Hyperthermia represents a physiological state marked by an elevation in body temperature due to the malfunctioning of thermoregulatory mechanisms. It transpires when the body either generates or absorbs a greater amount of heat than it is capable of expelling. In clinical practice, hyperthermia has gained increasing recognition compared with traditional laser, freezing, and other treatment measures. However, the regulatory effects of hyperthermia on immune cells and the underlying mechanisms remain insufficiently investigated. In this review, we summarized the therapeutic methods of hyperthermia including thermal water hyperthermia, infrared radiation (IR) hyperthermia, photodynamic therapy, and targeted radiofrequency hyperthermia in dermatology, the clinical practical applications as well as the treatment mechanism based on immune cells. Further studies should be conducted to clarify the underlying mechanisms and promote the clinical applications of hyperthermia.

Background In China, the common treatment for Bowen’s disease (BD) is surgical excision. Although 5‐aminolevulinic acid–based photodynamic therapy (ALA‐PDT) has proven effective for BD in Caucasian patients, there is limited research on its effectiveness in Asian patients. This trial aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of ALA‐PDT in treating BD patients in China, providing data to standardize its application in Chinese BD patients. Methods A multicenter, prospective clinical study was conducted in seven tertiary hospitals in China. Histopathologically confirmed BD patients received standard ALA‐PDT. After pretreatment, a 20% ALA gel or solution was applied to the lesions and incubated for 3‐4 h. The lesions were illuminated with 635‐nm red LED light at a dose level of 80–120 J/cm 2 . Additional treatments were scheduled every 7–14 days based on lesion regression. Results The study included 35 BD patients with 44 lesions. All patients received 3–6 sessions of ALA‐PDT. Three months after the last treatment, the complete response rate was 97.1% (34/35) for patients and 97.7% (43/44) for lesions. Subgroup analysis indicated that sex ( p = 0.3518), age ( p = 0.6906), number of lesions ( p = 0.7155), lesion location ( p = 0.2241), and size ( p = 0.2898) did not significantly affect effectiveness. During the 12‐month follow‐up, the recurrence rate was 3.0% (1/33). Physicians rated 93.1% (27/29) of cosmetic effects as excellent or good. Meanwhile, patient satisfaction reached 92.6% (25/27). The primary adverse event observed was mild to moderate pain. Photodynamic fluorescence diagnosis showed that 100% (35/35) of the BD lesions exhibited brick‐red fluorescence. Conclusions A regimen of 3–6 sessions of topical ALA‐PDT using 20% ALA, 3‐4‐h incubation, and a red light source leads to high complete response rates, excellent cosmetic effects, good patient tolerance, and minimal adverse reactions in Chinese BD patients. Importantly, the efficacy of ALA‐PDT is not affected by lesion size, location, or number. Trial Registration: Chinese Registry of Clinical Trials: ChiCTR1800019213

Monogenic genodermatoses encompass a diverse group of over 400 distinct disorders, presenting significant therapeutic challenges. Recent advancements in the clinical application of biological agents have heralded a new era in the management of these conditions. A plethora of clinical studies and case reports have demonstrated the efficacy of TNF‐α, IL‐1, IL‐4Rα, IL‐17A, IL‐12/23, and IL‐6R inhibitors in the management of monogenic genodermatoses. To elucidate the current landscape of biological agent utilization and their putative mechanisms of action in the context of monogenic genodermatoses, we conducted a review of the literature.

Background The cardiometabolic index (CMI) is composed of obesity and lipid indices, including the waist‐to‐height ratio (WHtR) and the triglyceride‐to‐HDL‐C (TG/HDL‐C) ratio. Previous studies have examined the clinical utility of CMI in diagnosing diabetes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and metabolic syndrome, all of which are common comorbidities in patients with psoriasis. Objective This study aims to investigate the potential association between CMI and psoriasis. Methods We performed a cross‐sectional analysis utilizing data from five cycles (2003–2006 and 2009–2016) of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), representative of the U.S. population. To investigate the association between CMI and psoriasis, we applied binary logistic regression, restricted cubic spline (RCS) modeling, and subgroup analyses. Results A total of 8342 participants were included, of whom 235 (3.12%) reported having psoriasis. After adjusting for covariates, higher CMI levels were associated with an increased likelihood of psoriasis. Psoriasis prevalence demonstrated a significant upward trend across CMI quartiles ( p for trend: Model 1, 0.005; Model 2, 0.0042; and Model 3, 0.0015). RCS analysis indicated a nonlinear relationship between CMI and psoriasis ( p overall = 0.0017, p nonlinear = 0.0033), showing an overall upward trend. Subgroup analysis showed no significant interactions across covariates ( p > 0.05). Conclusion CMI levels are significantly positively correlated with psoriasis prevalence, suggesting that CMI could serve as a convenient and accessible marker for identifying psoriasis.

