This study aims to evaluate chemical and biological management alternatives to enhance the grain yield of wheat crops, based on the evaluation of the crop's productivity components. The experiment was conducted in 2022, under field conditions, at Escola Fazenda of UNIJUÍ (Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul), located in the municipality of Augusto Pestana, Brazil. The experimental design used was randomized blocks with an 8 x 9 factorial scheme, with eight wheat cultivars (TBIO Audaz, TBIO Ponteiro, TBIO Trunfo, TBIO Toruk, TBIO Astro, ORS Madrepérola, ORS Agile and BRS Belajoia) and nine management protocols, arranged in two repetitions. At full physiological maturity, the following agronomic traits were measured: number of grains on the cob; cob grain weight; thousand grain weight; and grain yield. Analysis of variance took place to detect the effects of cultivar, management protocols and their interaction on the analyzed variables. The Duncan test was used to compare treatment means, at 5% probability. The use of BOMBARDEIRO as a reinforcement to the chemical fungicide promoted an increase in the thousand grain weight. The highest values for grain yield were obtained with the protocols BIOASIS+BIOEQUILÍBRIO+BIOFREE, BIOTRIO and ORKESTRA SC, for the genotypes TBIO Toruk, TBIO Ponteiro and TBIO Trunfo. The use of biological management in wheat crops enhances nutrient absorption and acts synergistically with chemical fungicides, contributing to increased productivity and sustainable management.

Beef, pork, chicken or fish and their derivatives are the most consumed protein sources in the world, and the main causes of Foodborne Diseases (DTAs), due to their rich substrates for the development of pathogenic colonies, and intrinsic and extrinsic, the most common being bacteria such as; Salmonella sp., Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter and Moraxella. Clostridium, Bacillus and Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB). Generating degradation and contamination in food and harming consumer health and the agricultural market. Irradiation is an alternative for food preservation, through the use of X-rays, Beta radiation, gamma rays and ultraviolet radiation. frozen, without harming the health of the population. This research aimed to compile consumer understanding regarding the use of this conservation method, knowledge of the irradiation seal, and the possibility of purchasing the products. The results demonstrate that 52.2% and 58.6% do not know what irradiation is and what types of radiation are used, respectively; However, 60.6% of those interviewed would perhaps buy a product with the irradiation seal, although 71.7% had never seen it.

The need for sugarcane field reform has driven the expansion of soybean cultivation in rotation with sugarcane. Weeds are one of the main reasons for this reform, requiring specific management in rotation. The use of pre-emergence herbicides in soybean is a viable option, but its effectiveness in sandy soils requires further study. In this experiment, we evaluated the performance of pre-emergence herbicides on sugarcane straw, focusing on the control of Digitaria horizontalis. We conducted a field experiment with 11 treatments and four replications, applying herbicides immediately after soybean sowing. All herbicides, except diclosulam, provided efficient control of D. horizontalis, with over 80% control in all evaluated periods. The clomazone+sulfentrazone association showed the highest residual effect, keeping the area clean for up to 21 days after application. Weed-free control resulted in productivity equivalent to 66% of the maximum obtained. The use of cell division inhibitors allowed soybean cultivation to grow without weed competition. We conclude that the use of pre-emergence herbicides in soybean under sugarcane straw resulted in productivity gains due to effective D. horizontalis control. Poaceae plants may have a higher competitive capacity with crops compared to other families; therefore, even with few plants per square meter, species like D. horizontalis can reduce crop productivity. The use of cell division inhibitor molecules, either alone or combined with PROTOX inhibitors, allowed the soybean crop to remain free of weed competition.

In recent years, the sunflower crop has stood out worldwide as the fifth oilseed in raw material production, so it is necessary to know more about this crop. This review aims to describe the importance of sunflower cultivation, its morphological and phenological aspects, seed quality, treatment and sowing. This study took place in 2023. In this review, different works were used as a basis to develop this review, since sunflower cultivation has great importance in the commercial scenario, mainly in the production of vegetable oils and other sunflower-based by-products, but the Information is still scarce about the culture and the demand for production is high among producers in different states and municipalities, which is why it was necessary to look for information that would help resolve some doubts and bring more information about this beautiful crop that is the sunflower, through this review.

