This paper explores the climate change performance of the Baltic States-Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuaniathrough the lens of global climate indices, with particular emphasis on the Climate Change Performance Index (CCPI).As EU member states, the Baltic countries are subject to increasingly ambitious climate and energy policies driven by the European Green Deal and the Fit for 55 package.Based on analysis of climate performance indicators and other composite indexes, this study assesses the methodological approaches to climate change performance measurement and applies these tools to evaluate the Baltic States.Comparative analysis with indices such as the CCPI, the Environmental Performance Index (EPI), the Transition Performance Index (TPI), Climate Risk Index (CRI), and the European Extreme Events Climate Index (E3CI) offers a multidimensional view of both climate change mitigation policy effectiveness and climate vulnerability.The findings highlight the region's relatively favorable climate policy performance, driven by proactive renewable energy and GHG emissions reduction strategies, while underscoring the need for ongoing adaptation measures.Climate Change Detection and Indices (ETCCDI) provide standardized tools for monitoring climate Climate Change Performance of Baltic States Based on Global Climate Change Indices

The economy's growth contributes to the general development of social life but also severely impacts the environment.Since many countries worldwide are moving towards green growth, credit policies to serve green growth goals play a critical role.Many countries with different levels of development globally have pursued green credit policies, becoming a common development trend and an essential component of countries' sustainable development strategies.The use of green credit enables the bank to mitigate environmental and social risks associated with its commercial operations.Vietnam is slowly adopting this trend, but it still encounters several challenges and requires effective solutions to further stimulate this influx of capital.Thus, the article explores factors influencing Vietnam's green credit development and economic growth.This research applied the structural equation model (SEM) from surveying 750 commercial bank managers and collected it by convenient sampling.The data collection period was from September 2021 to December 2021.The study employed several methodologies to assess the dependability of Cronbach's alpha, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and structural equation modeling (SEM) in order to evaluate the research hypotheses.The findings indicate that three factors have a significant impact, at a level of 1.0 percent, on the development of green credit and economic growth.Finally, the article novelty had several policy recommendations for developing green credit and economic growth in Vietnam.

High and volatile inflation over a long haul is detrimental to an economy, particularly to a country’s financial sector. While most studies suggest a positive relationship between inflation and bank profitability, others argue for a negative impact. As such, it is evident that the impact of prolonged inflation on banking performance remains unsolved. This study aims at examining the impact of inflation on the financial performance of the banking sectors in Malaysia and Indonesia. These two countries are chosen because their banking markets were severely affected during Asian financial crisis in 1997. This study uses bank’s risk management framework as the underpinning model and yearly secondary data are extracted from World Bank database from year 2005 through 2022. To perform empirical modeling, we employ Johansen-Juselius Cointegration technique, as well as Engle-Granger Cointegration (EG) test as estimation tools. The empirical results show that there is a significant long-run relationship between non-performing loans (NPL) and inflation in both Malaysia and Indonesia. In the case of Indonesia, the effect of prolonged inflation is seen to be more perceptible than in Malaysia. With respect to short run dynamic, both countries strongly provide a statistically significant evidence to support the presence of short run relationship between NPL and the three explanatory variables. The policy implication from this study may suggest that inflation rate does have a significant economic influence on banking soundness in Malaysia and Indonesia. It is clear enough to see that an increase in inflation rate does not affect bank’s financial sustainability due to proactive risk management approach. Inflation targeting is one of the ideal measures that policymakers could adopt in addressing the issue of inflationary pressure on banking performance. There is always a need for worldwide banks to be consistently monitored by their monetary authorities so as to ensure the global banking sector remains resilient to varying market conditions in the long-run.

The capital markets are sensitive to geopolitical events. It is important to provide evidence of reactions to specific geopolitical events in order to identify general patterns and effective risk management strategies. This study follows the event study approach to assess the reactions of different stock markets to the Russo-Ukrainian war in 2022. The 12 stock markets are represented by the relevant indices and benchmarked against the MSCI World Index. The markets considered include developed, emerging, and frontier ones. The results suggest the presence of the proximity penalty. Especially, Poland showed the highest correction during the event day. The markets outside Europe (the US, Canada, and Australia) did not show significant cumulative abnormal returns for the whole event window, yet such corrections were noted for certain sub-periods within the window. These results can be used for designing risk management strategies in the Central and Eastern Europe.

Topological network analysis is an advanced tool for revealing customer satisfaction in marketing research and other fields.The university sector plays a vital and competitive role in contributing to a country's development.Students are regarded not only as a source of income but also as a key criterion for attaining the vision and mission of reaching international standards for universities.Student satisfaction is characterized as a comprehensive assessment of the educational experience, formed by comparing initial expectations with the perceived performance following the completion of the educational cycle.The assessment of students' satisfaction is a continuous process that demands ongoing monitoring to maintain high ranks of quality.Because of the disturbance caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, academic institutions adjusted their curricula and delivery methods to align with the emerging norms of online learning.Assessing student satisfaction is critical for determining how effective the online teaching method is.To understand the key factors influencing student satisfaction, the study examines the interconnections among three dimensions (24 items) by using correlation network analysis and Minimal Spanning Tree (MST) methods.Dioid algebra simplifies the MST search into a single step by constructing a converging sequence, eliminating the need for convergence verification, and centrality measures are employed to interpret and present the network results.The findings suggest a more precise conclusion: To enhance student satisfaction, it is imperative to allocate greater focus towards refining teaching methodologies, enhancing the pandemic study program, and improving the course content for online education.

