Using shallot botanical seeds or true seed of shallot (TSS) as planting material can produce plants free from bulb-borne disease and be more technically and economically efficient. However, its application in the field still has limitations. The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro propagation media containing a combination of MS and DKW media with the addition of BAP on the growth parameters and multiplication frequency as well as plantlets condition of three cultivars of TSS to initiation support the supply of quality seeds in the field. The seeds were germinated in vitro using an MS medium, and then aseptic TSS seedlings were arranged using a completely randomized design with two factors and twelve replications. The first factor was media composition. MS (Murashige and Skoog) and DKW (Driver Kuniyaki Walnut) media were used for the in vitro shoot propagation media in combination with BAP (Benzyl Amino Purine) at the level of concentrations: 0, 1, 2 and 4 mgL-1. The second factor was TSS cultivars: Bima Brebes, Trisula and Tuktuk. The result showed that Bima Brebes and Trisula cultivars significantly differed in multiplication frequency from the Tuktuk cultivar. DKW medium with 4 mgL-1 BAP produced the highest multiplication frequency but not significantly different with 4 mgL-1 BAP in MS and 2 mgL-1 BAP in DKW media. Adding 1-2 mgL-1 BAP in the DKW medium could induce new shoots on the Bima Brebes cultivar with better performance, though with lower multiplication frequency.

The aim of this research was to study the physiological and productive performance of five rootstocks cultivated in the lemon ‘Tahiti CNPMF–02’ under irrigated and non-irrigated conditions in the Amazon in the sixth year of dense planting. In a completely randomized design, in a 2x5 factorial scheme (irrigation x rootstock) evaluated in the dry and rainy season, applied to the rootstocks citrumelo 'Swingle' (CTSW), lemon tree 'Cravo Santa Cruz' (LCSC), citrandarim 'San Diego'(CTDI), and 2 hybrids crossing tangerine 'Sunki Tropical' and Poncirus trifoliata ‘Flying Dragon’ called TSKCxTRFD-003 (003), TSKCxTRFD–006 (006), being evaluated water relations, gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, among other physiological characteristics and also the production components were. Rootstock 006 has a more efficient physiological metabolism, with and without irrigation in the face of water deficit, being more productive in the Amazon. Rootstock 003, although with good metabolic performance and adequate plant architecture, even under water deficit conditions, did not demonstrate changes in productivity. The CTDI rootstock, even when irrigated, did not demonstrate gains in productivity in the dry season, even with efficient physiological mechanisms of drought tolerance. The LCSC rootstock has less tolerance to water deficit, and even under irrigation in the dry season, it does not show improvements in its performance. However, this rootstock has high productivity in the rainy season regardless of irrigation. The CTSW rootstock must be used in restricted plantings only in management that can be irrigated, associated with annual crown adjustment pruning, avoiding densification without densification and mandatory annual crown adjustment pruning.

Although rich in proteins and minerals, the salty by-products of anchovy processing, especially bones, are usually discarded because of their high sodium chloride (NaCl) content. This study developed a process to desalt anchovy bone residues and combine them with rinsed argan press cake, an agro-industrial co-product used in animal feed, to formulate a functional poultry diet. Simple solid–liquid extraction with tap water (1:1, m/v) reduced NaCl from 15.4% to 4.7%. A Response Surface Methodology (RSM) then evaluated mixtures of desalted bones (10–90%) and rinsed argan press cake (10–30%). Nutritional parameters measured included NaCl, calcium, phosphorus, ash and total nitrogenous matter. The optimal diet, with 10% desalted bones and 10% press cake, achieved a final NaCl content of 0.49% while maintaining essential nutrients. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of integrating marine and agro-industrial co-products into sustainable poultry feed, supporting circular economy principles