This study aimed to identify the most suitable plant populations, considering different environmental conditions (locations, growing seasons, and sowing dates), to express the yield potential of common bean cultivars released or in the process of releasing for regions not included in the initial release. Forty-four experiments were carried out from November 2016 to March 2019, encompassing wet, dry, and winter seasons, across the states of Goiás, Minas Gerais and Paraná. Five plant populations established at sowing (12, 18, 24, 30, and 36 plants m⁻²) were compared in a randomized block design with four replications, using the cultivars BRS FC310, BRS FC409, and BRSMG Uai. Across winter season experiments, the BRS FC310 cultivar consistently displayed higher yield than the others at all plant populations. In contrast, the BRSMG Uai cultivar exhibited the highest yield during the wet season. The maximum grain yields of the three cultivars were higher in the wet than in the winter season and obtained with higher plant populations. Cultivars BRS FC310, BRS FC409, and BRSMG Uai maximized grain yield with, respectively, 28.4, 25.4, and 26.2 plants m⁻² at harvest time in the wet season, and 20.4, 14.0, and 15.2 plants m⁻² in the winter season.

Brazilian wheat farming is characterized by a high occurrence of seed-transmitted diseases that can cause significant damage to grain production. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of seed treatments on the physiological and sanitary quality of wheat cultivar seeds. Seeds from three commercial wheat cultivars (TBIO Sossego, TBIO Sinuelo, and TBIO Toruk) were used, along with four seed treatments (Control, Chemical, Biological, and Chemical + Biological). The physiological quality of the seeds was determined based on first germination count, germination percentage, quantification of abnormal seedlings, shoot and radicle length, whole seedling dry weight, and emergence velocity index (EVI). The sanitary quality was assessed using the Blotter test. Overall, the chemical treatment combined with the seeds of the TBIO Toruk cultivar provided better indices of physiological and sanitary quality.

The perception that seeds had differences in their water content when disconnected from the mother plant, and consequently, variations in the period of maintenance of viability goes back to the beginning of agriculture, when people around the world started having to produce food as a result of population growth, ceasing to be exclusively extractive. Recalcitrant seeds do not tolerate desiccation and temperatures close to zero degrees, due to the lack of antioxidative mechanisms and maintenance of cellular compartments. Thus, this study aims to review the main concepts and techniques of drying and storage, usually used in so-called recalcitrant seeds.

The use of products of microbial origin, bacteria, for agriculture has grown exponentially in the world, and in Brazil this growth is significant. In recent years, several companies have settled in the country and started to develop different products in this segment. The producer has the possibility of multiplying bacteria on the farms themselves in a process called on farm, a homemade way of multiplying bacteria. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of the mixtures produced through the on farm method of multiplication of microorganisms from inoculants based on Azospirillum with different culture media. For this, three culture media were used: commercial product Multibacter®, yeast syrup plus sugar and yeast syrup, which were subsequently quantified. The syrups were produced in the on farm system, the sterilization of the place of packaging and allocation of the bioreactors was carried out, the samples of the syrups were diluted for incubation and the preparation of the TSA (Trypticasein Soy Agar) also took place. It was possible to conclude that the non-sterile culture media do not present satisfactory results for the multiplication of on farm microorganisms with Azospirillum syrups. Colony forming units are not parameters to indicate viability for non-sterile culture media.

The search for cultivation practices that provide productive, social and environmental benefits to the agroecosystem is of great importance for the sustainable intensification of agriculture. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of multifunctional microorganisms (MM) and mix of cover crops on gas exchange, production components and grain yield of soybean. In the field experiment, conducted by two growing seasons, the experimental design of randomized blocks in factorial scheme 8x2 was used, with four replications. The treatments were composed by the combination of eight vegetal cover and the use or not of MM. The vegetal cover were composed of: 1. Fallow, 2. Corn, 3. Mix 1 (white lupine, buckwheat, white oats, black oats, Crotalaria ochroleuca, C. juncea, turnip, coracana grass, white lupine), 4. Mix 2 (millet, C. ochroleuca, black oats, white oats, buckwheat, coracana grass), 5. Mix 3 (Millet, C. ochroleuca, black oats, white oats, buckwheat, coracana grass), 6. Mix 4 (C. spectabilis, buckwheat, millet and C. breviflora), 7. Mix 5 (oats, buckwheat, millet, piatã grass and C. Ocholeuca); and 8. Mix 6. (black oats, turnip forage, white lupine, coracana grass, buckwheat). The MM consortium used was Serratia marcenses (BRM 32114) + Bacillus sp. (BRM 63573). Soybean plants coinoculated with (BRM 32114) + (BRM 63573) showed an increase in photosynthetic rate (16.65%), stomatal conductance (37.50%), internal CO2 concentration (10%), number of pods per plant (15%), mass of 100 grains (4.04%) and grain yield (14.83%). However, no differences were observed in soybean plants grown in succession to the mix of cover crops, except for the number of grains per pod. Therefore, in this study, the highlight was the consortium of multifunctional microorganisms, technology considered strategic for the sustainable intensification of agriculture.