The article is devoted to the analysis of the rules of behaviour of communicants in the process of distance learning. The purpose of the study is to consider the main difficulties that arise when students and teachers communicate in the virtual space, to identify their causes and ways to overcome them. The author focuses on the rules of email etiquette. The data obtained during a survey of students and teachers of the Perm State National Research University is used by the author. The relevance of the topic raised in this article is due to the fact that at present it is an urgent need to teach students and schoolchildren the basics of digital etiquette, namely, polite communication in social networks, compliance with the etiquette of official email correspondence, etc. The methods used for research include analysis, description, observation, comparison. The results of the study showed that in the moving to distance learning, when students ' communication with the teacher becomes mediated, many students experience certain difficulties, because they do not know the rules of behaviour in cyberspace. In this regard, it is concluded that teachers should include the module " Acquaintance with digital etiquette " in the course of training in order to make communication with students more effective and develop the necessary communicative competence.

The sphere of activity of students is associated with a sedentary lifestyle, they are at risk of many diseases that develop due to lack of physical activity. That is why there is a subject «physical education» in their curriculum. Educational institutions use the standards of the complex «Ready for Labor and Defense» (GTO) to assess the physical fitness of students. This article provides information about the history of the complex «Ready for Labor and Defense» (GTO) and its contribution to the lives of students, characterizes and reviews the features of physical training of students of strength orientation to pass the standards of the GTO for strength, lists the reasons for choosing the complex GTO as a way to assess students and conducts research to identify the effectiveness of using strength exercises necessary for students to achieve the standards of the complex GTO for strength, in the framework of physical education. Research Methods. Developed strength-oriented physical exercises were carried out in physical education classes, the method of a step-by-step increase in load with an individual approach, the method of control exercises and the method of comparative analysis of the first and second stages of the study. Results of the study. With the help of the conducted experiment a significant dynamic of all the results is observed, the comparative indicators are presented in the diagram, conclusions are drawn that systematic lessons strength orientation with a gradual increase in load, with improvement of technique of correct exercise contribute to the development of the physical quality «strength».

The article deals with the concept of pedagogical culture of parents, the goals of development of pedagogical culture of parents and methods of formation and improvement of the level of pedagogical culture of parents. The paper focuses on the tasks of interaction between an educational institution and the family in the upbringing of children. Methods of study. To study the possibility of forming a pedagogical culture of parents, we used a questionnaire to survey the needs of parents to interact with the educational institution and the interest of teachers in working with the family, the «Ideas about the ideal parent» method by R. V. Ovcharova, Y.A. Degtyareva, «Family Biofield» inquirer by V. V. Boyko and «Determination of parenting skills» questionnaire by O.L. Zvereva. Results of the study. The article shows the results of the impact of the program, which includes a seminar using the case technology «pedagogical culture of parents» and parent training based on the program «education based on common sense» on the formation of the pedagogical culture of parents. Conclusion. The results of the study proved the possibility of purposeful formation of the pedagogical culture of parents in the educational system of the school and the high efficiency of practice – and personality-oriented methods of such work, and also showed greater competence and awareness among parents and kindergarten teachers in the education of children.

The author of the article outlines that nicknames represent a relatively new linguistic phenomenon in virtual communication, which has been the subject of many contemporary studies. However, some aspects of this phenomenon, as well as the spheres of the Internet in which nicknames function, remain insufficiently explored. The aim of the work is to solve the question whether nicknames of users of entertainment sites have special structural, semantic and functional features that distinguish them from users of other resources. To solve the above-mentioned question an attempt to identify and describe the features of nicknames of only one specific area – German-language humorous websites has been made by the author of the article. Methods. In the course of the research, the following methods were applied: structural analysis, statistical method, descriptive method, observation, comparison, generalization, systematization and interpretation, as well as the method of quantitative experimental data processing. Results of the research. In the course of the research more than 200 nicknames were collected and analyzed according to various criteria: by their language affiliation, by structural and semantic methods of their creation, by age and gender of the users. The author supposes that nicknames should be considered in the context of the particular Internet resources, as the discursive specificity of sites determines, first of all, the semantic feature of nicknames. It is emphasized that the main function of humorous websites is humor and entertainment, so the dominant motives for creating nicknames will be laughter and principled lightness. The author also pays special attention to the fact that unlike other types of nicknames, humorous virtual names are not intended to arouse interest and sympathy, but perform primarily identifying and pragmatic functions.

The authors of the article outline that in modern linguistics, the role of human character in language and speech is studied, new concepts such as the conceptual picture of the world, language portrait, speech portrait, the ratio of language and speech, etc. are defined. The relevance of the article is presented in the linguistic description of the speeches by politicians of the Republican party in connection with the increased international interest in political life. The language features of speeches by American politicians are reviewed. The goal-directed factor of the research is to determine the lexical features of political speeches that characterize representatives of the Republican party as well-known political figures. Methods. Accordingly, the description of the lexicon of politicians, which acts as a lexical analysis in this work, is the main method of research, which is inextricably linked with semantic analysis. The language base for the research is English-language publications, such as The Guardian, the Washington Post, and the New York Times. The results of the study are associated with the identification of words used in political speeches that show the attitude of Republicans to the needs and values of American society, special abbreviations, expressions related to political, military, and social spheres of activity. It is concluded that the lexical and semantic characteristics influence the formation of ideas about the communicative and personal qualities of politicians.