The production of pitahaya (Hylocereus ocamponis) in Peru has been increasing due to its health benefits, attributed to its bioactive compounds. On the other hand, yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius), due to its fructooligosaccharides (FOS), presents prebiotic activity with great potential for health. Thus, the objective of the study was to evaluate the bioactive compounds and sensory characteristics of pitahaya juice drink sweetened with yacon syrup, using a Completely Random Design with Factorial Arrangement (3x3), for the dilution of pitahaya juice of 1:2.5, 1:3.0 and 1:3.5 and the concentration of yacon syrup of 30, 40 and 50 °Brix. Vitamin C, total polyphenol compounds, antioxidant capacity, FOS, pH, soluble solids and titratable acidity were evaluated. Sensory characteristics of color, odour, flavor and appearance were also evaluated. The treatment at 50°Brix and 1:2.5 dilution presented a higher content of Vitamin C (P≤0.05) of 0.589 ± 0.028 mg/100mL, antioxidant capacity 560.9 ± 1.6 µg Trolox/100mL, FOS of 296 ± 0.003 µg FOS/100mL, while the treatment at 30°Brix and 1:2.5 dilution had higher values (P≤0,05) of 117.9 ± 0.2 mg EAG/100 mL for phenolic compounds and the best sensory characteristics. This study shows that this drink could be a potential functional food.

This study aimed to investigate the variation of essential oils from Piper betel cultivated in three different geographic regions of Vietnam (Hoc Mon, Tien Giang, and Dak Lak). The extraction of essential oil was conducted by hydro-distillation for 3 h using a Clevenger-type apparatus. GC-MS was employed for the analysis of obtained essential oil. Physicochemical parameters were determined as per standard test methods. GC-MS revealed the highest amount of chavibetol present in all three essential oils of Piper betel cultivated in three different geographic regions of Vietnam: Hoc Mon (49.077%), Tien Giang (39.982%) and Dak Lak (34.888%). In contrast to the absence of Cadinene in both Hoc Mon and Tien Giang essential oils, there was remarkably an extremely high content of Cadinene present in Dak Lak essential oil, accounting for approximately 49% of the total constituents of essential oil. α-Cadinene was recorded to be the highest quantity (19.826%), followed by γ-Cadinene (15.470%) and δ-Cadinene (13.369%). Nature variation in different geographic regions of Vietnam (Hoc Mon, Tien Giang, and Dak Lak) plays a key role in the diversification of essential oil composition in Piper betel.

Onion is one of the most widely consumed seasoning vegetables in the world. Beyond productivity, onion quality is of great importance, influenced by factors such as appearance, aroma, flavor, and chemical composition. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of applying elemental sulfur at different growth stages on the postharvest quality attributes of onion bulbs. Two experiments were conducted at different times using a factorial design in randomized blocks. Four hybrids were tested: Diamantina®, Optima® F1, Serena® F1, and Gamay® F1 (purple). The second factor was the timing of foliar elemental sulfur application: at the development stages of 4–6 leaves, 6–8 leaves, 8–10 leaves, and 10–12 leaves, along with a control group that received solid elemental sulfur applied to the soil. The evaluated attributes included pungency (µmol.g-1), soluble solids (°Brix), total titratable acidity (% pyruvic acid), pH, leaf sulfur content, and bulb sulfur content. Among the traits measured, the pyruvic acid content was influenced by the timing of sulfur application, with the Serena® F1 hybrid at the 10–12 leaf stage showing significant differences from the other hybrids. Regarding pungency, the Diamantina®, Serena® F1, and Gamay® F1 hybrids were classified as having medium pungency when sulfur was applied foliarly, while the Optima® F1 hybrid was classified as low/sweet pungency. Sulfur content in the bulbs and leaves of the onion cultivars was not significantly affected by foliar sulfur application.

The impact of commercial demand on fruits explored through extractivism requires sustainable production strategies. Among these strategies is seedling propagation for reforestation and/or commercial plantations. The substrate and its impact on the quantity and quality of propagated plants are critical aspects of seedling propagation. Hancornia speciosa, commonly known as mangabeira, is a native fruit species that has been primarily explored through extractivism; thus, the goal of this study was to assess the early development of H. speciosa var. speciosa seedlings in different substrates using morphophysiological parameters. The seeds were processed and sown in six different substrates (sand, sand + powder coconut coir, sand + vermiculite, commercial substrate, commercial substrate + powder coconut coir, vermiculite, commercial substrate + vermiculite). To evaluate seedling development, the parameters First Emergence Count, Emergence Percentage, Emergence Speed Index, Total Seedling Size, Shoot Height, Root Length, Stem Diameter, Number of Leaves, and Shoot and Root Dry Massa were used. The pure vermiculite substrate performed best across all parameters, followed by the commercial substrate + powder coconut coir and the commercial substrate. As a result, substrates containing pure vermiculite are recommended for the propagation of H. speciosa var. speciosa, whereas substrates containing higher concentrations of sand, 50 to 100%, have a negative impact on seedling development for this variety.

