This paper aims to present and analyze the hygiene education project of Belisario Penna (1868-1939). This physician took part in the public health movement that sought, through reforms in public health policy and education, to change the conditions that made Brazil a country of the poor, sick and illiterate. We describe the main ideas expressed by Penna in the period between 1900 and 1930. For this purpose, we use his archive as a privileged source of this physician, one of the leading intellectuals of the time.

La figura del catedràtic José María López Piñero i la seua lluita per la conservació i difusió del patrimoni històric-mèdic va ser essencial per a la creació de la Biblioteca i el Museu d’Història de la Medicina de la Universitat de València. Es fa un breu recorregut històric sobre la creació de tots dos. //.

In October 1899, the bubonic plague arrived in Brazil through the port of Santos. A city of intensive port activity, Santos was the gateway for a plague epidemic that devastated several cities in Brazil in the early 20th century and prompted joint action by several states to fight it. More importantly, given the difficulties and delays in importing anti-plague serum from Europe, it led to the creation of the Butantan Institute in Sao Paulo (in 1899) and the Municipal Serotherapeutic Institute in Rio de Janeiro (in 1900), which developed and standardized anti-plague serum and vaccines according to the particular conditions of the country. Until then, public health efforts had been isolated and had not reached the whole country. Oswaldo Cruz, newly arrived after three years of specialization at the Pasteur Institute in Paris, worked with scientists Adolfo Lutz and Vital Brazil on identifying the plague in Santos. This article analyzes the arrival of the bubonic plague epidemic in the state of Sao Paulo and the public health measures taken to combat the disease and provide patient care in the early part of the 20th century. The primary sources for this analysis were the São Paulo newspapers, especially O Estado de Sao Paulo, and reports from the Ministry of Justice and the President of the State of Sao Paulo.

This article aims to analyze responses of the population to the influenza epidemic that struck Salvador, capital of Bahia state, Brazil, in early September 1918. From this perspective, we discuss the measures taken by health authorities, the defensive actions of ordinary people, and the adoption of religion-based practices to confront a disease hitherto considered benign and seasonal, which appeared with a surprising virulence at an unusual time of year. We used newspapers published in Salvador during the influenza epidemic as a privileged source for this research.

Taking as a chronological field the period between the black plague pandemic and the beginning of the bacteriological era in Europe, the Mediterranean and North America and other areas, this article addresses the morphology of lazarets as a whole, taking account of the different traditions and knowledge that influenced their configuration.