The results of the study of hemodynamic parameters in individuals of different age groups, the patterns of their age dynamics and the peculiarities of their influence on the formation of arterial hypo- and hypertension are presented. Based on the systematization of the profiles of systemic hemodynamics, clarifications in the pathogenesis of arterial hypertension are proposed. The rationale for an innovative approach to the choice of antihypertensive therapy, depending on the personal profile of hemodynamic parameters, is given.

Oncological diseases are characterized by the complexity of pathogenesis and demonstrate a number of specific signs, such as uncontrolled proliferation, stimulation of angiogenesis, activation of invasion and metastasis. Molecular genetic testing to examine genetic abnormalities in tumor cells has been increasingly using in oncology. With an accumulation of the data on the repertoire of mutations or other events in the patient’s tumors, new goals for the development of more targeted and specific antitumor therapies appear. For example, membrane proteins EGFR, HER-2, PSMA and C-met are identified as such targets. Despite the large volume of research conducted, no more than 11% of the total drug candidates are approved by regulatory authorities for clinical use. This is often due to their lack of effectiveness and the incomparability of the results obtained in preclinical trials in animal models with actual results in patients. Therefore, the development of experimental approaches for modeling tumor processes in laboratory animals is an urgent problem.

Morphological studies represent the most important part of evidence-based medicine, and in oncology they are an essential attribute in the diagnostics of malignant neoplasms. In experimental oncology, current models of the tumor growth are developed to be as close as possible to the actual biological life conditions. There is a need to study the pathogenesis of tumors in various variants of their orthotopic growth, the formation of bi-model systems with a combination of the malignant growth and comorbid conditions (chronic neurogenic pain, diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, obesity), the use of subcellular substrates for the induction of carcinogenesis and biotherapy. Among the important methods for studying the pathogenesis of tumors, morphology is on a par with advanced molecular genetic and biochemical methods, as well as radioimmunoassay techniques.Morphological studies represent the most important part of evidence-based medicine, and in oncology they are an essential attribute in the diagnostics of malignant neoplasms. In experimental oncology, current models of the tumor growth are developed to be as close as possible to the actual biological life conditions. There is a need to study the pathogenesis of tumors in various variants of their orthotopic growth, the formation of bi-model systems with a combination of the malignant growth and comorbid conditions (chronic neurogenic pain, diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, obesity), the use of subcellular substrates for the induction of carcinogenesis and biotherapy. Among the important methods for studying the pathogenesis of tumors, morphology is on a par with advanced molecular genetic and biochemical methods, as well as radioimmunoassay techniques.

Scientists agree that three-dimensional tumor cell cultures reflect the in vitro biological features of malignant tumors to a greater extent than it is the case with the conventional monolayer cultures. In particular, the results of assessing the effectiveness of anticancer drugs obtained in three-dimensional cell models are considered as more accurate and consistent with the tumor response in vivo, where sensitivity is usually lower than that found in the in vitro experiments. Some of the most developed cellular models are structures obtained using three-dimensional bioprinting, which include not only malignant cells, but also biogels to imitate the chemical and mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix of the tumor.

Depending on the individual resistance to hypoxia, many cell-adaptive reactions are formed, but the mechanisms of their occurrence are still not clear. Hypoxia is associated with many biological processes, including pathogenic microbial infection, cancer, acute and chronic diseases, and more other. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) regulate the expression of a number of genes involved in cellular metabolism, cell growth/death, cell proliferation, glycolysis, immune response, tumorigenesis, and metastasis. The brain and the heart are the organs most sensitive to oxygen deficiency, and their mitochondria, as the primary consumers of cellular oxygen, help tune cellular and organismal responses to hypoxia through structural or functional modifications. To date, there have been no comparative studies of the ultrastructural features of brain and cardiac mitochondria in animals demonstrating different tolerance types to oxygen deficiency: low-resistance (LR) and high resistance (HR) to hypoxia, which influence the general resistance of the body to oxygen deficiency.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is rod-shaped with Gram-negative pathogens. It causes disease in humans and animals. P. aeruginosa interferes with the burn cure rates and can lead to increased death among the patients. The current study aims to detect pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates using the classical biochemical methods and polymerase chain reaction technique after isolating pseudomonas aeruginosa from burns cases in Baghdad-Iraq. A sterile swab takes Fifty samples randomly from Al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital and Kadhemia Hospital. All samples were inoculated on rich media and then submitted to staining by gram stain and the biochemical tests (lactose fermenter, oxidase, and catalase….). The positive samples for biochemical tests are submitted to the PCR test for confirmation diagnosis. All the data related to age and gender are recorded to determine the epidemiological aspects. The findings demonstrate that the percentage of p. aeruginosa in burn cases using biochemical testing was 17/50 (34%), and the percentage of p. aeruginosa isolates from burn samples using the PCR technique was 13/17 (76.4%). In addition, the percentage of P. aeruginosa isolates using PCR in the males was 8/13 (61.5%), while the percentage of p. aeruginosa isolates using PCR in the females was 5/13 (38.4%). The infection percentage in the age groups (1-10), (11-20), (21-30), (31-40), and (41-50) years were (7.6%), (7.6%), (7.6%), (30.7%), and (46.1%), respectively. The conclusion is that PCR is an accurate method for detecting Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection is occurring higher in burn males than in burn females. Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection occurs more in the elderly than in young children.

