The present study investigates the morphometric, meristic, and length–weight relationships of Channa punctatus populations from two freshwater habitats in Tamil Nadu — Madurai (Sakkimangalam) and Virudhunagar (Kullursandhai). A total of 207 specimens were analyzed to assess intra-specific variation and population differentiation. Standard morphometric measurements and meristic counts were recorded and statistically analyzed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis through PAST software (version 1.89). The length–weight relationship for the combined sexes was expressed as Y = 7.9616x – 80.664, indicating a negative allometric growth pattern where weight increased less proportionally than length. PCA results revealed that the first three principal components accounted for approximately 70% of total variance, highlighting significant morphological differentiation between the two populations, particularly in head and fin morphometry. Cluster analysis further indicated slight segregation between Madurai and Virudhunagar populations, possibly reflecting environmental influences such as water quality, food availability, and habitat structure. Despite partial overlap in morphometric traits, population-level distinctions were evident, suggesting adaptive divergence under localized ecological conditions. The findings underscore the value of integrating morphometric and meristic analyses in stock discrimination and fisheries management of C. punctatus.

The current study was conducted during the period of 2024-2025 at the dragon fruit plantation of the Department of Horticulture, School of Agricultural Science and Technology (SAST), Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (BBAU), Lucknow, UP, India (26°55’ N latitude and 80°54’ E longitude, standing 123 meters MSL) in the subtropical climate having average temperatures dip to 2°C during winter, while summer highs often soar to 45°C along with 700 mm of annual rainfall where soil is sandy loam and slightly alkaline in nature with pH 8.1. The experiment was conducted in randomized block design (RBD) with 8 treatments and 3 replications to study the influence of CPPU, Humic acid and Paclobutrazol on growth and fruit quality of dragon fruit. CPPU was applied as foliar spray and Humic acid & Paclobutrazol was applied as soil drenching. The results showed that CPPU @ 200 ppm +Humic acid @10% had significant positive impact on vegetative growth parameters (plant length, segment length, arch height) followed by improved thickness and circumference by the combined application of CPPU @200 ppm + Humic Acid @10% + Paclobutrazol @1.5 g a.i./m2. Similarly, combined application of CPPU @200 ppm + Humic Acid @10% + Paclobutrazol @1.5 g a.i./m2 improved physical and chemical quality parameters of dragon fruits. Thus, combined application of CPPU @200 ppm + Humic Acid @10% + Paclobutrazol @1.5 g a.i./m2 two times during April and May on dragon fruit crop grown under subtropical climate of Lucknow may be suggested for better growth and improved fruit quality.

Waterlogging causes significant damage to chilli crops and is a persistent problem in Odisha. So a net house study was conducted at College of Agriculture, Bhubaneswar, Odisha in rabi 2022-23 to examine the response of chilli genotypes to waterlogging stress. In the first phase, eight chilli varieties were tested under varying durations (2, 4, 6, and 8 hours) of waterlogging. Among them, two local genotypes, Barkote and Daringbadi, showed remarkable tolerance, in way of more adventitious roots, lower incidence of leaf yellowing and wilting. Based on these initial observations, a second experiment was conducted using these two tolerant local chilli and the plants were exposed to same waterlogging period. A noticeable decline in growth and a sudden wilting disorder was recorded to rise in waterlogging period. Both the genotypes produced fewer leaves and exhibited a significant reduction in leaf area under waterlogged conditions compared to their control plants. Short-term waterlogging triggered an oxidative burst, which corresponded with increased activities of proteins, carbohydrates, and proline, indicating a stress-induced metabolic response. However, prolonged exposure had a detrimental effect on yield attributes. Although both Barkote and Daringbadi showed decreased yield under stress condition, Daringbadi suffered a comparatively greater reduction of 19.8% than Barkote.

The quality of seedlings in tomato cultivation plays an important role in good growth and higher yield. The farmers generally using over aged seedlings without root treatment, which leads to a reduction in yield and productivity. For raising healthy seedlings, the nursery beds should be well prepared along with soil treatment, seed treatment, light irrigation and all intercultural operations will be done in well manner. In this trial we had done transplanting of twenty days old seedlings without root treatment and thirty-day-old seedlings with treatment of 2% rhizobacteria solution. The best result was obtained in the findings of transplanting of 30 days old seedlings with root treatment rhizobacteria. The maximum plant height 62.68 cm, Highest number of Primary and Secondary branches 7:43 and 9.65 per plant, highest yield 309.27 Q/ha was recorded in the transplanting of 30 days old seedlings along with root dip in Rhizobacteria solution as compared to other treatments. The maximum gross return 247426 Rs/ha net return 184742.28 Rs/ha with the highest BC ratio 3.95 was recorded in the case of this treatment in one year and gross return 249879 Rs/ha, net return 186031 Rs/ ha and BC ration 3.91 during other year of trail as compared to other treatments. The healthy crop of tomato depends on healthy seedlings and soil environment. The seedlings’ treatment with rhizobacteria solution improves the microbial communities around the rootzone. In this trial the best suitable age of seedlings was 30 days with root treatment with rhizobacteria solution for getting a healthy crop with good and higher yield in Agro climatic and Soil conditions of Nalanda district in Bihar.

