The efficiency of subsurface resource development in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation (AZ RF) is closely linked to the need to minimize technogenic risks, particularly those arising from the influence of space weather on navigation systems operating at high latitudes within the auroral oval. Previous studies have described the mechanisms and extent of space-weather effects on the increased measurement errors of magnetic inclinometers used in well geophysical surveys. Drawing on data from a reference magnetic station and an assessment of inclinometric measurement quality (i.e., the ratio of low-quality data to the total number of inclinometric surveys) for 2022–2024 from operating wells in the Russian Federation, this study provides a qualitative evaluation of the relative likelihood of disruptions to technological procedures caused by extreme additional errors of measuring instruments. To reduce technogenic risks during oil- and gas-well development in the AZ RF and on the continental shelf, a decision-support framework is proposed that integrates real-time geomagnetic conditions into geophysical survey processes. Statistical relationships are examined, observed deviations are assessed, and an approach to their interpretation is outlined.

The results of the analysis of lidar data obtained in Kamchatka (53° N, 158° E) in 2008–2022 are presented. Atmospheric sounding was carried out in the altitude range of 25–600 km at wavelengths of 532 and 561 nm. The appearance of increased scattering in the altitude range of 200–400 km was detected. It is shown that it is caused by resonant scattering on excited ions of nitrogen and oxygen atoms. Under night conditions, such ions are created in the process of ionization of the main gas components of the atmosphere during the precipitation of energetic electrons. It is shown that the process of excitation of ions in the ground state does not play any significant role in the formation of the lidar signal. Resonant scattering at these altitudes appears in the process of ionization of the main gas components—N2, O2, and O. A mechanism for the formation of a lidar signal of resonant scattering on excited ions is proposed. A general scheme is proposed for assessing the potential efficiency of laser radiation when choosing a wavelength for lidar research of the atmosphere. The meaning of the scattering coefficient in the thermosphere is discussed.

Plant communities dominated by reeds (Phragmites altissimus (Benth.) Mabille, Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.) are widely distributed in floodplain and delta landscapes. Despite their significant biospheric role and potential for industrial use, insufficient attention has been paid to the mapping and assessment of these communities in Russia. The objective of this study is to explore the possibilities of mapping biomass and vegetation height in reed-dominated communities in the Volga Delta using Sentinel-1/2 satellite data supported by ground measurements and aerial surveys conducted with a drone. Allometric relationships between the heights, stem diameters of reeds, and biomass were established for 92 sample plots within the Astrakhan Nature Reserve in the Volga Delta enabling the use of aerial imagery to obtain reference data through photogrammetric methods. The application of vegetation height calculated photogrammetrically based on aerial imagery across 27 test polygons combined with temporally distinct satellite data and the Random Forest nonparametric regression method yielded a high accuracy in mapping heights (coefficient of determination R2 = 0.80, root mean square error (RMSE) 0.46 m) and biomass (R2 = 0.65, RMSE = 12.6 t/ha) of reed-dominated communities in the Volga Delta. Thus, the approach employed proves to be effective for mapping the biomass of reed communities in the Volga Delta and similar landscapes.

This paper addresses the problem of reconstructing events recorded by orbital and ground-based detectors with low angular but high temporal resolution. We demonstrate that even in this scenario, high-precision spatiotemporal reconstruction is achievable by developing a unified algorithm that combines information on the event’s geometry, kinematics, and dynamics (light curve). This is particularly crucial when the photodetector contains numerous structural gaps between its channels, resulting in only a partial recording of the event. This work proposes a Bayesian method for reconstructing track-like events (such as meteor and satellite tracks), implemented using the PyMC library. The parametric model accounts for both the intrinsic features of the phenomenon and the specifics of the detection process, with the posterior parameter distribution being built via MCMC sampling. The method was tested on al sample of 2022 Geminid meteors recorded by the ground-based PAIP-V detector located in the Murmansk region.

The article considers a variant of the lunar transportation system using an orbital station deployed in a stable high circumlunar orbit. The insignificant size of the Moon’s gravisphere, in terms of planetary scales, allows us to consider the problem of near-lunar maneuvers in a new way. Rational use of gravitational perturbation from the Earth during flight in the boundary vicinity of the Moon’s gravisphere, reduces the cost of spacecraft delivery from the Earth to a high lunar orbit, where it is proposed to place the lunar orbital station. This approach is called the “gravispheric” effect, which is particularly well manifested in flights to high lunar orbit. The paper presents a mathematical description of the gravispheric effect and examples of its use in transfers between the Earth and high lunar orbit obtained by the authors.

Using a numerical model, the influence of intermittency on the acceleration of particles in the equatorial plane of the Earth’s magnetotail was studied. For comparison with observational data, we selected the event of July 17, 2001, when plasma flows with velocities of up to 400 km/s and an amplitude of the turbulent magnetic field of the order of 10 nT were observed in the plasma layer of the magnetotail for more than 10 min. Modeling of the electromagnetic field is carried out using a superposition of wavelets, which are distributed uniformly throughout the computational domain. By means of a special distribution of amplitudes, we ensure that the resulting field is multifractal and intermittent. It is shown that, when accelerated in an intermittent field, the energy spectra of particles rise and flatten, which means that particles are able to gain more energy than when accelerated in a turbulent plasma layer without taking into account intermittency.

The possibilities of using CubeSat nanosatellites to detect the hard X-ray radiation (HXR) from solar flares are shown. The results of HXR measurements of several flares in the energy range >30 keV using the DeCoR-1 and DeCoR-3 instruments installed on the Avion satellite are presented, as well as a table of flares observed in HXR on the Moscow State University group CubeSats from September 2023 to February 2024.

The lunar surface in the vicinity of the poles has special properties compared to the surface at the equator and at moderate latitudes. First, the polar regolith contains quite a large amount of water ice, which significantly affects the neutron radiation generated under the influence of galactic cosmic rays. Second, the temperature of the polar regolith can have extremely low values of about 25 K, as a result of which the thermal component of the neutron flux is partially held in the gravitational field. Based on numerical modeling of neutron radiation from the lunar surface, its main features were shown for the polar regions compared to the equatorial ones: a significant decrease in the ratio of epithermal and thermal neutron fluxes due to an increase in the concentration of hydrogen in the regolith, as well as a significant increase in the density of thermal neutrons near the surface due to gravitational capture.

The paper presents the results of an analysis of defoliation features in the dark coniferous tree stands after the impact of the Siberian silkmoth (Dendrolimus sibiricus) in the mountain dark coniferous taiga of the Irbey forestry of Krasnoyarsk krai of Central Siberia in 2018–2020. Landsat-8 OLI/TIRS (Operational Land Imager/Thermal Infrared Sensor) materials were used, as well as information about forest stands and forest inventory characteristics in the format of a vector layer for taxons within the zone of Siberian silkmoth infestation. The degree of forest stand disturbance was assessed in terms of the relative anomaly of the vegetation index (Δrel, %) compared with the characteristic background values for three variants of the dominant dark coniferous stands: fir (Abies sibirica), Siberian pine (Pinus sibirica), and spruce (Picea obovata). A transition was made from pixel-by-pixel data to values averaged over taxons and related to dominant tree stands. It is shown that the threshold values of the relative anomaly Δrel at the level of 10, 25, and 50% make it possible to detail the degree of defoliation according to 5 classes of the state of damaged areas. A conjugated analysis involving forest inventory data made it possible to emphasize the differences in the rate of defoliation features on satellite imagery, as well as to indirectly assess the resistance of the dominant dark coniferous (fir, Siberian pine and spruce stands) to the silk moth impact, in terms of the ratio of the area, with signs of extreme defoliation on final stage of outbreak development in 2020.