Objective To explore the methods and effects of cultivating altruistic behavior of nursing students. Methods Using convenience sampling method, a total of 189 nursing students from a higher vocational and technical college internship at Pingdingshan the Second People's Hospital from June 2018 to March 2019 were selected as research objects. According to the serial number of practice, the selected students were randomly divided into the study group (n=95) and the control group (n=94) . The control group rotated the department after 1 week of routine internship training. One week after the routine internship training, the study group increased altruistic behavior training and volunteer service for a total of three weeks, including: special lectures on humanistic care, sharing of narrative nursing cases, organization of participation in voluntary activities, emergency processing techniques, presentation of model reports around, and so on. Altruistic behavior was evaluated, and the result was one of the conditions for the selection of excellent interns. After the internship, the altruistic behavior of the two groups of interns was investigated, and the scores of each item and each dimension of altruistic behavior of the two groups were compared. Results In the two groups of nursing students' altruistic behavior, there were significant differences in the three dimensions, such as attitude, behavior and quality, scores of each item and total scores (P<0.01) . Conclusions Hospital nursing managers should actively train nursing students in altruistic behavior, so as to promote the formation of altruistic behavior of nursing students and facilitate the development of nursing students' career. Key words: Nursing student; Altruistic behavior; Clinical practice; Training method

Objective To explore the influence of spiritual care training program on nurses' spiritual well-being and spiritual care competency. Methods From March to September 2018, a total of 80 nurses working in a provincial cancer hospital were recruited by voluntary registration to participate in this study. They were randomly divided into experimental group (n=40) and control group (n=40) by random number table. The experimental group received the specially designed spiritual care training twice a month for 6 consecutive months on the basis of regular vocational studies. The main forms included expert lectures, group interventions, providing spiritual care for cancer patients, and clinical case reporting. The control group participated in the vocational study organized by the hospital for 6 consecutive months. Before and after the training, the Nurses' Spiritual Health Scale and the Spiritual Care Cognitive Scale were used to investigate and test the nurses in two groups, and the implementation effect was compared. Results After 6 months of training, the total scores of Nurses' Spiritual Health Scale and the Spiritual Care Cognitive Scale in the experimental group were (106.30±8.72) and (185.75±16.53) , which were higher than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (t=5.38, 4.52; P<0.01) ; the scores in each dimension were also higher than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (t=2.22-5.22, P<0.05) . And in the experimental group the total scores and scores in each dimension of Nurses' Spiritual Health Scale and the Spiritual Care Cognitive Scale after the intervention were higher than before the intervention, and the differences were statistically significant (t=3.18-8.99, P<0.01) . Conclusions The spiritual care training program based on the concept of self-growth with patients can improve nurses' spiritual well-being and nurses' perceptions of spiritual care. Key words: Nurses; Spiritual care; Spiritual well-being; Perceptions of spiritual care

Objective To explore the effects of cluster nursing and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) nursing in patients with severe acute pancreatitis. Methods Totally 76 patients with severe acute pancreatitis admitted in Yantai Zhifu Hospital from January 2017 to December 2018 were selected by convenient sampling and divided into the control group (n=38) and the observation group (n=38) according to the random number table. Patients in the control group received routine nursing, while patients in the observation group received cluster nursing and TCM nursing on this basis. The nursing effect, quality of life, related hospitalization indicators, and nursing satisfaction rate were observed and analyzed between the two groups. Results The total effective rate of nursing in the observation group was 89.47% (24/38) , which was higher than 63.15% (24/38) in the control group (P<0.05) ; the the MOS Item Short From Health Survey score in the observation group was higher than that in the control group, and the hospitalization costs and length of hospital stay in the observation group were less than those in the control group , nursing satisfaction rate in the observation group was higher than control group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05) . Conclusions The implementation of cluster nursing and TCM nursing for patients with severe acute pancreatitis can enhance the nursing effect, reduce the treatment cost, and improve the quality of life of patients. Key words: Pancreatitis; Quality of life; Cluster nursing; Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) nursing; Nursing effect; Satisfaction

