Chlorine-coordinated iron phthalocyanine is designed and synthesized for 4 e- pathway oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Iron phthalocyanine (FePc) is a promising nonprecious catalyst for the ORR. Unfortunately, FePc with plane-symmetric Fe-N4 site usually exhibits an unsatisfactory ORR activity due to its poor O2 adsorption and activation. In this work, Chlorine-coordinated iron phthalocyanine (Cl-FePc) has been studied as a catalyst for the electrochemical ORR. Coordination of iron phthalocyanine with chlorine introduces additional active sites for ORR, improving its catalytic activity. The chlorine atoms enhance the electron transfer process and facilitate the ORR validated by in situ Raman spectroscopy. The obtained catalyst exhibits fast kinetics for O2 adsorption and activation with an ultralow Tafel slope of 30 mV dec-1 and a remarkable half-wave potential of 0.80 V. This work offers a new strategy to regulate catalytic sites for better performance ORR.

Oil extraction from reservoirs has never been easy, particularly when easily accessible oil sources run out. Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) is a dynamic area of petroleum engineering that seeks to maximize the quantity of crude oil that can be retrieved from an oil field. Researchers and oil producers have emphasized assessing tertiary-stage recovery approaches, such as chemical EOR (CEOR), due to the problems posed by the diverse carbonate rocks. Polymers and surfactants used in CEOR procedures have the potential to harm formation and contaminate the environment. The environmentally beneficial "green enhanced oil recovery" (GEOR) technique includes infusing green fluids to raise tertiary oil output and boost macroscopic and microscopic sweep efficiency, ensuring sustainable practices while minimizing environmental concerns. Utilizing eco-friendly carbon nanomaterials such as biomass-based carbon dots (CDs), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene, and their derivatives for EOR and reservoir monitoring applications represents a promising frontier in the petroleum industry. These particles are pricey and do not extend to GEOR but have been successfully tested in EOR. This innovative approach capitalizes on the unique properties of these nanomaterials to improve the efficiency and sustainability of oil extraction processes. This review aims to explore biomass-derived carbon nanoparticles and investigate their possible functions in GEOR. Furthermore, the use of carbon particles in the GEOR approach is still poorly understood; thus, there needs to be a lot of credentials. The effectiveness, sustainability, and environmental responsibility of petroleum production operations can be enhanced by incorporating carbon nanomaterials from biomass into enhanced oil recovery systems. An environmentally friendly and more resilient energy future may be possible if research and development in this area are allowed to continue. This might completely change how oil resources are found and used.

Invasive alien vegetation brought about by various human activities has grown to be a significant threat to the ecosystem and its diversity; therefore, control strategies to combat this threat are being explored. This review aims to investigate the prospect of using biochar specifically from alien vegetation as a support material for the proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell electrocatalyst, highlighting the need to move to green energy and invest in Eco conservation. The use of biochar derived from alien vegetation as carbon support for the platinum (Pt) electrocatalyst for PEM fuel cells is an interesting field that is slowly gaining momentum. Biochar has the potential to be used as a carbon support due to its high specific surface, area, and intrinsic property needed for an electrocatalyst support. The current widely used electrocatalyst, which is Pt supported on carbon black, has shown to suffer from corrosion which weakens the bond between the support and the Pt nanoparticles, leading to instability and resistance; therefore, alternative supports are needed also to decrease the Pt loading as it is expensive. The focus of this review is on the benefits and prospects of these cheap green resources in increasing efforts to conserve the environment.

A bromotropone corresponding to the agylcone of the glycosylated sesquiterpenoid natural product liriosmaside A has been prepared over ten steps and in a fully regio-controlled manner through the gem-dibromocyclopropane-mediated ring-expansion of a readily accessible decalenone. A Pd[0]-mediated glucosylation reaction applied to this bromotropone afforded a product mixture from which an enantiomerically pure cross-coupling product could be obtained and its structure confirmed through single-crystal X-ray analysis of a derivative. Various (unsuccessful) attempts are described to selectively acylate the last compound and thereby install the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid or HMGA-containing side chain of the title natural product. A literature survey of other natural products embodying the HMGA motif suggest that liriosmaside A and its co-metabolite liriosmaside B could be S-configured at C3". The evaluation of the glucosylated tropone in a series of anti-bacterial, anti-fungal and cytotoxicity assays reveals that it is inactive in all of these and so emphasizing the prospect that this and related troponoids, including the natural products liriosmaside A and B, can serve as useful models for new anti-viral agents.

Heterocyclic compounds, particularly aryl quinolines, are of paramount importance in pharmaceuticals, materials science, and agrochemicals owing to their diverse biological and physicochemical properties. However, traditional synthesis methods often rely on organic solvents and catalysts, which raise environmental and health concerns while requiring high energy inputs. This study addresses these challenges by applying the principles of green chemistry to develop a sustainable, efficient, and environmentally friendly synthetic route for aryl quinolines.

Tau protein aggregation is the most significant factor in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis, and the accumulation of metal ions in the brain is considered a key factor in the development of this disease. Tau protein exhibits two distinct aggregate structures: fibrillar and non‐fibrillar aggregates. In this study, we conducted the first detailed study of the interactions of tau protein with three different concentrations of Zn2+, Cu2+, and Fe3+ions. Our findings demonstrate that low concentrations (0.01 mM) of these metal ions promote tau fibrillation, while higher concentrations (1 mM) induce non‐fibrillar aggregates. We have investigated the structural changes of tau by using advanced techniques such as SDS‐PAGE, DTNB, AFM, CD and fluorescence spectroscopy. At low concentrations, Zn2+ ions produced shorter fibrils, whereas Cu2+ and Fe3+ ions resulted in longer fibrils. CD showed increased β‐sheet structures with a decrease in random coil content. Interestingly, Cu2+ ions caused a significant decrease in neuronal viability. Our data highlights a new approach that illuminates the different ways in which the metal ions distinctively cause tau fibrillar versus non‐fibrillar aggregates, linked to neurotoxicity and neurodegeneration.

