the length of the ovaries was significantly different (P<0.05). The results of histological identification can be identified through the development of follicles and corpus luteum to become corpus albicans.

Bacteria are microorganisms that can cause various diseases in humans and animals, as well as play a significant role in food safety concerns. One of the most frequently encountered bacterial genera is Staphylococcus sp., which naturally exists as normal flora on the skin and mucous membranes of the digestive and respiratory systems. However, under certain conditions, these bacteria can become pathogenic and lead to infections. Additionally, Staphylococcus species are often found in food products such as meat and milk, posing potential public health risks. This study aims to identify Staphylococcus sp. species from isolates stored at the Veterinary Public Health Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University. The isolates were obtained from the tonsils of healthy Landrace piglets aged 2–3 months, collected from Sangeh, Selat, and Taman Giri in Badung Regency, Bali Province. The research methodology included isolate cultivation, primary identification tests such as Gram staining and the catalase test, followed by biochemical tests, including the coagulase test and mannitol salt agar (MSA) test. The identification results revealed that out of 40 Staphylococcus sp. isolates examined, 22 isolates were identified as Staphylococcus aureus, 10 isolates as Staphylococcus epidermidis, and 8 isolates as Staphylococcus saprophyticus. These findings indicate that Staphylococcus aureus was the predominant species in the tested samples. Due to its pathogenic potential, continuous surveillance of Staphylococcus in animals and animal-derived products is essential to mitigate the risk of transmission to humans. Implementing stringent hygiene and sanitation measures in the handling and processing of animal products is recommended to minimize bacterial contamination.

DNA transformation generally still utilizes commercial Escherichia coli bacteria, and the use of virulent pathogenic bacteria has never been reported. Utilizing virulent pathogenic bacteria can provide an advantage, as the product can be used as a vaccine against the genetic material in the plasmid and against the pathogenic bacteria itself. This study aims to determine how the transformation duration affects the number of swine Escherichia coli pathogenic isolates colonies. The samples of this study are swine Escherichia coli pathogenic isolates BPOS4 and E. coli BL21 (DE3) which were made into competent cells by calcium chloride heat shock method and then transformed with the different transformation of times using plasmid pGEX-2T+ASF A224L. The results showed that E. coli BL21 (DE3) and swine Escherichia coli pathogenic isolates BPOS4 had no significant effect on the quantity of colonies after transformation. Although statistically the effect was not significant, E. coli BL21(DE3) gave a higher colony count with an average of 62,4×105 CFU/100µL compared to E. coli BPOS4 of 33,45×105 CFU/100µL. The transformation time has no significant effect on the number of bacterial colonies after transformation, however, the best transformation time is shown by the treatment of 60 seconds with an average colony of 86,5×105 CFU/100µL. It can be concluded that the colonies of E. coli BL21 (DE3) and E. coli BPOS4 transformed with plasmid pGEX-2T+ASF A224L can grow optimally in 60 seconds. Further research can be conducted, such as developing Escherichia coli vaccines using pathogenic strains.

Wound healing is the body's attempt to restore its structural integrity and normal function after tissue disruption. Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) is often used as a regenerative treatment by increasing the activity of growth factors in the blood to treat damaged tissue. Pig blood contains a high concentration of platelets that can support the wound healing process. The purpose of this study was to determine the macroscopic picture of incision wound healing on the skin of white rats given PRP gel from pig blood. The experimental animals used in this study were 27 wistar strain rats. There were three treatments carried out, namely the negative treatment group given 0.9% NaCl solution, the positive control group given bioplacenton, and the treatment group with pig blood PRP gel. Parameters used to determine the level of wound healing include wound length, wound color, wound moisture, and wound scab. Wound length data was analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (Anova). Meanwhile, data on wound color, wound scab, and wound moisture were analyzed by Kruskal Walls. The pig blood PRP gel treatment group had a significant effect on the incision wound healing rate than the negative and positive treatment groups (bioplacenton). PRP gel from pig blood can accelerate wound healing because it contains many growth factors that play an important role in tissue repair and regeneration. Further research is recommended to evaluate the effect of PRP on other types of wounds, such as burns or infectious wounds, as well as developing PRP preservation methods in other forms for wider clinical applications.

The main cause of antibiotic resistance is the misuse and excess of antibiotics. Other factors are misunderstanding of antibiotic use, inappropriate antibiotic dosage, the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics and antibiotics sold freely without a doctor's prescription. The purpose of this study was to determine the percentage of antibiotic use among pig farms, the types of antibiotics used and the status of antibiotic use by pig farmers in Sebatu Village, Tegallalang District, Gianyar Regency, Bali. The study used observational and interview methods in the form of questionnaires distributed to pig farmers. Data were analyzed descriptively and then displayed in tables and figures. The percentage of respondents who used antibiotics under the supervision of a veterinarian was 56.67% (17/30 respondents) and 43.33% (13/30 respondents) of pig farmers provided independent treatment for livestock without supervision from a veterinarian. (33.33%) pig farmers obtained antibiotics from drug stores, (10%) from other farmers. The types of antibiotics used were the Tetracycline group (92.3%); Penicillin (30.7%); Sulfonamides (38.4%); Aminoglycosides (23.0%). Selecting antibiotics based on the needs of sick animals (26.67%); Selected by drug sellers (16.67%); dosage determined by drug brochures (30%); Previous experience (13.33%); Farmers' knowledge of antibiotics and their functions (63.33%); do not know (36.67%) and farmers already know that using antibiotics must be under the supervision of a veterinarian (60%); do not know (40%). The percentage of pig farmers who use antibiotics in Sebatu Village, Tegallalang District, Gianyar Regency, Bali reached 43.33% (13 farmers) independently without the supervision of a veterinarian with various types of antibiotic groups.