Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in detecting interproximal caries in human extracted teeth with and without amalgam restorations. Materials and Methods: This study included 200 human posterior extracted teeth. One hundred teeth had proximal amalgam restorations, and 100 were unrestored. All specimens were scanned using Planmeca ProMax 3D CBCT (FOV 8×8 cm; voxel size 0.2 mm). Caries presence was determined histologically (gold standard) and scored using ICDAS criteria. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and overall accuracy were calculated. Logistic regression assessed the influence of amalgam on diagnostic performance. Results: CBCT demonstrated lower sensitivity and specificity in teeth with amalgam compared to unrestored teeth. Beam-hardening artifacts significantly influenced diagnostic reliability (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Although CBCT shows acceptable diagnostic performance for interproximal caries detection, the presence of amalgam restorations moderately reduces accuracy. Conventional bitewing radiography should remain the primary modality when metallic restorations are present.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess orthodontic mechanotherapy treatment effects on the prognosis of endodontically treated teeth. Materials and Methods: Ten three-dimensional (3D) model for the four maxillary incisors and their related structure were constructed ; five of them have vital tooth property while the remining have the property for endodontically treated tooth. Five forms of tooth movements that involved through orthodontic mechanotherapy were simulated on each right central incisor: Intrusion (0.2 N), Extrusion, Rotation and, Tipping (0.6 N), and Translation (1.2 N). Results: The results show that the highest von mises stress was recorded within Translation movement for both vital and non-vital tooth within the highest value was recorded for vital teeth model (24.36 MPa). In general, in all orthodontic tooth movement for the four anterior teeth in both proposed condition the tension stress that have been recorded are higher than the compressive stress. Conclusion : Nativity and language preference interact to limit access to dental care. Spanish-When optimal force was maintained during orthodontic tooth movement, finite element study show that; for vital teeth only the Translation orthodontic tooth movement resulted in PDL compression stress higher than MTS suggesting ischemic and resorptive risks occurrence. While for non-vital teeth this risk appeared in both Rotation and Translation orthodontic tooth movement.

AI technology have transformed implant dentistry. This article focusses on the use of AI in implant dentistry, including its impact on diagnosis, treatment planning, image analysis, and deep learning algorithms. These technologies improve implant placement precision, reduce risks, and optimise aesthetics. AI-driven data analytics enhance patient-specific treatment regimens, leading to higher success rates. AI has the potential to transform implant dentistry and bring in a more personalised and efficient approach to oral healthcare.

Objective: This study examines how palatal vault depth, mechanical anchoring, processing techniques, and denture cleanser immersion affect the posterior palatal adaptation of acrylic denture bases. Materials andMethods: Forty-eight PMMA denture bases were fabricated using either compression or injection molding. They were categorized by palatal depth (shallow, medium, high) and the presence or absence of anchoring holes. Specimens were immersed in four solutions—distilled water, 1% sodium hypochlorite, 2% chlorhexidine, and Kin® effervescent tablets—for 3, 10, 30, or 60 days. Digital gap measurements were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD tests (α = 0.05). Results: Adaptation was significantly affected by palatal depth, anchoring, processing method, and immersion time (p < 0.05). Different gap distances were observed across palatal depths, with anchored specimens demonstrating better adaptation. Injection molding provided greater dimensional stability over time than compression molding. However, cleanser type did not significantly influence adaptation (p > 0.05), regardless of immersion duration. Conclusion: Posterior palatal adaptation is mainly influenced by fabrication method, mechanical anchoring, and immersion time, while cleanser type has minimal effect. Optimizing these factors can improve denture fit and longevity.

Objective: To determine the prevalence and types of oral mucosal lesions associated with fixed metal orthodontic appliances and assess their correlation with patient demographics and treatment duration. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study of 235 patients (aged 11-39 years) undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment was conducted in Baghdad, Iraq (September 2024-March 2025). Clinical examinations were performed by two specialists, and data were analyzed using SPSS version 22.0. Results: Among 235 participants (63.4% females, 80% aged <25 years), gingivitis was most prevalent (61.3%), followed by ulcerative lesions (29.4%), white lesions (3.4%), fibroma (2.6%), infection (1.3%), and periodontitis (1.3%). Orthodontic treatment duration >1 year was significantly associated with increased lesion prevalence (p=0.002). No significant gender-based differences were observed (p>0.05). Conclusion: Fixed orthodontic appliances are associated with high prevalence of oral mucosal lesions, particularly gingivitis and ulcers. These findings emphasize the need for preventive strategies and comprehensive oral hygiene protocols in orthodontic care.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of malocclusion in skeletal class I, II, III on maxillary sinus dimensions. Materials and Methods: 30 cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of 30 patients were analyzed. MSH (maxillary sinus height) and MSL (maxillary sinus length) were measured using the MIMICS 19.0 software (Materialise HQ Technologielaan, Leuven, Belgium). Skeletal patterns (Angle class I-II-III) were defined. Results: The mean value of the MSH in class I was 23.27±4.01 mm for the right side and 23.03± 4.07 mm for the left side. For MSL, the values for class I were 29.20±3.26 for the right and 30.04± 3.13mm for the left. The mean value of the MSH in class II was 21.73±3.44 mm for the right and 19.61± 2.22 mm for the left. MSL in class II was 26.57±2.31 for the right and 26.96±3.41mm for the left. The average right MSH for class III was 22.90±0.62 mm, whereas the left side had a mean of 19.61±2.22 mm. Conclusion: Class I individuals exhibited the greatest MSH and MSL values bilaterally compared to Class II and III. Overall, maxillary sinus dimensions showed variation across skeletal classes, with Class II presenting the lowest averages.