The study emphasizes on nutrient and mineral composition of poultry bird eggs found in Assam. Four egg varieties viz. Bahuboli, farm chicken, duck and local chicken egg were selected for the study. Standard AOAC methods were used for determination of proximate and nutritional analysis. The study suggested significantly (p<0.05) major differences in the nutritional composition among all the egg varieties. Carbohydrate content was found the highest in farm chicken egg (0.43±0.007 g/100 g), followed by duck egg (0.38±0.009 g/100 g), Bahuboli egg (0.31±0.004 g/100 g) and local chicken egg (0.30±0.02 g/100 g) respectively. Lipid content was detected highest in duck egg (36±2.64%), followed by Bahuboli egg (36±1%), farm chicken egg (34±1.5) and least was found in local chicken egg (31±1.7%). Cholesterol was found highest in duck egg (7.20±0.046 mg/g) and lowest in local chicken egg (5.28±0.11 mg/g). Highest calorific value was found in duck egg (201.06±2.916) kcal/100 g and lowest in local chicken eggs (119.06±9.70) kcal/100 g. The findings suggested that duck eggs have significantly (p<0.05) higher protein, fats, lipid and cholesterol content. In the mineral analysis, the concentration of zinc showed highest in Bahuboli egg (28.06 mg/100 g) and sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium were found the highest in local chicken egg variety.

The experiment was carried out at Bahadari Research Farm of College of Horticulture, Mandsaur (Madhya Pradesh), India during winter season of 2020-21 on Gladiolus cv Punjab Dawn with an aim to find out the effect of different plant spacing and corm size on flowering and post-harvest quality of gladiolus spike, using the three spacing’s (S1 30 × 30 cm, S2 30 × 20 cm and S3 20 × 20 cm) and three corm sizes C1 (<3.0 cm), C2 (3.0–4.0 cm) and C3 (>4.0 cm). The experiment was laid out in Factorial Randomized Block Design (FRBD) with three replications. The result revealed that, the plant produced from wider spacing with larger corm size (30 × 30 cm + > 4.0 cm) was superior with respect to days taken to spike emergence (75.47 days), days taken to opening of first floret (83.87 days), length of spike (78.90 cm), number of floret per spike (16.73 cm), number of open florets per spike (16.73) rachis length (42.27 cm), fresh weight of spike (45.33 g), dry weight of spike (4.42 g), water uptake (130.17 ml) and vase life (10.50 days).

This study investigates the effect of seed priming with green-synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) on germination and growth in two mustard varieties (PDZM31 and PM28). ZnO-NPs were synthesized using Coriandrum sativum leaves extract through a green synthesis approach. Seeds were primed with varying concentrations (20 ppm and 40 ppm) of ZnO-NPs before sowing. Results showed a positive correlation between ZnO-NP concentration and seedling growth up to a specific threshold. In PDZM31, both 20 ppm and 40 ppm concentrations exhibited favorable effects on seedling growth and germination. Similarly, in PM28, 20 ppm and 40 ppm concentrations promoted seedling growth and germination. These findings suggest that seed priming with green-synthesized ZnO-NPs can be a potential strategy to enhance germination and growth in mustard crops.

As a nutritious and under exploited cucurbitaceous vegetable, Solena amplexicaullis can be a promising alternative to provide nutritious food for billions, while also serving as a potential source for developing abiotic stress resilient varieties. To evaluate its potential as a wonder crop in the tropical and sub-tropical regions of India, the present study was carried out to know the yield and nutritional quality of eighteen collected genotypes of Solena amplexicaulis lam (Gandhi) at Central Horticultural Experiment Station, Bhubaneswar. The collected genotypes were planted in Randomized Block Design with three replications. The nutrient profiling of fruits of Solena amplexicaullis revealed higher accumulation of nutrients viz. protein, ascorbic acid, potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The result pertaining to nutrient profiling of fruits provide valuable insights into the nutritional importance and genetic potential of this neglected crop for future breeding program.

A field experiment was conducted during the rabi season of 2023-2024 at the Instructional cum Experimental Farm, Nagaland University, School of Agricultural Sciences, Medziphema campus to evaluate the effect of post-emergence application of imazethapyr on growth, yield, quality and economics in garden pea. The experiment consisted of 12 treatments laid out in RBD with three replications and the variety used for cultivation was KSP-110. Results of the experiment revealed that application of post-emergence spray of imazethapyr @ 125 g a.i. ha-1 at 30 DAS (T11) obtained maximum germination percentage (81.03%), plant height (55.33 cm), number of leaf/plant (52.67), number of branches/plant (18.33), length of pod (8.10 cm), number of seed per pods (8.27). Application of post-emergence spray of imazethapyr @ 75 g a. i. ha-1 at 40 DAS (T6) obtained maximum diameter of the pod (1.25 cm), number of pods per plant (7.00), fresh weight of pod (5.97 g), pod yield (139.33 q/ha). Dry matter of seed (32.90%), protein content in seed (28.85%) were obtained maximum when treated with post-emergence spray of imazethapyr @ 75 g a.i./ha at 20 DAS (T4). Treatment T6 (post-emergence spray of imazethapyr @ 75 g a. i. ha-1 at 40 DAS) recorded maximum net return of Rs. 452420 with B:C ratio 4.31. The above findings suggest that the application of imazethapyr can be effectively used for obtaining higher yield, reduce weed, reduce labor cost, and higher net returns for cultivation of garden pea.

This study presents an Eco-floristic analysis of tree species in Satlasana taluka in Mehsana district of Gujarat. The investigation aimed to document the diversity, distribution, and ecological characteristics of tree species in the region. A comprehensive survey was conducted across different habitats, and data on tree species composition, density, frequency, and abundance were collected. A total of 107 tree species belonging to 36 families were recorded. The study revealed a significant variation in tree species diversity and composition across different habitats. The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the ecological characteristics of tree species in the region and have implications for conservation and sustainable management of forest resources in Satlasana taluka.