Objective To explore the development and management of cancer day-chemotherapy ward in Sichuan Province so as to provide a basis for standardized development. Methods From January to November 2018, this study selected totals of 64 ClassⅡ orⅢ hospitals from 21 cities and autonomous prefectures in Sichuan Province by convenience sampling as subjects. All of subjects were investigated with the self-designed Cancer Day-Chemotherapy Ward Management Questionnaire. Frequency and percentage were used to descriptive statistics. Results In Sichuan, there were 15 ClassⅡ orⅢ hospitals with cancer day-chemotherapy service distributed in developed culture and economic areas of Central Sichuan. Patients with clear consciousness, light condition and self-care met inclusive criteria were selected in day-chemotherapy ward by all hospitals, and 40.00% (6/15) hospitals not accepted patients with the initial chemotherapy. Management modes were mainly day-care ward in words-oriented; staffing were mainly professional nurses and rotation doctors. There were 60.00% (9/15) of hospitals installed with the humanistic equipment and emergency area; 40.00% (6/15) of hospitals centralized allocation of chemotherapeutic drugs; 80.00% (12/15) of hospitals formulated quality control standards. Conclusions Cancer day-chemotherapy wards are uneven distributed in Sichuan Province. There are differences in the development models, consulting models, management models, staffing, environments, occupational protections and quality control among hospitals. Management needs to be standardized further. Unified basic standards and management rules should be built to promote the development of cancer day-chemotherapy ward. Key words: Neoplasms; Sichuan Province; Day-chemotherapy; Current situation survey

Objective To explore the occurrence of pain in the treatment of children with malignant tumors and their perception and cognition of pain, and provide a reference for strengthening pain management and formulating clinical nursing measures. Methods Totally 179 children with malignant tumors admitted in the daytime wards of a ClassⅢ Grade A children's hospital in Beijing from June 2017 to October 2018 were selected and investigated with the self-made pain questionnaire for children with malignant tumors. Totally 179 questionnaires were distributed and collected in this study, accounting for an effective recovery rate of 100%. Results The incidence of pain in the 179 children was 98.3% (176/179) . The severest pain score was (5.41±2.09) , and the average pain score was (3.95±1.66) . Pain involved the abdomen, lower limbs, oral mucosa, bones and joints, waist, back, upper limbs, chest, perianal mucosa, neck, head and face, perineum, ear, nose, throat and eyes. Totally 83.8% (150/179) of the children informed the medical staff in time when the pain occurred, hoping to get analgesic treatment; 35.2% of the children were willing to receive analgesics. In the 179 Children, the children believed that 84.6% of the pain was related to the treatment procedure; 46.6% (82/179) was related to the disease itself; and the most unbearable treatment procedure was lumbar puncture/ intrathecal injection. Conclusions Children with malignant tumors have a higher incidence and severity of pain during the treatment of the disease, and the pain is widespread. Most children hope to receive analgesic treatment, but they do not have enough knowledge about analgesics. Medical staff should pay attention to the pain of children with malignant tumors, strengthen pain management, and take measures to reduce and even avoid treatment-related pain. Key words: Neoplasms; Children; Pain; Malignant; Investigation

Objective To explore the effects of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) prevention and control project on preventing DVT in inpatients of Vascular Surgery Department. Methods In June 2018, the DVT prevention and control team formed in Vascular Surgery Department of Beijing Hospital investigated the cognition of medical staff in Vascular Surgery Department on thrombosis by electronic questionnaire and built the thrombosis prevention and control management system. The cognition of medical staff on thrombosis and incidence of thrombosis in inpatients was compared before (January 2018 to June 2018) and after (July 2018 to December 2018) implementing the project. Results Before and after implementing the thrombosis prevention and control project, the utilization rate of Caprini assessment scale and was 79.27% (65/82) and 100.00% (82/82) respectively with a statistical difference (P<0.001) ; the accuracy rate of DVT prevention was 90.24% (74/82) and 98.78% (81/82) also with a statistical difference (P=0.016) ; the incidence of DVT of inpatients was 4.88% (4/82) and 0 (0/82) with a statistical difference (P=0.043) ; the implement rate of thrombosis education was 76.67% (23/30) and 96.67% (29/30) with a statistical difference (P=0.023) ; the compliance of DVT prevention of patients after discharge was 91.02% (71/78) and 98.68% (75/76) with a statistical difference (P=0.032) ; the incidence of lower limb swelling was 1.28% (1/78) and 0 (0/76) with no statistical difference (P=0.322) . Conclusions Implementation of the DVT prevention and control project in Vascular Surgery Department can effectively improve cognition of medical staff and patients on DVT, and can reduce the incidence of DVT of inpatients in Vascular Surgery Department. Key words: Venous thrombosis; Vascular surgery; Cognition; Quality control; Assessment; Prevention

The Kirkpatrick Model has been widely used in nursing staff training. This article reviews the origin and content of the Kirkpatrick Model as well as its application in nursing staff training in order to provide a reference for establishing a nursing training mechanism and improving the professional quality of nursing staff. Key words: Review; Nursing care; Kirkpatrick Model; Training