Objectives: To test the effect on Streptococcus mutans and Staphylococcus aureus isolates from dental cavities of different amounts of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles and Capsicum annuum L. extract. Methods: Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO, purity: 99.8%, D50: 10–30 nm) were synthesised from Skyspring Nanomaterials. Pepper fruits were procured from local markets in Babylon. The fruits were cleansed using distilled water to eliminate soil, air-dried, and subsequently pulverised using an electric grinder. The extract was produced with Soxhlet equipment. Results: The inhibition zones for S. mutans at doses of 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8 mg/ml were 2.12, 2.27, 2.58, and 2.98 mm, respectively. The inhibitory zones for S. aureus measured 2.02, 2.2, 2.45, and 2.68 mm, respectively. Significant antibacterial activities of the pepper fruit extract were demonstrated against both S. mutans and S. aureus. The inhibition zones for S. mutans at 100, 200, 3000, and 350 mg/ml doses were 1.24, 1.46, 1.54, and 1.7 mm, respectively. The inhibitory zones for S. aureus measured 1.35, 1.56, 1.78, and 1.89 mm, respectively. Conclusion: Both pepper fruit extract and ZnO nanoparticles possess antibacterial properties. ZnO nanoparticles at a dose of 1.0 mg/ml exhibited the most substantial inhibition zone against S. mutans. In contrast, pepper fruit extract at 300 mg/ml demonstrated the most significant inhibition zone against S. aureus.

Objective: Soft denture liners are essential in prosthodontics due to their ability to cushion masticatory forces and provide comfort to patients with compromised oral tissues. Despite their clinical benefits, conventional soft liners suffer from significant limitations, including poor bond strength with the denture base, surface degradation, microbial colonization, and limited mechanical resilience. The goal was to assess improvements in shear bond strength and other related surface properties such as surface hardness, and a reduction in C. albicans adherence. Material and Methods: Strontium Titanate (SrTiO₃) nanoparticles were obtained from, and a self-cured soft denture liner was sourced from. All procedures were performed under conditions simulating intraoral temperature, following the manufacturer’s instructions. A dry-heat oven was used for sample conditioning. A total of 45 specimens were fabricated and equally allocated into three experimental groups containing 0%, 1%, and 1.5% concentrations of strontium titanate (SrTiO₃), respectively. Results: The results indicated that SrTiO₃ can play a valuable role in the development of advanced soft lining materials with enhanced durability, biocompatibility, and clinical effectiveness. Conclusion: The incorporation of Strontium Titanate (SrTiO₃) nanoparticles at concentrations of 1% and 1.5% significantly improves the mechanical properties, surface roughness, and reduction in antifungal behavior of acrylic-based soft denture liners.

Objective: The purpose of the study was to assess the impact of two types of toothpaste containing Nanohydroxyapatite and Novamin on teeth surface roughness and teeth discoloration following orthodontic brackets debonding and adhesive removal. Material and Methods: Eighty human premolars were extracted before starting orthodontic treatment and used as the samples for the current study. All samples were attached with metal brackets and then divided at random into two groups (n=40) by using toothpaste containing either Nanohydroxyapatite (Lacalut white and repair toothpaste) (LSH) and toothpaste containing Novamin (Sensodyne repair and protect) (LSN). The adhesive removal was done using a stainbuster bur system and wearing dental Loupes at a low-speed handpiece. All the colors of the teeth were first evaluated with a VITA easyshade® spectrophotometer. In addition, enamel surface roughness measurements were done using Stylus Profilometry (Surface roughness tester Time®3200). The records were done as first measurements (E1) and (R1). The second records for the teeth (E2) and (R2) were done after adhesive removal. A third record was done after the staining procedure by immersion of teeth in black tea as (E3) and (R3). Finally, the fourth measurements were carried out after brushing the teeth with Novamin toothpaste and Nanohydroxyapatite toothpaste as (E4) and (R4). Results: The outcomes were analyzed statistically via T-test (P ≤ 0.05). The results displayed a statistically considerable effect in reducing the enamel surface roughness for both groups (LSH) and (LSN), with no difference between the two groups. In addition, both groups had a statistical impact on changing the color of the teeth, with a higher effect of (LSN) group than the (LSH) group. Conclusion: Novamin and Nanohydroxyapatite toothpaste had a considerable impact in reducing enamel surface roughness. However, Novamin toothpaste showed better results than Nanohydroxyapatite in reducing enamel discoloration.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the effect of adding fluorescent dyes & color change dyes in different concentration to bioactive orthodontic adhesive on fluoride release. Material and Methods: We used Bioactive BEAUTIFIL Injectable XSL (S-PRG), from (Giomer, Shofu, Japan) mixed with color change dye, Black changing to Colorless, (Atlanta chemical engineering, USA). 0.02%, 0.2% and 2% of weight concentrations were tested and with fluorescence dye (Strontium aluminate), and White Glow in the Dark Powder (Techno Glow Inc., USA), using in 5%, 10% and 15% of weight concentrations. For fluoride release, 40 samples prepared and divided into 4 groups with 10 samples as following: Group 1: BEAUTIFIL Injectable XSL Adhesive (control group), Group 2: BEAUTIFIL Injectable XSL with 0.02% color change material and 5% fluorescence material. Group3: BEAUTIFIL Injectable XSL with 0.2% color change material and 10% fluorescence material. Group 4: BEAUTIFIL Injectable XSL with 2% fluorescence material and 15% fluorescence material. fluoride Ion Selective Electrode. Eutech ION 2700.) Thermo Fisher scientific inc. Singapore) used to measure the release of fluoride ion. Results: The use of dyes with bioactive adhesive showed statistically significant differences. There was a decrease in fluoride ion with increase dye concentration. Conclusion: Acceptable fluoride ion release within bioactive adhesive with color change and fluorescence properties was obtained but with increase concentration of dyes the ion release decreased.