Background and Aims Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a common and distressing medical condition that negatively affects the patient’s quality of life. The conditioned medium (CM) contains secreted proteins and has been investigated for several therapeutic applications. This study sought to assess the efficacy of human foreskin fibroblast (HFF)–CM in AGA treatment. Methods A pilot trial was conducted on eligible AGA patients. Initially, HFFs were isolated, expanded under sterile GMP‐compliant conditions, and characterized by mesenchymal surface marker expression prior to HFF–CM preparation. The resulting HFF–CM was collected after serum‐reduced culture, cleared of cellular debris, sterilized by filtration, and analyzed by ELISA to quantify key growth factors. Subjects received four injections of HFF–CM at 4‐week intervals. The cases were followed up for 6 months, and structural changes were evaluated by sonography, VisioFace software, and trichoscopy. Moreover, subjective satisfaction was assessed. Results During HFF–CM preparation, HFF exhibited MSC‐like morphology and mesenchymal marker expression, and the resulting CM contained a diverse growth factor profile, with IGF‐1 and KGF/FGF‐7 present at the highest levels. Fourteen eligible cases were included in this study (mean age: 34.8 ± 8.1 years, female: 78.6%). The pre‐ and post‐treatment results indicated significant changes in Ludwig’s score ( p = 0.38). Sonography showed notable changes from baseline in complete and dermal density ( p < 0.001), as well as significant improvements in trichosan at both × 60 and × 150 magnification ( p < 0.001). Physician and patient satisfaction assessments revealed excellent and good results in most cases. Conclusion AGA treatment with HFF–CM led to improvement in both objective and subjective parameters. However, large‐scale clinical studies with long‐term follow‐ups are recommended. Trial Registration: Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials: IRCT20221026056309N1

Introduction Chronic venous disease (CVD) is a prevalent vascular condition that manifests through varicose veins and a variety of clinical symptoms. Lipodermatosclerosis (LDS), a severe complication of CVD, is characterized by pain, skin fibrosis, and significant impairment of the quality of life. Despite its clinical relevance, limited evidence exists regarding the improvement of dermatological symptoms following foam sclerotherapy. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of foam sclerotherapy in treating dermatological manifestations in LDS patients. Materials and Methods In this case series, 28 patients with LDS who underwent foam sclerotherapy were evaluated. Pre‐ and posttreatment assessments focused on pain, skin pigmentation, and inflammation to determine symptom improvements. The Venous Clinical Severity Score (VCSS) was used to assess overall severity, and pain scores were recorded 1 week after the procedure. Results Foam sclerotherapy resulted in significant improvements in both overall symptom severity and inflammation, as measured by the VCSS. Notably, foam sclerotherapy provided more rapid pain relief compared with conventional medical treatments, with significant reductions observed within 1 week of treatment. Conclusions Foam sclerotherapy is a safe, effective, and minimally invasive treatment option for LDS patients, offering rapid clinical relief, particularly valuable in the context of delayed diagnosis and management. This approach may provide an alternative for patients who cannot tolerate conventional therapies.

Purpose Psoriasis is a common, chronic epidermal hyperplastic and inflammatory skin disease. Studies have shown that the reduction of skin‐derived glucocorticoids (GC) may be one of the pathogenic factors of psoriasis. However, the clinical significance of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in patients with psoriasis remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the immunohistochemical expression of GR in psoriatic lesional tissues and its quantitative correlation with psoriasis severity, as well as to clarify the direction of this association (positive or negative). Methods Skin tissue and corresponding patient information were collected from 15 patients with chronic eczema (CE), 15 patients with lichen planus (LP), 26 patients with psoriasis, and 15 healthy adults. The skin tissue was embedded in paraffin and sectioned, followed by immunohistochemical staining using a GR antibody. The clinicopathological data were then correlated with the staining results. Disease severity was assessed using the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI), body surface area (BSA), Investigator’s Global Assessment (IGA), and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) scoring systems. Results We compared GR levels in skin tissues among healthy adults and patients with psoriasis, CE, and LP. Compared with normal skin tissues, GR levels were reduced in lesional skin of both CE and LP, with an even more pronounced decrease observed in psoriasis tissues ( p < 0.01). Among the three psoriasis subtypes (ordinary psoriasis [psoriasis], pustular psoriasis [PP], and psoriatic arthritis [PA]), GR expression was the highest in the lesional skin of PA patients, exceeding that found in psoriasis patients, while expression was lower in PP lesions ( p < 0.01). Strong positive correlation was found between PASI and BSA ( r = 0.8). In comorbidity analysis, psoriasis with obesity (PO) showed increased GR levels ( p < 0.01), whereas psoriasis associated with hyperuricemia (PH) did not, confirming GR as a reliable diagnostic marker for psoriasis despite comorbidities. Conclusion GR level shows promise as an immunohistochemical biomarker for identifying psoriasis and assessing its severity. While comorbidities like obesity may affect its utility as a diagnostic marker, in the case of hyperuricemia, GR levels remain a reliable indicator.

