In this article the author's name Khalide Jbilou was incorrectly written as Khalid Jbilou. The Original Article has been corrected. Publisher's Note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

We propose a lightning Virtual Element Method that eliminates the stabilisation term by actually computing the virtual component of the local VEM basis functions using a lightning approximation. In particular, the lightning VEM approximates the virtual part of the basis functions using rational functions with poles clustered exponentially close to the corners of each element of the polygonal tessellation. This results in two great advantages. First, the mathematical analysis of a priori error estimates is much easier and essentially identical to the one for any other non-conforming Galerkin discretisation. Second, the fact that the lightning VEM truly computes the basis functions allows the user to access the point-wise value of the numerical solution without needing any reconstruction techniques. The cost of the local construction of the VEM basis is the implementation price that one has to pay for the advantages of the lightning VEM method, but the embarrassingly parallelizable nature of this operation will ultimately result in a cost-efficient scheme almost comparable to standard VEM and FEM.

To integrate large systems of nonlinear differential equations in time, we consider a variant of nonlinear waveform relaxation (also known as dynamic iteration or Picard-Lindelöf iteration), where at each iteration a linear inhomogeneous system of differential equations has to be solved. This is done by the exponential block Krylov subspace (EBK) method. Thus, we have an inner-outer iterative method, where iterative approximations are determined over a certain time interval, with no time stepping involved. This approach has recently been shown to be efficient as a time-parallel integrator within the PARAEXP framework. In this paper, convergence behavior of this method is assessed theoretically and practically. We examine efficiency of the method by testing it on nonlinear Burgers, three-dimensional Liouville-Bratu-Gelfand, and three-dimensional nonlinear heat conduction equations and comparing its performance with that of conventional time-stepping integrators.

A rotation-two-component Camassa-Holm (R2CH) system was proposed recently to describe the motion of shallow water waves under the influence of gravity. This is a highly nonlinear and strongly coupled system of partial differential equations. A crucial issue in designing numerical schemes is to preserve invariants as many as possible at the discrete level. In this paper, we present a provable implicit nonlinear difference scheme which preserves at least three discrete conservation invariants: energy, mass, and momentum, and prove the existence of the difference solution via the Browder theorem. The error analysis is based on novel and refined estimates of the bilinear operator in the difference scheme. By skillfully using the energy method, we prove that the difference scheme not only converges unconditionally when the rotational parameter diminishes, but also converges without any step-ratio restriction for the small energy case when the rotational parameter is nonzero. The convergence orders in both settings (zero or nonzero rotation parameter) are O(τ 2 + h 2 ) for the velocity in the L ∞ -norm and the surface elevation in the L 2 -norm, where τ denotes the temporal stepsize and h the spatial stepsize, respectively. The theoretical predictions are confirmed by a properly designed two-level iteration scheme. Comparing with existing numerical methods in the literature, the proposed method demonstrates its effectiveness for long-time simulation over larger domains and superior resolution for both smooth and non-smooth initial values.