According to the WHO experts, “cancer is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide”. In 2022, 624,835 cases of malignant neoplasms were detected for the first time in the Russian Federation.

Colorectal cancer has been one of the leading malignant neoplasms in males and females over many years. The vast majority of patients (70%) with colon lesions develop distant metastases to the liver, which are the main cause of death.

The need for searching for new methods of antitumor therapy is due to the sharp increase in morbidity and mortality from cancer, as well as because of the fact that conventional chemo- and radiotherapy are often insufficiently effective owing to the development of tumor cells resistance. Plasmonic photothermal therapy (PPT) is a method based on tumor hyperthermia by laser heating of metal nanoparticles with plasmon resonance properties.

Kidney stones are solid deposits that usually form in the kidneys. These deposits can be very small, the size of a grain of sand, or be larger than that. They may take different shapes and cause several symptoms. The pain is usually caused by the movement of stones into the urinary tract, causing irritation and swelling of the surrounding tissue. The research was conducted in At Al-Sadr Teaching hospital The number of patients was 150 samples, 100 of which were males and 50 of which were females. The age of the patients was 40.141±1.77 for males and 2.7±44.234 for females. The clinical results for symptoms of fever were 38.% yes, while 62% there was no fever and The clinical findings. of Vomiting and Nausea 49% were yes, while 51% there was no Vomiting and Nausea as well as The clinical findings of Pain and Severe back spasms 13% were yes, while 87% there was no Pain and Severe back spasms and also The clinical findings of Severe pain in the Right flank.12% were yes, while 88% there was no Pain and 87 Severe back spasms. Clinical results for symptoms of Pain in the Ribs and Rib Cage were 38% yes, while 62% there was no Pain in the Ribs and Rib Cage while The clinical findings of Burning During Urination 12% were yes, while 88% there was no Burning During Urination, the clinical findings of Frequent Urination a Number of Times 50% were yes, while 50% there was no Frequent Urination a Number of Times symptoms and clinical findings of Urinating a Small Amount of Urine and The clinical findings of Dark or Red Urine in the same percentage, while The clinical findings of Does Urination Smell bad 12.5% were yes, while 87.5% there was no Does Urination Smell bad and The clinical findings of Feeling pain when Urinating 14% were yes, while 86% there was no feeling pain when urinating. This shows that kidney stones have a clear clinical effect.

The article is an in-depth analysis of modern approaches to pain management in pediatrics, focused on the role of the anesthesiologist and pediatrician in providing optimal therapy. As part of this study, the authors highlight various aspects of pain management, ranging from pharmacological methods to non-pharmacological techniques such as psychological support and procedural pain relief. Special attention is paid to an individual approach to each patient, taking into account his age, physiological characteristics, as well as chronic diseases or features of pathologies. The authors analyze and compare existing standards and recommendations in the field of pain relief for children, discuss their applicability and effectiveness in a practical context. Practical tips and strategies for anesthesiologists and pediatricians aimed at optimizing the processes of anesthesia and improving the quality of medical care provided to children are presented. The problems faced by specialists in the field of anesthesia in children are also considered, and also suggests ways to overcome them through the development of innovative methods and techniques of anesthesia.

Using an example of one patient, who smoked, who was found in some other stressful situations for 50 years and later suffered an acute myocardial infarction, the dynamics of the state of the cardiovascular system in cardiometric studies is shown herein. The results showed a direct relationship between the deterioration of the cardiovascular system performance and long-term smoking accompanied by some other stress types. Using the diagnostic capabilities of cardiometry, it was possible not only to avoid open heart surgery in the patient in question, but also to restore the cardiovascular system performance after two stenting operations. It has been shown that for the restoration of the cardiovascular system performance after an acute infarction, along with stenting, constant breathing exercises using one of the widespread conventional breathing training systems are extremely important.

The article discusses modern methods of diagnosis of gynecological diseases. In recent years, there has been significant progress in the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in medicine, including gynecology. This paper presents an overview of modern methods of diagnosing gynecological diseases using AI. The authors consider various approaches, such as machine learning and deep learning, and describe their advantages in the context of improving diagnostic accuracy and speed. Special attention is paid to the analysis of large volumes of medical data, which allow us to create more effective diagnostic algorithms. Additionally, the potential of integrating AI into clinical practice and its impact on improving the quality of medical care for women is being considered, opening up new prospects in the field of gynecology.