The production of 'Tahiti' acid lime in Brazil is currently limited to the northeastern and southeastern regions and research is required to identify compatible rootstocks in order to potentiate other producing areas and to meet the needs of the consumer and industrial markets. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physical characteristics during vegetative growth and the physicochemical attributes and quality of fruit produced by 'Tahiti CNPMF-02' acid lime grafted onto the twelve rootstocks ‘Cravo LCRSC’ and ‘LCR-03’ lime, citrandarins ‘CTRI’ and ‘CTRSD’, citrumelo ‘CTSW’, ‘Pear HTR-069’ orange, ‘Volkamer LVK×LCR- 038’ lemon, and ‘Sunki TSKC×CTSW-028', ‘TSKC×CTSW-041', ‘TSKC×(LCR×TR)-059', ‘TSKC×TRFD-003' and ‘TSKT’ tangerine. The randomized experimental design included 12 treatments with four repetitions and five plants per plot. The characteristics of the grafted plants were evaluated during vegetative growth at 3.5, 4.0 and 4.5 years of age, while fruit quality was assessed at maturity. All tested rootstocks were compatible with the scion 'Tahiti CNPMF 02' acid lime cultivated under the climate and soil conditions in the north of Mato Grosso state. The rootstocks ‘LCR-003', ‘CTRI’, ‘CTRSD’, ‘CTSW’ and ‘TSKC×CTSW-028' induced the greatest vertical growth, trunk diameter, crown volume and vigor in the grafted plants. The physicochemical characteristics and quality of the fruit produced by grafted plants of 'Tahiti CNPMF 02' acid lime met market expectations, except for the parameter total titratable acidity. The fruits produced by 'Tahiti CNPMF 02' acid lime grafted onto ‘CTRSD’, ‘TSKC×(LCR×TR)-059’, ‘LCR-003’, ‘TSKC×CTSW-041’, ‘TSKC×TRFD-003’, ‘LVK×LCR-038’ and ‘CTRI’ were the largest in terms of length and mass.

The objective was to estimate the repeatability coefficient of quantitative traits in multiple harvests of sweet orange, in order to infer the minimum number of evaluations necessary to identify superior genotypes of orange trees through the methodology of mixed models. The experiment was conducted in randomized blocks containing 55 sweet orange genotypes and three replications. The repeatability coefficients were estimated using the maximum residual likelihood method (REML) and the prediction of genotypic values using the best unbiased linear predictor (BLUP). The Selegen software was used to perform the statistical analysis. The average heritability of genotypes in eight seasons, individual and eight seasons repeatability, selection accuracy in one and eight seasons, repeatability determination coefficient, accuracy of permanent phenotypic values based on M years of assessment and efficiency of M assessments compared to situation where only one assessment is carried out. The predictive accuracy of the selection revealed a significant degree of certainty in the inferences made. Evaluation over six seasons can increase accuracy to 70% in selecting sweet orange genotypes for yield-related traits. For the prediction of average fruit mass, seven harvests are enough to obtain 80% accuracy.

The application of plant regulators such as exogenous auxin may provide effects on the translocation of carbohydrates to plant sinks, which may result in larger parthenocarpic fruits. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of the application of 2-(3-chlorophenoxy) propionic acid on the growth and quality of pineapple fruits. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design. After floral induction, 2-(3-chlorophenoxy) propionic acid (CPA) was applied directly on the inflorescences at the following doses: 0 mg L-1; 40.0 mg L-1; 80.0 mg L-1; 120.0 mg L-1 and 160.0 mg L-1. Growth evaluations continued until 84 days after application, measuring fruit length (cm) with and without crown, crown length (cm), leaf D dry matter, fruit weight with and without crown (g), calculating if also, the absolute and relative growth rates. The post-harvest and quality characteristics of the fruits were also evaluated, as well as the harvest index. The application of CPA significantly reduces the length and weight of the crown of the fruits, however, the exogenous application of auxin provided an increase in the weight of the fruit. Regarding the post-harvest analysis, the application of CPA reduced the content of soluble solids in the fruit pulp.