‫انًستخذيْن‬ ‫خجرح‬

Batch electrocoagulation (EC) experiments were carried out to evaluate the removal of COD and O&G from wastewater using iron electrodes. The effects of operating parameters such as current intensity, initial COD concentration and contact time on COD and O&G removal efficiency had been investigated. It was found that increasing current intensity increased COD and O&G removal efficiency. Initial COD concentration had a little effect on removal efficiencies. Results showed that the COD removal efficiencies after 60 min. was 80.87 – 84.1 % at current of 1.3 A, 96.1 - 97.9 % at 1.6 A and after 45 min. was 97.9 - 98.6 % at 1.9 A. It can be noticed that after 60 min, for initial COD concentration of1280 mg/l the percentage COD removal was 83.13%, at 11.6 volt and 1.3 ampere, 97.5%, at 14 volt and 1.6 ampere and was 98.6 % at 16.4 volt and 1.9 ampere ,after 45 min .

In today’s highly competitive environment, an effective supplier selection process is very important to the success of any manufacturing organization. In this context, supplier selection represents one of the most important functions to be performed by the purchasing department. This paper presents a supplier selection problem along with an integrated multi objective, multiproduct, multi period model under hybrid Make-To-Stock (MTS)/Make-To-Order (MTO) production strategy. The model consists of manufacturer, multi-product, multi distributer, and multi-supplier. The objective of the model is to minimize the total cost, minimize the total delivery time, and maximize the facility utilization involved in running supply chain via Fuzzy Goal Programming (FGP) approach. The model is tested with a set of realistic data and the optimal results show that most of strategic and tactical decisions are obtained. So the model is validated and provided useful tool to select the optimal supplier.

Municipal Sludge Treatment is a first priority issue in high populated countries like Egypt. Building materials properties were employed in treating sewage sludge. Adding water to cement and lime creates alkaline media, which raises pH of sludge for certain period of time. High pH ensures getting rid of pathogens in the treated sludge. Unlike industrial wastes, Cement Kiln Dust is similar to Cement composition with less specification. An investigation of several alkaline building materials was conducted to compare the influence of mixing them with sewage sludge. Using by-product Cement Kiln Dust proved to be effective and was lime competitive. Fresh collected Cement Kiln Dust has a larger potential in raising pH than that of stored one. Cement Kiln Dust as well as lime achieved Class B specifications. Using Cement Kiln Dust proved to be effective and cheap treatment of Municipal Sludge

Disability is a part of the human nature, where everyone suffers from some form of disability at some point in his life stage, it may be temporary or permanent. The research problem could be summarized in how the architectural rehabilitation is not efficient for the integration of students with disabilities in the Egyptian Governmental schools, Thus, a study of the current situation of the architectural rehabilitation of some local schools is required, which can be occurred by comparing local models to some Arab and international examples. The importance of the Research represented as it is the first step for the person with disability in dealing with the community. The Reseach aims at defining the Importance of the Integration of Students with disabilities in the School Environment, and assesses the design processes achieved in the schools with the integration programs. The Research follows the Qualitative approach, which depends on the method of a case study, through a comparative analysis of two local examples with International and Arabic ones. The research consists of three parts,the first part discusses the theoretical framework of the concepts of disability and integration, while the second part deals with the case study of international, Arabic and local examples, and concludes with findings and recommendations. The research results indicate that the average level of architectural rehabilitation of the local models is weak. The inefficiency of such schools is represented in the lack of basic criteria which should have been considered for students with disabilities. Such inconsideration results in their movement disability and prevents them from using spaces independently. The research recommends the allocation of at least one school, at each level of educational administration to serve as an educational, therapeutic, and rehabilitative institution - given the current economic challenges faced by Egypt - as well as providing all detailed drawings that concern design with accessibility for individuals with disabilities, to be available for architects at the Public Organization for Educational Buildings, in order to ensure proper implementation

The current research aims at developing seismic fragility curves for reinforced concrete framed structures in Egypt.For that purpose, four and eight-story R.C. frames were designed according to Egyptian Code of Practice.The frames were located in three seismic zones, i.e.Alexandria, Safaga and Taba.Incremental dynamic analysis was performed under ten ground motions to determine the yielding and collapse capacity of each building.Five performance levels, namely, operational (OP), immediate occupancy (IO), damage control (DC), life safety (LS) and collapse prevention (CP) were considered and monitored in the analysis.Fragility curves were developed for the structural models of the studied frames considering the five selected performance levels.

This paper presents the load forecasting of a new city using the conventional techniques such as extrapolation of trend curves and modern techniques of load forecasting such as Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) technique.A comparison between different wind generator modes (WGMs) as related to the technical and economical sides is presented.The optimal WGM is chosen for designing the wind farm at the Borg El-Arab site which has a new city in Egypt.

The paper presents an application of Teaching Learning-Based Optimization (TLBO) algorithm to improve the performance of self-excited induction generators (SEIG).Two control methods of SEIG have been studied.The first method, the TLBO algorithm is applied to generate the optimal capacitance to maintain rated voltage with constant prime mover speed.The drawback of this method is the generator frequency decreases with load and to overcome this disadvantage, the other control method is proposed.In the proposed method, the TLBO is used to obtain optimal capacitance and prime mover speed to have rated load voltage and frequency.The Static VAR Compensator (SVC) of fixed capacitor and controlled reactor is used to control the reactive power.The parameters of SVC are obtained by using TLBO algorithm.The performance of the SEIG at different loads and prime mover speeds using TLBO algorithm is realized.A whole system of three phase induction generator and SVC is established under MatLab/Simulink environment.The performance of the SEIG is demonstrated on two different ratings (i.e. 10 hp and 2hp).An experimental setup is built-up using a 2 hp induction motor to confirm the theoretical analysis.Good agreement between results confirms and signifies the viability of the proposed TLBO-based methodology. ‫الع‬ ‫الولخص‬ ‫شبى‬‫ٔانرعهى‬ ‫انرعهيى‬ ‫خٕاسصييّ‬ ‫ذطثيق‬ ‫انثحث‬ ‫يقذو‬ ( ‫اساط‬ ‫عهى‬ ‫االيثم‬ TLBO ) ‫اداء‬ ‫نرحسيٍ‬ ‫انًٕنذ‬ ‫انحثى‬ ‫راذى‬ ‫ٔقذ‬ ‫انرغزيح.‬‫ان‬ ‫انحثى‬ ‫انًٕنذ‬ ‫اداء‬ ‫خٕاص‬ ‫فى‬ ‫نهرحكى‬ ‫طشيقريٍ‬ ‫دساسح‬ ‫ذًد‬ ً ‫عضٔل.‬‫تاسرخذاو‬ ‫انًثهى‬ ‫انًكثف‬ ‫قيى‬ ‫ذحذيذ‬ ‫فيٓا‬ ‫يرى‬ ‫االