Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most frequent cancers in the world, which is ranked the fourth most prevalent cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death. GC is often diagnosed at a progressive phase when the majority of patients are ineligible for remedial therapies in this stage. In addition, the existing systemic chemotherapy exhibits low efficiency and minimum survival benefits. Nowadays, GC therapy is multidisciplinary and multiple option strategies are well-known; therefore, the present study reviewed new insights into chemotherapy agents and various alternative strategies, such as neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy, nanotherapy, and natural medicines, which are suggested for GC treatment. Moreover, we evaluated current surgical techniques such as endoscopic and laparoscopic resection. We also summarized current findings in pathophysiology, epidemiology, risk factors, diagnosis, prevention, and screening approaches in GC.

Erythrocyte could reach the tumor microenvironment after hemorrhage. Previous studies have proved that intratumor erythrocytes promote tumor cell proliferation and growth, while inducing an immunosuppressive state. In this viewpoint, it is propose that a metabolite-induced immunosuppressive function of red blood cells could be triggered in the tumor microenvironment. Specifically, the presence of erythrocytes in a microenvironment with low glucose and glutamine, high cholesterol, lactate and lysophosphatidic acid, and inducers of erythrocyte death, could result in immunosuppression.

Background: Currently, synthetic therapeutic drugs used in cancer treatment are targeting cancerous tissues that also affect noncancerous dividing cells, which exhibit side effects that decrease the immune response and affect the quality of life. Traditional/ natural products are well proven for a variety of therapeutically active chemical constituents. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) is one of the bioactive molecules found in the natural product propolis is now attracting researcher’s interest because of its anticancer potential. Objective: The aim of this review is to summarize and critically analyze the current evidence on the therapeutic effects of CAPE in various types of cancer cells, both in terms of in vitro and in vivo, along with supportive anti-inflammatory & antioxidant activity in cancer therapy. Methods: This study focused on the mechanism pathways, synergism of CAPE. Various conventional and advanced targeted nanotechnology based formulation approaches developed for the delivery of CAPE as a promising therapeutic agent were also discussed in detail in terms of challenges and future opportunities. Conclusion: Overall study summarized and demonstrated the excellent therapeutic potential, mechanisms, and formulation approaches of CAPE as a therapeutic bioactive molecule. Study and research further can be initiated for the investigation of biopharmaceutical aspects for therapeutic and clinical applications.

: Triazole is the main five-membered Nitrogen-containing basic heterocyclic ring system reported for their biological activities and compounds with multiple pharmacophores, which fetch together acquaintance of a target with sympathetic types of the molecule that might interact with the target. In addition, healthy, adaptable, and scalable chemistry must be employed to achieve the task. This characteristic feature of triazole would make a good template for a lead cohort library. The current review article focuses on recent advancements in triazole moiety as an anti-cancer agent with their mechanism pathways of synthesized analogues.

Background: Lung cancer can be treated with surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, and palliative care. Palliative therapy is applied for inoperable lung cancer as it induces tumour necrosis. PH of tumour tissue is acidic; application of sodium bicarbonate (SB) into lung cancer locally via bronchoscopy can change its core pH, which may lead to tumour destruction. We aimed to study the ultrastructural characteristics of lung cancer and assess the destructive effects of sodium bicarbonate 8.4 % local injection on tumour tissue integrity by light and electron microscopies. Methods: This study was conducted on 21 patients with central bronchial carcinoma diagnosed according to WHO classification 2015. Three bronchoscopic biopsies were taken; two biopsies before and one after injection of sodium bicarbonate 8.4 % solution of 20 ml via transbronchial needle. All biopsies were examined by both light and electron microscopes. The first biopsy was examined to diagnose the tumour morphologically with and without immunostaining. Second and third biopsies were taken before and after SB 8.4 % injection to compare pathological changes in tumour tissue integrity as well as cellular ultra-structures. Different lung cancer pathological types were included in the study. Results: Tumour tissue integrity and pathological changes were examined in biopsies before and after injection of sodium bicarbonate 8.4 %. Extensive necrosis in all cell types of lung cancer was seen after injection of SB; this important finding was delineated by both light and electron microscopies. Conclusion: Preliminary ultrastructural study of small biopsy of lung tumors has a complementary role in both morphological and immunohistochemical studies. Local injection of sodium bicarbonate into lung cancer induces extensive necrosis that may reflect its important therapeutic role in lung cancer.

: Neuroblastoma (NBL) is a highly malignant embryonal tumor that originates from the primordial neural crest cells. NBL is the most common tumor in infants and the most common extracranial solid tumor in children. The tumor is more commonly diagnosed in children of 1-4 years of age. NBL is characterized by enigmatic clinical behavior that ranges from spontaneous regression to an aggressive clinical course leading to frequent relapses and death. Based on the likelihood of progression and relapse, the International Neuroblastoma Risk Group classification system categorized NBL into very low risk, low risk, intermediate risk, and high risk (HR) groups. HR NBL is defined based on the patient's age (> 18 months), disease metastasis, tumor histology, and MYCN gene amplification. HR NBL is diagnosed in nearly 40% of patients, mainly those > 18 months of age, and is associated with aggressive clinical behavior. Treatment strategies involve the use of intensive chemotherapy (CTR), surgical resection, high dose CTR with hematopoietic stem cell support, radiotherapy, biotherapy, and immunotherapy with Anti-ganglioside 2 monoclonal antibodies. Although HR NBL is now better characterized and aggressive multimodal therapy is applied, the outcomes of treatment are still poor, with overall survival and event-free survival of approximately 40% and 30% at 3-years, respectively. The short and long-term side effects of therapy are tremendous. HR NBL carries a high mortality rate accounting for nearly 15% of pediatric cancer deaths. However, most mortalities are attributed to the high frequency of disease relapse (50%) and disease reactiveness to therapy (20%). Newer treatment strategies are therefore urgently needed. Recent discoveries in the field of biology and molecular genetics of NBL have led to the identification of several targets that can improve the treatment results. In this review, we discuss the different aspects of the epidemiology, biology, clinical presentations, diagnosis, and treatment of HR NBL, in addition to the recent developments in the management of the disease.

A typographical error appeared in equation in the manuscript entitled “Discussion on the paper Combined Effects of Thermal Radiation and Magnetohydrodynamic on Peristaltic Flow of Nanofluids: Applications to Radiotherapy and Thermotherapy of Cancer” by Mostafa A. Elogail in “Current Cancer Therapy Reviews”, 2021; 17(2), 93-6. We regret the error and apologize to the readers. The original article can be found online at https://www.eurekaselect.com/189490/article

Recently, Hasona et al. Aimed to investigate the influence of thermal radiation and magnetic field on the peristaltic flow of Carreau nanofluid in a vertical asymmetric channel. The authors have considered the Joule heating, viscous dissipation, chemical reaction, Brownian motion, thermophoresis, Soret, and Dufour effects in their study. Several mistakes and typos were discovered in the study mentioned above, which would affect the obtained results. This report outlines some of these mistakes with suggested corrections to attract the readers' attention through a more in-depth insight into analyzing and exposing these defects.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is a fatal type of brain cancer or primary glial neoplasm, mostly targeting aged populations. The average survival is only 15 months from the date of occurrence. It is often observed that, the invasive nature of the tumour is the main reason for poor prognosis and strong recurrence of GBM in patients even after prescribed treatments. Despite all types of therapies, it is necessary to understand the various molecular mechanisms and signalling pathways to identify targets for GBM treatment. This compilation is specifically designed to discuss Wnt signalling and Hedgehog-GLI1 pathways, which have positive and negative regulation against GBM. The recent research finding associated with different signalling pathways for GBM has also been discussed within this article.