Pyelonephritis is a serious disease that is widespread in Iraq and is mostly caused by Gram-negative bacteria, which are highly contagious and can spread from an infected person to others. The aim of this article was to evaluate the immunomodulatory role of Monocyte chemotactic protein-3 (MCP3) in the blood serum of patients with acute pyelonephritis and chronic pyelonephritis. A group of patients suspected of having nephritis were sampled in Najaf city, Iraq. Clinical and biochemical tests were performed to confirm their infection. Where 30 patients had acute pyelonephritis and 30 patients had chronic pyelonephritis, in addition to 29 healthy people who were considered control. MPC-3 was measured in the serum of the affected person using ELISA technology. MPC3 levels were significantly elevated (P < 0.05) in the group of patients with pyelonephritis compared with the control group. The chronic pyelonephritis group showed higher levels of MPC-3 in blood serum (P < 0.05) compared to the acute pyelonephritis group. This study showed that MPC-3 is related to pyelonephritis and can be used to help in diagnose the disease.

Background; Atrial septal defect (ASD) is one of the most common congenital heart diseases. Right ventricular (RV) dysfunction is closely related to patient outcome in open and closed ASD closure. Aim of work; to quantify RV function in patients with chronic RV volume overload due to an ASD before and after its percutaneous closure. Subjects & methods; In this prospective study which included 40 patients with secundum type ASD and normal sinus rhythm who underwent successful percutaneous ASD closure procedure at Cardiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University; and Cardiology Department, national-heart-institute. All patients underwent full history taking, clinical examination, ecg & echocardiography including assessment of LA, LV, RA & RV functions & dimensions with special emphasis on TAPSE, RV MPI & 2D speckle tracking. Result: LA diameters (mm) were decreased significantly after ASD closure; Antero-posterior, Medio-lateral, and Apico-basal. RA diameters (mm) were decreased significantly after ASD closure; PASP was decreased significantly after ASD closure. LVEF% was increased significantly after ASD closure. TAPSE was increased significantly after ASD closure. RV end diastolic diameters were decreased significantly after ASD closure. Pulsed Doppler RV MPI was decreased significantly after ASD closure. RV longitudinal strain (%) was increased significantly after ASD closure. there was a positive correlation among delta RVSTE and delta LVEF and TAPSE. Also, there was a negative correlation among delta RVSTE and delta RV MPI, RV end diastolic diameter, RA diameters, and PASP. Conclusion; Our study demonstrated significant improvements in multiple echocardiographic measures of cardiac structure and function including reduced LA/RA diameters, decreased PASP, increased LVEF, higher TAPSE, reduced RVEDD, lower RV MPI, and increased RV longitudinal strain at one month post-procedure. These changes indicate reversal of the chronic volume and pressure overload on the right heart caused by the left-to-right shunt, resulting in measurable reverse remodeling and improved mechanics of the right ventricle.

High blood pressure is considered a major factor for the development of heart disease and vascular disease in elderly people, due to higher tension in arteries leading to hypertension. PCSK9 is a proprotein convertase that increases circulating LDL levels by directing hepatic LDL receptors into lysosomes for degradation. The effects of PCSK9 on hepatic LDL receptors and contribution to atherosclerosis via the induction of hyperlipidemia are well defined. Methods: The case-control study included (90) subjects divided into sixty (60) male patients. Samples were collected for patients with high blood pressure in Al-Sadr Medical City in Najaf Al-Ashraf / Iraq, and laboratory tests were conducted to measure the lipid profile in Al-Sadr Medical City laboratories. Height and weight were measured, and other information was also collected. The ELISA test was performed in the advanced animal laboratory in the college’s Department of Biology. Department of Science/University of Kufa. The study was conducted by collecting samples and measuring all factors in the period from 1/11/2023 to 2/2/2024. A control group study of 30 men was also conducted. All groups that appeared healthy were matched in age, and patients with diabetes, kidney disease and heart disease were excluded from the study, as well as any other systemic diseases. Conclusion: The present study concluded that PCSK9considered as a prognostic marker for prediction of hypertension. Also, PCSK9 was very related in hypertensive patients with hyperlipidemia (cholesterol, TG, LDL, & HDL). High biomarker level associated with ages especially at new diagnosis without treatment and with short duration of disease. Smoking plays important roles with high a level of PCSK9 in hypertensive patients. The genetic may play a role in present study by high level of This biomarker in familial hypertensive patients. Obesity has a crucial role in in hypertensive patients with high PCSK9 level.