Chronic plaque psoriasis negatively impacts patients’ work productivity, with potential substantial financial implications. This post hoc analysis assessed associations between disease (itch, pain, dermatology life quality index [DLQI], and psoriasis area and severity index [PASI])‐ and work‐related outcome measures (absenteeism, presenteeism, and activity and work impairment) in 116 patients with moderate‐to‐severe plaque psoriasis treated with tildrakizumab for 24 weeks. We extrapolated the potential economic value of reducing work productivity loss with tildrakizumab treatment in society, using Norway as a model. Elevated pain and DLQI scores significantly increased the degree of absenteeism, and pain, DLQI, and itch were significantly positively associated with presenteeism, activity impairment, and work impairment. The PASI did not associate with any work outcome measure. Economic impact due to work productivity loss was extrapolated at approximately EUR 12,700 per person annually. In conclusion, all disease outcome measures except the PASI were associated with a work‐related outcome measure, indicating that more holistic measures for assessing psoriasis disease burden may be more beneficial from a patient perspective. Additionally, the economic value of reduced work productivity loss due to tildrakizumab treatment was extrapolated to be substantial in Norwegian society, suggesting that managing plaque psoriasis with this biologic could be clinically and economically beneficial.

Background Fractional CO 2 laser (FCL) is widely used for resurfacing the skin with atrophic acne scars. This study aims to explore the synergistic efficacy of recombinant humanized type III collagen (rhCol III) on FCL in treating atrophic acne scars. Methods A total of 20 patients with facial atrophic acne scars from two medical institutions were treated with a single session of full‐face FCL. One month post‐FCL, they were randomly assigned to the FCL + rhCol III group and FCL + NC group, with 10 cases per group. Patients in the FCL + rhCol III group received dermal injections with 4 mg of rhCol III dissolved in 1.2 mL of saline on one side of the face, and those in the FCL + NC group were similarly injected with the same amount of saline. Dermal injections were performed three times, with an interval of 4 weeks. Therapeutic efficacy was assessed using the Echelle d’évaluation clinique des cicatrices d’acné (ECCA) grading scale and the Global Scarring Grading System (GSS). Human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) were cultured in vitro, and induced with FCL and rhCol III. Immunofluorescence was utilized to detect the expression of type I and III collagens. RNA‐sequencing (RNA‐seq) identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in HDFs induced with FCL combined with rhCol III. Results A total of 18 eligible patients were enrolled and followed up. Post‐treatment, patients in the FCL + rhCol III group were graded with a significantly lower ECCA score (77.50 ± 15.07 vs. 106.1 ± 21.25, p < 0.05), but a higher scar improvement rate (40.23% ± 13.23% vs. 23.26% ± 19.69%, p < 0.05) than those in the FCL + NC group. Classified by the type of acne scars, patients with boxcar and icepick acne scars significantly benefited more from FCL combined with rhCol III than those in the FCL + NC group and showed a significantly reduced ECCA score and an increased scar improvement rate ( p < 0.05). Similarly, patients in the FCL + rhCol III group also exhibited significantly a lower GSS score (7.75 ± 1.75 vs. 10.00 ± 2.33, p < 0.05) and a higher scar improvement rate (43.30% ± 10.49% vs. 25.59% ± 18.34%, p < 0.05). In vitro experiments showed that the induction of FCL combined with rhCol III significantly upregulated type I and III collagens in HDFs. RNA‐seq unmasked that MAPK signaling pathway was activated in HDFs induced with FCL combined with rhCol III. Conclusion FCL combined with rhCol III effectively reduces facial atrophic acne scars through the activation of the MAPK pathway.

Methotrexate is a well‐known chemotherapeutic agent, widely used alone or in combination with other drugs in the treatment of cancer. Methotrexate applications in dermatology have significantly expanded over the years. Methotrexate is an established treatment modality for psoriasis; other indications include vitiligo, atopic dermatitis, immunobullous disorders, alopecia areata, neutrophilic dermatoses, and cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma. To increase the efficacy and reduce the potential adverse effects, different methotrexate forms and modes of delivery have been investigated including intralesional and topical modalities. Herein, dermatologists are introduced to methotrexate different indications in clinical practice, its mechanism of action, and the in‐depth knowledge needed to effectively and safely prescribe methotrexate to their patients with confidence. Mastery of prescribing methotrexate is an essential skill for dermatologists.