AMR represents a public health challenge in India associated with the overuse of antibiotics transmission through the food chain inadequate regulatory enforcement and environmental pollution. Likewise India bears a large share of resistant infections significantly adding to worldwide illness and death caused by AMR. This article provides a review of the AMR burden and data in India; analyzes antibiotic misuse, in people and livestock outlines food-related transmission routes assesses legal and policy frameworks and explores existing prevention approaches and obstacles. The assessment emphasizes the need for unified and cross-sectoral efforts, within the One Health approach.

Non-infectious rashes often mimic infectious etiologies and are, therefore, a source of diagnostic difficulty, treatment delays, and mismanagement. The clinical overlap is due to similarities in morphology, systemic symptoms, and patterns of distribution. This article provides an in-depth scholarly review of the non-infectious disorders that clinically resemble infectious dermatologic diseases and includes drug eruptions, autoimmune disorders, allergic reactions, vascular pathologies, genetic syndromes, and environmental causes. Using a narrative review-based methodological approach, clinical presentation, diagnosis-related pitfalls, differential features, and modern investigative techniques are discussed. The findings highlight the need for early consideration of non-infectious mimickers in clinical assessment to avoid unnecessary use of antimicrobials and adverse consequences. Recommendations for practitioners relate to structured diagnostic algorithms, increased dermatology training, collaboration across medical disciplines, and refined clinical guidelines.

In modern mechanical engineering and instrument-making industries, the range of applications of materials produced by powder metallurgy methods is expanding year by year. These materials are characterized by high material efficiency, the ability to manufacture components with complex geometries, a high degree of production process automation and overall economic feasibility. The effective use and long-term operation of products made from powder metallurgy materials in industry require thorough and systematic investigation of their technological, mechanical and tribotechnical properties. The scientific value of the article lies in the analysis of existing models that explain the behavior of porous materials produced by metallurgical sintering under conditions of surface plastic deformation and in overcoming their inherent limitations. For the first time, a new plasticity model is proposed that simultaneously accounts for changes in porosity and for the strengthening of the material matrix governing the plastic behavior of a porous body.The practical significance of the work lies in the development of several methods for surface hardening of sintered iron-based porous materials and in the selection of the most effective modes of plastic deformation based on the results of the conducted studies. New sintered materials synthesized from mixtures of iron and cast iron alloys are proposed, and techniques for surface strengthening through plastic deformation are developed.

This article examines the poultry disease laryngotracheitis, caused by opportunistic microbes that result in economic losses for poultry farms in Azerbaijan. Factors contributing to the spread of laryngotracheitis are identified. Recommendations for the use of plants with anti-inflammatory phytobiotic activity are offered. Strict veterinary monitoring is recommended to prevent the occurrence of such viral infectious diseases. Periodic general and laboratory examinations, proper care, the use of plants with phytobiotic activity, and limiting contact between objects and living creatures outside the confines of a single room minimize the risk of infection and spread.

The rapid expansion of the digital economy and the exponential growth of data transmitted across national borders have made the harmonisation of personal data protection regimes a central issue in contemporary international law. Using comparative legal analysis, this article examines international, regional, and national legal instruments governing cross-border transfers of personal data. These include the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Guidelines on the Protection of Privacy and Transborder Flows of Personal Data, the Council of Europe Convention for the Protection of Individuals with regard to Automatic Processing of Personal Data, as modernised, the European Union General Data Protection Regulation and its recent adequacy decision concerning the United States, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation and Global Cross-Border Privacy Rules systems, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Declaration on Government Access to Personal Data, United States national security regulations adopted under Executive Order No. 14117, China’s simplified 2024 rules on cross-border data transfers, Brazil’s 2024 regulation on international data transfers, and Russia’s 2025 amendments on data localisation. The article evaluates trust-building mechanisms, including standard contractual clauses, binding corporate rules, certification mechanisms, and privacy-enhancing technologies, and assesses the Group of Twenty initiative on Data Free Flow with Trust and related trade policy recommendations aimed at reducing regulatory fragmentation. The study concludes that, in the absence of a universal international treaty, mutual recognition of safeguards and the widespread use of privacy-by-design technologies are essential to balancing the protection of human rights with the promotion of innovation.