In our research work, we have considered the structures of some anthrax antigens, their design and functions, as well as the genetic apparatus encoding them. The study is of interest to those practicing microbiologists and researchers whose area of interest includes knowledge of the regulation of infection processes and subsequent transformations of Bacillus anthracis spores in the host organism. Pathways for the expression of B. anthracis pathogenic genes, the factors influencing them, as well as ways to use patterns in gene expression to increase the immunization in experimental animals by combining various experimental vaccines, which are currently used in preventive practice in different countries of the world and in particular in the Russian Federation, are considered in detail herein. In addition, the article may be of interest to scientists and researchers conducting research in the field of creating new immunizing agents based either on the anthrax genome or some parts thereof.

The aim was to study changes in the functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis in BALB/c Nude mice of both sexes with multiple primary malignant tumors (MPMTs). The BALB/c Nude mice (n=84) of both sexes were divided into groups as follows: intact males and females (n=14), a reference group of mice of both sexes with standard subcutaneous inoculation of B16/F10 melanoma (n=14); the main group of mice with the reproduction of the MPMT model (n=14); B16/ F10 melanoma and Lewis carcinoma were inoculated into mice sequentially subcutaneously on two sides: one on the left side and the other on the right side. After 15 days of the growth of the malignant tumors, GnRH, LH and FSH contents were determined by ELISA using standard kits in 1% of the homogenates of the hypothalamic and pituitary tissues, and estradiol content (E2) was determined in 10% homogenates of ovaries and testes, as well concentrations of testosterone (T) and progesterone (P4) were identified in blood serum with the standard RIA kits (Immunotech, Czech Republic). Results. In the hypothalamus in females of the reference and main groups, the level of GnRH increased by 2.5-4 times, and in males it decreased by an average of 3.1 times; in response to those changes in animals of both sexes in the reference group and in the main group only in females in the pituitary gland the level of LH increased by 1.3-1.6 times, however a decrease in FSH in all groups was more pronounced in females: by 7.8-13.7 times and less pronounced in males: by 1.4-1.7 times (р˂0, 05). In the gonads of females, the level of E2 increased, but the levels of T and P4 decreased, while P4 increased in males. Blood parameters did not reflect hormonal changes in the organs. Conclusion. Abnormalities in the HHG axis performance, along with primary immunodeficiency, play a decisive role in overcoming antitumor protection for uncharacteristic malignant tumors.

Breast cancer is the second most common cancer in the world. The ovarian hormone, estrogen plays its role in stimulating breast cell division, breast growth and development and support of the growth of estrogens-responsive tumors. A recently characterized key molecule to breast cancer cell is Lemur tyrosine kinase-3 (LMTK3). LMTK3, belonging to receptor tyrosine kinase family, has been identified as a key protein involved in breast cancer and endocrine resistance. LMTK3 is involved at molecular level for invasion of cells throughout the surrounding tissue, breaching of tissue barrier and permeation of cancer cells using several mechanism. The computational approach is followed for the designing of specific inhibitors against human LMTK3 towards breast cancer treatment. With the use of 3D model of lemur tyrosine kinase3 domain structure and ATP binding site, ATP competitive inhibitors are used to screen the top inhibitors using the AutoDock Vina and AutoDock. The virtual screening and followed by re-docking methods result in identification of Dabrafenib and Axitinib are potent inhibitors for LMTK3 with effective complex formation. Thus, our results reveal the structural mechanism of the LMTK3 inhibition and proposed inhibitors can be used in breast cancer treatment with further experimental study.

Background The increasing threat of workplace violence in the health sector in Sudan is a multifactorial problem which displayed lack of trust in doctors and health care workers (HCWs). Objective To study assaults against HCWs employed in Haj Elsafie Teaching Hospital, Khartoum North Sudan. Method An analytical cross-sectional hospital-based study was carried between September 2018 and October 2019. The data was collected through semi-structured questionnaire. Results The prevalence of assaults was 59.6% among 240 participants. Over history females get assaulted most with significant statistical association (p=0.024). Mostly doctors, lab doctors and nurses gone through assault and most of the incidence were happened at medicine department, with a significant statistical association (p=0.038). Verbal assaults were the most frequent among all jobs types, but sexual assault remains high in female. It was found that only 25.8% assault victim filed an official report to the hospital administration. Majority of assault victim explain that they found it unnecessary to report (54.0%), they believed hospital will not take action (30.0%) and assailant will not face any consequences (17.0%). Only, 5.0% disclosed feared from assailant. Conclusion High prevalence of assault incidents among HCWs were found yet official report filing to hospital administration remains low. While poor quality of care was believed to be the main reason for the assault. Training HCWs to deal with patients and teaching them proper communication skills is essential.