Purpose of ReviewTo compile recent advances in scaffold-guided periodontal regeneration (SGPR) enabled by 3D printing, focusing on innovations in materials, multiphasic/anisotropic design, image-guided personalization, and the spatiotemporal delivery of therapeutic cues.Recent FindingsComposite scaffold systems, extracellular matrix (ECM)-mimetic hydrogels, and ion-releasing ceramics (e.g., Mg/Sr/Ca-phosphates, bioactive glass, among others) enhance osteogenesis, periodontal ligament (PDL) formation, and angiogenesis. Melt electrowriting, extrusion, and inkjet printing enable the creation of patient-specific, multiphasic and anisotropic scaffolds that mimic cementum-PDL-bone interfaces. Controlled release of ions, growth factors, genes, and antimicrobials modulate immunity and microenvironments. Emerging directions include in situ and 4D bioprinting, immuno-instructive and prevascularized constructs, and CAD models derived from clinical imaging, which are essential for manufacturing personalized scaffolds and grafts. Summary 3D printing is advancing SGPR toward functional, personalized therapies; however, its translation depends on reliable vascularization, immune modulation, long-term mechanics, scalable manufacturing, and clear regulatory and safety pathways. Standardized workflows, hybrid/4D printing, machine-learning-guided design, and rigorous clinical studies are essential to accelerate clinical adoption.

Purpose of ReviewHuman amniotic membrane (hAM), derived from human placenta, typically considered biological waste and discarded postpartum, has gained increasing attention in regenerative dentistry due to its unique biologic properties. hAM is increasingly used across a variety of medical fields, with ophthalmology being the most common application. The success of hAM in cell therapy and regenerative medicine has been demonstrated through studies in multiple specialties. This review aims to explore the biological potential of hAM and its current and emerging applications in periodontal and oral regenerative procedures.Recent FindingsA growing body of in vitro and in vivo research highlights the regenerative potential of hAM, which is rich in growth factors and extracellular matrix components that support tissue healing. Its immune-modulating, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial properties, along with low immunogenicity, make it particularly attractive in regenerative therapies. In the context of periodontal and oral regeneration, hAM has been utilized as a graft material, a biologically active barrier membrane, and a scaffold for tissue engineering, contributing to enhanced outcomes in soft and hard tissue regeneration. Animal and human studies have demonstrated its efficacy in procedures such as the treatment of gingival recessions, bone augmentation, and mucosal healing.SummaryThe human placenta, particularly the amniotic membrane, represents a promising biomaterial for regenerative applications in dentistry, offering advantages such as biocompatibility, wound healing promotion, and ease of availability. However, limitations including the need for skilled handling, uncertainty regarding resorption time, and its fragile nature must be addressed. Continued research and clinical trials are essential to fully understand its clinical effectiveness and overcome existing limitations for broader clinical application.

Purpose of the ReviewThe purpose of this study was to perform a scoping review on the comparison between tooth-derived matrix and demineralized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) granules for enhanced bone healing.Recent FindingsPrevious studies reported micro-scale pores in dentin-matrix granules due to the remnant dentin that promote the adsorption of proteins and bioactive molecules. It should be highlighted the remnant dentin is an intrinsic source of collagen and growth factors such as TGF-1, BMP-2, VEGF, and PDGF. The DBBM showed macro-scale interconnected pores which enhances the adhesion of cells and formation of new blood vessels. DBBM also revealed a porosity of around 80% and a lower resorption rate when compared to tooth-derived granules. On in vivo models, dentin-matrix granules induced quite similar results for bone growth when compared to grafting with DBBM as confirmed by histological analyses.SummaryThe dentin-derived matrix granules showed morphological aspects and chemical composition suitable for enhancing bone repair comparable to the effects of deproteinized bovine bone mineral granules. The adequate space among particles and size of pores plays a key role in the events of bone formation since the protein adsorption towards the bone growth. Also, a well-adjusted content of DBBM and dentin-derived granules in the mixture maintains the bone volume over the bone healing. Thus, autologous dentin-derived granules are alternative materials for bone healing without any adverse inflammatory reactions.

Purpose of ReviewPeriodontitis, one of the most prevalent diseases in the world, is caused by the accumulation of dysbiotic microbial biofilm on the teeth leading to chronic inflammation of the tissues surrounding the teeth. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity, chronic stress, and smoking are some of the risk factors for the disease. A high-carbohydrate diet also increases the risk of periodontal inflammation. Modifying diet and nutrition could serve as a preventive and therapeutic tool to target multiple risk factors simultaneously.Recent FindingsEmerging evidence shows that the ketogenic diet induces hormetic stress and switches on various cell-protective anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms. The ketogenic diet also improves mitochondrial function, DNA repair, and autophagy. The diet can effectively treat periodontitis risk factors such as T2DM and obesity. By restricting carbohydrates, the diet improves glycaemic control in T2DM patients and can effectively produce fat loss and reduce BMI (body-mass index) in obese patients. Poor long-term compliance and high cost are the drawbacks of the diet and the potential of the diet to increase cardiovascular disease risk needs further investigation.SummaryTaken together, ketogenic diets, through various mechanisms reduce inflammation, mitigate oxidative stress, improve metabolic health, and can be used as a therapeutic tool to treat periodontal inflammation. Since robust scientific evidence for the ketogenic diet is currently scarce, future research should study the diet's efficacy, effectiveness, and safety in managing periodontal inflammation.

Purpose of ReviewThe objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the existing literature pertaining to the principles and techniques utilized in tissue engineering for the purpose of rehabilitating oral defects that may involve tissues such as bone, cartilage, oral mucosa, periodontal ligament, nerve, and muscle.Recent FindingsTissue engineering represents a cutting-edge area of research within the field of regeneration. Its potential application in the restoration of oral and maxillofacial tissues has emerged as a viable alternative to the traditional use of autologous bone grafts for reconstructing bone defects. In recent times, the field of tissue engineering has made significant progress in tissue regeneration through the utilization of cutting-edge technologies. Tissue engineering has facilitated tissue regeneration through the replication of stem cells, cytokines, and growth factors.SummaryTissue engineering is definitely the future of reconstructive surgery that facilitates the regeneration of tissues that have been compromised by various dental pathologies. To date, significant progress has been made in the field of tissue regeneration, particularly in the restoration of simple tissue defects. However, the restoration of complex tissue structures and their corresponding functionality remains a formidable challenge that continues to be actively researched.