Analyzes the theoretical and methodological foundations for developing the written and oral speech activities of university students in Kyrgyz language classes through the use of speech constructions (ready-made models and sentence frames) and support words (speech supports). Although the subject standards for the Kyrgyz language declare the goal of the integrated development of four types of speech activity, teaching practice reveals an insufficiency of systematic work with specialized speech constructions and support phrases aimed at the purposeful formation of students’ written and oral speech. In global methodology, as well as in the works of Kyrgyz scholars, the issue of developing students’ speech activity has been extensively studied. This article уточняет (clarifies) the concepts of “speech construction,” “support words,” and “speech support” based on the theories of formulaic language and metadiscourse; analyzes the current state and existing problems of teaching the Kyrgyz language at the level of higher education using concrete examples; proposes an integrated instructional module grounded in the use of speech constructions and support words aimed at developing students’ written and oral speech activity; and presents teaching methods and assessment criteria integrated with digital technologies (podcasts, interactive platforms, and online banks of phraseological and speech units).

Background: Since its emergence in late 2019, Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has fundamentally altered global health landscapes. This review aims to synthesize current knowledge regarding the etiology, complex pathogenesis, evolving diagnostic modalities, and updated therapeutic strategies, with a focus on post-pandemic management and Long COVID. A narrative review was conducted using databases including PubMed, Scopus, and WHO repositories. Data regarding epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical guidelines published between January 2020 and late 2024 were analyzed. The virus utilizes the ACE2 receptor for entry, triggering a dysregulated immune response (cytokine storm) and coagulopathy. Diagnostic techniques have evolved from standard RT-PCR to rapid molecular assays and AI-assisted imaging. Treatment has shifted from supportive care to targeted antivirals and immunomodulators. While acute mortality has decreased due to vaccination and population immunity, the focus must now shift to managing endemic transmission and the chronic sequelae known as Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC).

This article examines the impact of measures aimed at improving power quality on the reliability of electricity supply to consumers. The main power quality indicators and their effects on the operation of electrical equipment and power system components are analyzed. Measures intended to improve power quality are considered, and the effectiveness of these measures is assessed in terms of reducing failure rates, decreasing power losses, and improving electricity supply reliability indicators. The research results confirm that a comprehensive approach to power quality improvement contributes to enhanced stability and reliability of power supply systems.

Background The public health landscape in India is currently characterized by two converging crises: the increasing incidence of emerging and re-emerging viral exanthems—including Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease (HFMD), Chikungunya, Dengue, and Mpox—and the escalating threat of Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR). A critical intersection of these challenges lies in the clinical and public misidentification of viral rashes as bacterial skin infections, a phenomenon that drives inappropriate antibiotic consumption. With the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW) launching the National Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance (NAP-AMR) 2.0 in late 2025, there is an urgent need to understand the grassroots level of health literacy regarding these conditions. This study employs a cross-sectional observational design, utilizing a structured public awareness survey with a dataset of 444 respondents from diverse demographic backgrounds across India.1 The survey assessed the public's ability to differentiate viral exanthems from bacterial pyodermas and evaluated self-medication practices. These findings were triangulated with secondary clinical data from a tertiary care dermatology setting to correlate public perception with prescribing realities. The analysis reveals a profound deficit in diagnostic literacy. Only 18.4% of respondents could correctly identify the viral etiology of vesicular rashes typical of HFMD, while a significant majority (61.9%) admitted to using antibiotics for undiagnosed febrile illnesses.1 Clinical data indicates that while dermatologists largely adhere to WHO AWaRe protocols (69.5% Access group prescriptions), the demand for "quick cures" in the community fuels the misuse of "Watch" group antibiotics like Azithromycin.