The article deals with issues of methodology of establishing distance learning by means of video lessons. It contributes to the resolution of methodological contradictions that can take place while establishing distance learning process. The purpose of the research is to clarify the concept of video lessons as well as to identify organizational and pedagogical conditions for effective use of video lessons in distance learning. The following research methods were used: analysis of scientific and pedagogical literature, conference materials, study of educational Internet portals, analysis of practical experience on the use of video lessons in distance learning for schoolchildren. As a result of the research, the concept of video lesson is clarified, its types are briefly described in terms of form and methodological content, and online learning platforms for distance learning are reviewed. Various options for organizing distance learning for schoolchildren using video lessons, their capabilities and limitations are presented, and detailed methodological recommendations are given. It is concluded that the presence of three mandatory stages in the distance learning process, definition of the interaction mode in each of the stages, based on specific conditions of the learning process (the technical capabilities of the parties, the nature of the educational material, level of preparation and motivation of pupils), the presence of qualitative feedback in the dyad "teacher – student" are related to the organizational and pedagogical conditions for effective use of video lessons in distance learning.

An attempt to establish the relationship between the formation of meta-subject competencies in delinquent adolescents in the framework of educational and extracurricular activities in an educational institution and the transition of forms of its behavioral manifestations from social disapproval to behavior regulated by legal norms was made. The authors outline that in order to structure knowledge about metasubject competencies, they are classified into meta-activities, meta-ways and meta-abilities that directly affect the rehabilitation of delinquent adolescents by means of educational and extracurricular activities organized in an educational institution. Methods of research: comparative and theoretical analysis of psychological and pedagogical literature, monographs and thesis works, documentation; generalization, comparison, systematization. Research result. The authors come to the conclusion that delinquent adolescent, due to the features of their socially disapproved forms of life, have well-defined formed competencies, but apply them in asocial behavioral manifestations. The article pays attention to the importance of improving the effectiveness of activity of educational institutions on the formation of delinquent adolescents’ metasubject competencies as a means of overcoming adolescent deviation. However, attention is drawn to the possible risks in this area of activity due to the delinquent adolescents’ frequent absence from school, so the authors also paid attention to the need to form academic motivation in delinquent adolescents to achieve the goals of forming metasubject competencies and overcoming delinquency.

The results of experimental work on the elective course “Health-saving activities of a doctor in health care organizations” for students studying in the specialty of medical and preventive care, in accordance with the competencies proposed by the Federal State Educational Standard is highlighted in the article. Methods. As the main methods aimed at forming the components of professional and psychological readiness for health-saving activities, test, creative assignment, project method were included to the elective course. A general assessment of the effectiveness of the above mentioned methods is based on an analysis of subjective and conditionally objective assessments on the formation of readiness for health-saving activities, which were obtained on the basis of specially developed questions and the method of pedagogical assessment, the criteria of which took into account the type of students' assignments. Results. The analysis of the results allowed us to draw the following conclusions: it is meaningful to take into account the stages of knowledge assimilation and experience in the discipline when selecting training methods; the effectiveness of the project method and its place in achieving mastery of course – the stage of consolidation and deepening of knowledge, mastering skills in professional activities – is demonstrated;it is necessary to include elements of active, interactive and simulation methods as means of stimulating the reflection of one’s own psychological readiness for professional activity among future specialists.

The relevance of improving the criteria for assessing competencies obtained in the course of learning history by schoolchildren, estimating the quality and relevance of knowledge, skills and abilities is emphasized. The purpose of the article is to identify pupils’ basic skills, as well as the possibility of making cognitive queries for mastering the disciplines of the social and humanitarian cycle of university training and building a civic position. Methods of research: analysis of the results of the State Final Certification on history at schools of the Chuvash Republic, methodological seminars of teachers who teaches history, monitoring. The authors emphasized that in order to develop criteria for the acquisition of socio-legal, humanitarian disciplines by first-year students and those who are pursuing a specialist's degree at higher educational institutions of the Chuvash Republic firstly it is necessary to analyze the results of mastering social and humanitarian disciplines by students, secondly, to compare them with the typical results of those who pass the State Final Examination on history, thirdly, to conduct an empirical interview with students in order to identify their cognitive needs. Results of the research. The most acute problems associated with the study of the history course by schoolchildren, the theory and methods of teaching history were identified, the task for developing a methodology for students’ monitoring cognitive queries on the history at humanitarian universities. The suggestions in the areas of improving teaching history at school for the development of students' competencies for higher humanitarian and legal education are proposed.

The author emphasizes that ongoing global changes in society, new directions of sociocultural development have led to the necessity of making changes in requirements of the quality of education on every level. It is noted that these new requirements imply not only pupils’ subject knowledge development but also their metasubject and personal competence formation. Educational institutions faced difficulties while establishing educational process in accordance with the introduced state directions. The author comes to the conclusion that in search of the solution, educational institutions started to form networks and communities that let integrate both resources and abilities to succeed in fulfilling of the tasks given by the government. The concept of a “service state” is considered; principles of service activities of educational institutions are defined; client focus of educational institutions is reviewed; the main provisions of the network interaction of educational institutions are presented; regulatory acts, projects in which the network interaction in the field of education is fixed are analyzed; an independent assessment of the quality of education is given; educational institutions that occupy leading places in the opinion of service consumers about network interaction, taking into account the focus on the need of direct service consumers are considered. In the course of the study, the following methods were used: analysis and synthesis, comparison, interviewing. The result of the study was a network interaction project taking into account the focus on service by the Humanitarian Lyceum in Tomsk and Tomsk State University.