The article summarizes the results of the scientific theoretical seminar "From an ideological construct to behavioral models. The official discourse of civic consciousness and park culture in the 1920s - 1930sin the Urals". The seminar was held on May 18, 2022, at the Institute of Philosophy and Law of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Ekaterinburg). The seminar participants considered different types of civic consciousness in the public Russian discourse of the present time and in a historical perspective. The discourse of "noble civic consciousness" (imperial discourse); liberaldemocratic discourse (late 19th - early 20th centuries; 1990s - early 2000s); Soviet discourse of quasi civic consciousness and its variants; modern official discourse of civic consciousness and patriotism are revealed. The conclusion is made about the dominance of the official, authoritative discourse of civic consciousness in the history of Russia. In addition, the seminar demonstrated on the example of gardens and parks of Sverdlovsk in the 1920s and 1930s how the approach to working with visitors was changing and their ability to influence the functioning of park spaces was reducing. It is shown that the active involvement of citizens in the process of designing leisure practices in park spaces in the 1920s was replaced by the cultivation of passive recreation in the 1930s. The background of this transition is indicated in the form of modifications of the state policy in the park culture. The role of recreational parks is revealed in the formation of a new hierarchy of park spaces, the removal of visitors from the opportunity to create a leisure agenda and influence the work of parks and, as a result, turning a park visitor into a passive object impacted by the authorities.

Carl Schmitt is known as the founder of decisionism - the doctrine of the political Decision made by a sovereign in extreme circumstances and characterized by a constitutive meaning for the political and legal order of the state. Using the comparative historical method the author of the article tries to find in the Russian political and legal thought of the early 20th century concepts that could claim to be "proto-decisionist". The ideas of conservative legal thinkers as L. A. Tikhomirov, N. A. Zakharov and P. E. Kazansky are under discussion. Interpretations of C. Schmitt's decisionism in contemporary Russian political discourse are studied as well. It is shown that the Russian science of the early 20th century, which developed its own doctrine of sovereign power and its Decision as the constituting principle of the political and legal order, came to conclusions that were largely similar to those made by Schmitt and in some issues advanced even further. Based on the provided comparison it is deduced that an attempt to build "political theology" on purely rational, scientific grounds led С. Schmitt to deification of the state and thereby to irrationalization of the science. On the contrary, Russian conservative thinkers never forgot that the political ontos was by no means the limit of being, and the sovereign as its ultimate authority had still a higher principle over him. This albeit purely ideal accountability was the ultimate foundation of sovereignty. So, constant observance of the true hierarchical relationship between the transcendental and the immanent, the metaphysical and the ontological, the Divine and the human helped them to refrain from replacing the Absolute with the relative and to avoid deification of earthly power.

Monograph review: Volodenkov, S. V. (2021). Internet communications in the global space of contemporary political governance: Towards the digital society. Moscow: Prospekt. On the threshold of a digital society, many social institutions and actors are forced to transform under the influence of mediatization, virtualization, big data expansion and digital technologies, as well as they have to integrate into a new social reality, where the boundaries between the real and the virtual are blurred. This article is an analytical review of the monograph by the Russian political scientist Sergey V. Volodenkov "Internet communications in the global space of contemporary political governance: Towards the digital society". The conducted analysis makes it possible to distinguish three problemthematic blocks in the reviewed work. The first of them is related to the study of theoretical aspects of political communication and political communicative space. The second block covers the phenomenon of political governance and its features in the context of the modern Internet space. The third describes the issues characterizing strategies, actors, resources, technologies and methods of information and communication impact on public conscience, on the human value system in the political communication space. Analytical method, categorical analysis, methods of secondary data analysis, and comparative analysis were used to prepare the review of the monograph. The author of the reviewed work relies on statistical, sociological and analytical data indicating the intensity of digitalization of society, the predominance of mass Internet communications in society, the spread of information resources in political practice. The monograph makes a successful attempt to analyze the process of using Internet technologies in the field of political communications. Main Internet technologies aimed at manipulating public opinion are identified and analyzed. The book shows the practice of using technologies of political propaganda and information aggression in Arab and other countries, as well as in the political campaigns of US presidential candidates. The work is certain to be of interest to a wide range of readers, since it addresses the formation of a digital society, on the threshold of which the modern civilization is.

The article is based on the reflections caused by the scientific discussion that unfolded at the meeting of the Fourth Saturday Political Science Readings at the Russian Presidential Academy, which are traditionally held in conjunction with the Russian Political Science Association and the Academy of Political Science. The focus of the meeting was on the analysis of the situation in Russia and in the world in the context of the political pandemic. A wide range of domestic and foreign scientists got interested in the topic. The meeting was attended by more than 70 people from 13 cities of the Russian Federation - Moscow, Saint Petersburg, Bryansk, Vladimir, Ekaterinburg, Yoshkar-Ola, Nizhny Novgorod, Novosibirsk, Krasnoyarsk, Pskov, Rostov-on-Don, Sevastopol, Yaroslavl, as well as from Donetsk, graduate students and teachers from Bulgaria, Macedonia, Ukraine, and Nigeria. The presentations were made by well-known experts in the field of economics, political management and international relations. The analysis showed, firstly, that the strategic forecast made long ago by a number of well-known European andAmerican universities and foundations predicted the emergence of a global pandemic with its political and economic consequences and inevitability of a new world order formation; secondly, the coronavirus only exacerbated the problems that had matured long ago and are associated with the constantly growing consumption, with natural resources depletion and with the extreme complexity of the political management object, which the governing elites cannot cope with. Against this background, all kinds of concepts of the future have emerged: "democratic fascism", the new "normality", simplification of the management object by controlling and digitalizing its life and activities, etc. The role of multinational companies, which are enriched by such pandemics, is increasing; medium and small businesses are losing a lot, which means that the middle class is decreasing; the role of intergovernmental organizations such as the UN, the European Union, and, especially, international NGOs, whose opinion is not taken into account today when making important political decisions, is weakening. In this regard, the following questions are raised: what are the political prospects for Russia and the world as a whole to cope with the pandemic and the increasingly complex management tasks, what is the meaning of the "new realism" and what can it lead to.

The article considers, in determining definition of "historical memory", the development of the term in the historical and socio-political spheres of science, its use in the context of modernity, the appropriate conclusions on the application of this phenomenon to political and socio-cultural changes in the world are given. The situations in Colombia and Russia are used as examples of different possible states of the phenomenon depending on the distinct peoples. The comparative analysis of the states of this phenomenon and the events and actions hosted in these countries is undertaken.

. , . . .

The article is devoted to the Russian-Belarusian integration. A lot of attention is paid to reviewing theoretical approaches to explaining regional integration in political science. It is shown that these methodological directions and schools explain the creation of integration associations solely by the action of external (geopolitical and geo-economics) factors. The author, relying on the theory of neoclassical realism, on the basis of large empirical material, proves that a complex of internal factors and the interests of domestic political actors played a big role in the formation of the Union of Russia and Belarus.

The article attempts to explicate the discourse of death in the aesthetics of the musical style Heavy metal. The author identifies four types of discursive death practices, are brutalization, dramatization, heroization, criticism. It is shown that the appeal to the theme of death in Heavy metal is a protest against alienated forms of modern inhuman existence.

We give a statement that a logical reasoning is aimed at re-interpreting the thesis within the framework of a given value. The cognitive feature of the metaphor in the discourse of A. Lincoln is that it does not change the existing value preferences of the addressee, the American people, but, precisely, the equality of all people and their representation of freedom.