The circular economy is important in implementing EU Green Deal targets, climate change mitigation commitments, and pursuing sustainable development. A circular economy allows the reduction of waste and environmental damages linked to waste to save natural resources and mitigate climate change. The transition from linear to circular economy models provides many economic and environmental benefits and is a priority for most countries, especially developed ones. There is a need to measure and monitor the circular economy's progress. In this context, indicators can be useful tools to assess progress achieved by countries in pursuing circular economy development. The paper developed an indicators framework to measure circular economy development progress in the EU and applies the developed framework for Visegrad countries. The Visegrad Group (V4) includes four Central European countries, Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Hungary, linked by similar geographical and geopolitical situations and common history and culture. MCDM tool ARAS was applied to ranking four Visegrad countries in 2010 and 2021 based on the progress achieved in circular economy development.

Businesses embrace a tremendous shift towards service-dominant logic in order to achieve and sustain advantage. To expand its influence, marketing needs to take on a service lens as well. The customer-centric approach tries to position value generation with processes that al-low customers to „get things done”, which is linked with a quest for innovation. Modern marketing takes an integrative approach – by trying to link various channels, touchpoints, and customer relationships – which both caters to organizational goals and fulfils customer expec-tations and aims at persuading and affecting behaviors rather than attitudes. The paper reports the theory of marketing service innovation and examines research data on how enterprises use marketing services, how they define their innovativeness, and perceive them as value generators. The authors break marketing services into advertising ser-vices and market-research services. Intense competition characterizes both. The analysis co-vers small, medium, and large companies in Poland. The main conclusions are: (a) the level of service innovativeness depends on a company context (its size, scope of operations, and busi-ness locations); (b) enterprises evaluate marketing services which they can access as generally innovative and potentially beneficial.

Firms and suppliers are now using new digital technologies to make decisions for successful strategies. Firms are struggling with the supply chain dynamics needed to increase revenue and mitigate risk, and improve resilience after COVID-19. With the setting of strong competition and firms' business models shifting to digital transformation, this study examines the link between organizational culture (OC) and digital supply chain management practices (DSCMP) in generating a positive impact on firm performance (FP), including both direct and indirect influences via customer development (CD). Smart PLS 3.3.3 was used to analyze data from 326 respondents who registered as business managers who operate their supply chains using digital technologies. The findings indicated that DSCMP, CD, and OC had a favorable impact on FP, while DSCMP and OC had a beneficial impact on CD. It was also determined that DSCMP and CD played a mediating role in both of the above-mentioned associations. DSCMP and OC are two essential enablers for developing a firm’s customer base and improving performance efficiency in digital supply chains. Based on the Resource Dependence Theory (RDT), this study found that digitalization-related capabilities in supply chain management practices must be developed inside the company to improve the firm’s efficiency. Firm culture, accompanied by dominant characteristics, organizational leaders, organizational glue, and strategic emphasis should become essential components of DSCMP in organizations.

Insurance is based on specific assumptions, including a “perfect performance” model. The principle of indemnification, mentioned in almost all insurance textbooks for non-life insurance, is nevertheless far more complicated than economists’ perception. This complexity is a consequence of actuarial fairness and legal rules often being violated in practice. Thanks to the development of the methodology, the assumption of perfect performance has never been closer to reality. If we add the consumer’s perspective, the outlook of insurance performance becomes interesting. The paper examines assumptions related to the performance of insurance contracts made as part of economic insurance models, namely the legal indemnification principle and the theoretical concept of uncertain indemnity, both seen from a consumer’s angle. The discussion further relates to the concept of probabilistic insurance. The main goal is to measure under- and overperformance of insurance coverage. This paper invokes many qualitative and quantitative studies performed since 2012 to find evidence of the subjective perspective of under- and overperformance and full performance, within non-life voluntary comprehensive car insurance. Detailed research on comprehensive car insurance in Poland revealed the simultaneous presence of full performance, under- and overperformance. This phenomenon is known to practitioners, but its scale is unknown. A statistically significant difference exists between the more likely underperformance and the less likely overperformance. Underperformance is an outcome of inadequate coverage. Furthermore, the research outcomes suggest that uncertain indemnity should not be considered “random” as there is an asymmetry toward underperformance, at least from the subjective perspective of policyholders.

The paper focuses on investigating the correlation and volatility of fuel markets in four countries of the Visegrad region, namely Hungary, the Czech Republic, Poland, and Slovakia. The primary objective of the paper is to explore regional fuel markets and retail prices in these countries by employing VAR models and Johansen procedures to analyze the interrelationships between Visegrad fuel markets. Additionally, the paper uses multivariate dynamic conditional GARCH (DCC GARCH-M) models to examine the volatility and covariance of fuel prices in these nations. The results of the study indicate that there are no long-term connections between Visegrad gasoline prices. The performance of the domestic price is independent of other markets. The research also shows long-term relations of diesel prices only among some countries. Overall, the size of these relations is small and mostly statistically insignificant. These findings provide valuable insights into the fuel markets of the Visegrad countries and can be useful in formulating policies related to energy and fuel price regulation. Overall, the study contributes to the literature on fuel markets in the Visegrad region and provides policymakers and stakeholders with essential information necessary for making informed decisions.