In recent years, there has been a rise in the use of electrochemical and advanced oxidation methods to treat the industrial wastewater. The efficiency of several approaches for treating industrial wastewater, including hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), electro-Fenton (EF) and pulsed-electro-Fenton (PEF) processes were all investigated. In evaluation to the H2O2, EF, and PEF technologies, the results showed that the PEF process produced 100 % total color and 98 % chemcial oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency with a low consumption of power of 3.4 kWhrm-3. The experimental parameters comprised the following: COD - 2500 mg L-1, pH - 3, H2O2 - 300 mg L-1, distance between electrode - 0.75 cm, current - 0.40 A, cycle of pulse duty - 0.75, combination of electrode - Fe/Fe, stirring speed - 500 rpm and treatment duration (TD) - 125 min. It was demonstrated that increasing the TD, current, and H2O2 while lowering the COD content improved the COD elimination efficiency while employing a iron (Fe/Fe) electrode combination with wastewater pH of 3. The efficiency of the EF process has been reduced in comparison to the PEF process because of the development of an impermeable oxide layer on the cathode and the oxidation-induced corrosion on the anode. Consequently, experimental results have indicated that the PEF could be a more promising technology than the EF method for eliminating pollutants from wastewater with reduced power consumption and process efficiency.

The thermal unfolding of lysozyme in aqueous solution has been analyzed by (nano) differential scanning fluorimetry (nanoDSF) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). In addition, dynamic light scattering (DLS) acquired in parallel to the DSF measurements, was used to confirm that the change in hydrodynamic radius upon unfolding is rather small (RH,f =1.75 nm in the folded state; and RH,u=1.91 nm in the unfolded state). NanoDSF measurements were evaluated to characterize the folding/unfolding transition within the classical two‐state folding model. The temperature of unfolding (Tm) is found to be the most robust quantity. The unfolding enthalpy ΔHuand the change of specific heat were also obtained and errors in the range of 5–10 % and 30–50 % were determined, respectively. A comparison of thermodynamic parameters from nanoDSF and DSC measurements provides evidence for an increasing unfolding enthalpy ΔHuwith protein concentration. A comparison with data from literature suggests that a weak association in the folded state can lead to the observed change of the unfolding enthalpy. For Δcp significantly higher values is deduced from the analysis of temperature dependent nanoDSF measurements (10 kJ/(K mol)) as compare to DSC (3–5 kJ/(K mol)).

A series of C,O-chelated organotin(IV) alkoxides, L2PhSnOtBu (4), L2PhSnOMe (6), L2Sn(OtBu)2 (11), and siloxides L2PhSnOSiPh3 (3), L2Sn(OSiPh3)2 (10) (L=[2-(CH2O)2CH]C6H4), was prepared by salt elimination reactions. They were obtained from the organotin(IV) iodides L2PhSnI (1) or L2SnI2 (2) upon reactions with tBuOK, MeONa or Ph3SiONa, respectively, in dry THF or methanol. Under non-inert conditions, compounds 4 and 6 undergo combined hydrolysis and condensation to give the hexaorganodistannoxane (L2PhSn)2O (5). The stannoxane 5 is easily hydrolysed to L2PhSnOH (7), which quickly converts back when heated. Basic hydrolysis of diiodide 2 produces the cyclic oxide (L2SnO)3 (8). Its reaction with an equimolar amount of Ph3SiONa gives only a mixture of the expected L2SnI(OSiPh3) (9), 10 and the precursor, 2. Yet, 8 shows a unique reactivity pattern when combine with m-tolyl boronic acid, affording stannaboroxane (L2SnO)2OB(m-tol) (12). All the isolated species were characterised in solution by NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The solid-state molecular structures of 1-5, 10-12 were established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD). Additionally, thermogravimetric analysis of 3-5, 8, 10, and 12 was conducted.

Colorectal cancer is the second most common cause of cancer‐related deaths worldwide and the third most common cancer overall. In this study, we investigate the anti‐colon cancer potential of phytochemically, and thermally synthesised novel green carbon dots based on Rhododendron luteum (RL‐CDs). A new synthesis method was used to produce carbon dots obtained from the Rhododendron luteum (RL) plant in an environmentally friendly manner. The green RL were characterized using Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV‐Vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and artificial intelligence (AI)‐based TEM analysis. The FTIR spectrum showed peaks corresponding to the hydroxyl (−OH) vibration of polyphenols at 3500 cm−1, the C=O vibration of cellulose derivatives at 1728 cm−1, and the C−O stretching of primary alcohol at 1041 cm−1. Two UV absorption peaks at roughly 253 nm (UV−C range), and 320 nm (UV−B range) were observed. The size of the green RL was measured to be less than 50 nm, and its morphology was characterized as dumbbell‐shaped through TEM analysis. In‐vitro studies were performed with HCT116 colon cancer, MCF‐7 breast cancer, and normal HUVEC cells. The results demonstrated that the RL‐CDs exhibited selective cytotoxic activity against HCT116 colon cancer cells. The results show that the RL extract stimulates cancer cell death by decreasing the CD44/24 ratio, and increasing apoptotic activity. These observations suggest that green RL‐CDs could be an effective anticancer agent in colon cancer therapy, investigating their potential in this direction could be a promising way for future research.