Objective To explore the incidence and risk factors of peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) related upper extremity venous thrombosis (UEVT) in patients with head and neck neoplasm so as to provide a basis for preventing thrombosis. Methods This study used the design of prospective cohort study. From January 2016 to March 2018, UEVT follow-up examination by B ultrasound was carried out for 1 137 head and neck neoplasm patients with PICC selected by convenience sampling. Single factor and multivariate Cox regression were used to determine the risk factors of PICC related UEVT. Results There were 3.6% (41/1 137) of patients with PICC related UEVT. Multivariate Cox regression showed that the independent risk factors of PICC related UEVT included the older patients (RR=1.04, 95%CI: 1.01-1.07, P=0.013) , being with a history of PICC catheterization (RR=3.22, 95%CI: 1.53-6.77, P=0.002) and high frequency of catheter delivery (RR=1.98, 95%CI: 1.30-3.00, P=0.001) . Conclusions Patients with head and neck neoplasm have the low incidence of PICC related UEVT. The independent risk factors of PICC related UEVT in patients with head and neck neoplasm include the older ages, history of PICC catheterization and high frequency of catheter delivery. Positive intervention should be carried out for those patients which may reduce the incidence of PICC related thrombosis. Key words: Head and neck neoplasm; Venous thrombosis; PICC; Risk factors; Prevention

Objective To investigate the use of different tools of intravenous infusion and the issues associated with intravenous catheter indwelling in hospitalized children and to provide reference for clinical practices. Methods Using the convenient sampling method, from July 24th to 31st, 2018, the intravenous infusion treatment of children inpatients in 49 hospitals within the Beijing Children's Hospital Medical Association was selected for investigation. A self-designed Cross-sectional Questionnaire for Children's Intravenous Infusion and a photo of an intravenous infusion tool were used for data collection. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 17.0 software. Results During the data collection period, there were 18 316 hospitalized children in the 49 hospitals, among which there were 14 421 cases of infusions, with the infusions rate of 78.73%. The application rate of indwelling needle was 87.94%. The connector of venous catheter was mainly heparin cap connection (64.23%) . The infusion tools used in 6 398 cases (44.37%) were made by PVC and containing 2-ethyl hexyl phthalate (DEHP) . Aseptic transparent dressing was the main dressing choice. During catheter indwelling, there were some problems such as back-blood in the pipeline or infusion joint, incorrect clamping position of small clips, unclamping, and tube detachment. Indwelling needles had more problems than central venous catheters, including old blood returning in the tube and blood returning in the infusion connector. The difference between the peripheral indwelling needle and the central catheter was statistically significant (P<0.05) . Conclusions The rate of intravenous infusion in hospitalized children is relatively high. Although there are various types of intravenous infusion tools, the choice of infusion tools for children was mainly indwelling needle and heparin cap connection, and there were still room for improvement in catheter maintenance. Key words: Children; Intravenous infusion; Tool; Indwelling; Investigation

Objective To analyze the relationship between healthy behavioral capability, psychological resilience and breastfeeding self-efficacy in primiparas. Methods Totally 140 primiparas who delivered in Children's Hospital Affiliated of Zhengzhou University from September 2018 to March 2019 were selected by convenient sampling and investigated with the Demographic Information Questionnaire, Self-rated Abilities for Health Practices Scale (SRAHP) , The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) and Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form (BSES-SF) . The relationship between healthy behavioral capability, psychological resilience and breastfeeding self-efficacy in primiparas was then analyzed based on the data. Totally 140 questionnaires were distributed in this study, and 137 valid questionnaires were collected, accounting for an effective recovery rate of 97.86%. Results The total SRAHP score of the 137 primiparas was (68.25±13.85) , whose total average score of the different items of this scale was (2.43±0.92) . The total CD-RISC score of the 137 primiparas was (57.41±13.82) , whose total average score of the different items of this scale was (2.30±1.22) . The total BSES-SF score of the 137 primiparas was (48.83±10.87) , whose total average score of the different items of this scale was (3.87±1.26) . Pearson correlation analysis showed that there were positive correlations between the dimensions of healthy behavioral capability, the dimensions of psychological resilience and the scores of breastfeeding self-efficacy in primiparas (P<0.01) . Healthy behavioral capability showed a mediating effect between psychological resilience and breastfeeding self-efficacy in primiparas, accounting for 37.19% of the total effect. Conclusions There is a positive correlation between breastfeeding self-efficacy and the level of healthy behavioral capability and psychological resilience, and the level of healthy behavioral capability plays a mediating role between psychological resilience and breastfeeding self-efficacy. Therefore, enhancing psychological resilience and the level of healthy behavior can significantly improve the self-efficacy of breastfeeding, which has a significant effect on the breastfeeding rate of primiparas. Key words: Resilience, psychological; Breast feeding; Primipara; Health behavioral capability; Self-efficacy