Functional size has been favored as a software characteristic that can be measured early and independent of language, tools, techniques and technology; hence has many uses in software project management. It has been about three decades since Albrecht introduced the concept of functional size. However, Functional Size Measurement (FSM) has not been a common practice in the software community. The problems with FSM method structures and practices have been discussed to be the major factors to explain this situation. In this paper, we make a review of formalization proposals to the problems in Functional Size Measurement (FSM). We analyze the works included in the papers and we explore the extent of their contributions.

In the introduction to a clinical example of a young boy with a traumatic neurosis, this paper reviews the phenomena of psychic trauma. Freud's contribution to the initial description of the phenomena is discussed with consideration of such factors as the “stimulus barrier”, breaks in this “protective shield” and the development of a “traumatic neurosis”. The elaboration of these concepts is followed in their later development in the literature. The clinical example presented by the author is a description of the assessment and treatment of a four-year-old boy who had been mauled by a leopard in a suburban pet store. The presenting complaints at the time of assessment were numerous and of precise onset to the time of the mauling. The boy exhibited disturbance in sleep, clinging, fearful, apprehensive behaviour and marked separation anxiety. All such symptoms appeared as a marked regression in the boy's formerly normal development. The child's course in play therapy is detailed. This highlighted the existence of a number of intrapsychic conflicts involving anger, guilt and the fear of retaliation. The fact that such conflicts predated the traumatic event is postulated to be a determinant of the traumatic process.

With the work of Mahler, Bowlby and others it has been increasingly recognized in recent years that there is a sequential progression in the nature of the first dyadic relationship which forms the basis for the type and quality of subsequent interpersonal transactions. Four levels of development of dyadic relationship may be recognized. To begin with the infant is in a state of not recognizing the existence of the other individual - the autistic phase. At the toddler stage there is awareness of a separateness of physical attributes between the child and the significant other, but the persistence of the symbiotic belief that there is substantial co-extension of mental processes between the two. With further separation and individuation in the pre-school and early school-aged child, a period of magical thinking prevails for varying durations in the child, in which there is an attempt made to retain an omnipotent control of the thinking of the significant other by the mechanism of projection of thought. In the mid-elementary school-aged child the decentering process emphasized by Piaget, together with the emerging capacity for making allowance for the context within which events occur, leads to the dyadic relationship being seen by the child as being mediated through the transactions of two autonomous mental apparatuses. Dependent upon the quality of the first dyadic relationships, the nature of the communication which occurs in them, of traumatic psychological events and of the integrity of the integrated forces of personality formation, residues of earlier modes of perceiving the dyadic relationship may be encountered. Examples of these in adolescent and adult patients are given. The recognition of the possibility of shifts in the perception of the levels of the dyadic relationship is of importance in the conduct of individual pschotherapy, as the therapist can then deal more realistically with such topics as the establishment of goals, the management of the modes and quality of communication, as well as of transference and counter-transference relationships. This is particularly true of the treatment of patients with poorly integrated personalities. The fluctuations referred to are seen most dramatically with some schizophrenic patients.

On a tente de decouvrir separemment dans une collecte d'urine d'une duree de vingtquatre heures, la presence de la bufotenine, du N,N-dimethyltryptamine et 5-methoxydimethyltryptamine et egalement ...

RésuméLes observations faites au cours de 30 interviews conduites avec infusion intraveneuse de méthylphenidate (0.5 mg/kg) sont examinées en termes diagnostiques et therapeutiques. Les différentes réactions de quatre groupes de patients diagnostiqués comme schizophrénique, dépréssif, alcoolique, et personnalité antisociale’ sont décrites sous formes de: a) la reconnaissance d'une sensation de “high” ou d'un “rush,” b) ventilation, c) abréaction, et d) l'activation de symptômes psychotiques. Une augmentation en loquacité et confiance pendant les interviews furent les deux observations les plus communes. L'activation de symptômes psychotiques préexistant ne fut observée que dans le cas des schizophréniques. La reconnaissance d'une sensation de “high” ou d'un “rush” ne fut pas révèlée par les schizophréniques et les personnalités antisociales. Les alcooliques et les personnalités antisociales furent peu d'abréaction pendant que les dépréssifs furent le plus.L'interview est vue comme psychotherapeutique en renforcant le rapport entre le docteur et le patient, en soulagant la tension, en favorisant la compréhension de soi-même, et en démontrant les défenses psychotiques et neurotiques. Bien que relativement sans danger les auteurs recommandent que cette technique ne soit utilisée que dans un milieu hospitalier ou une surveillance convenable peut être faite jusqu’ au prochain jour.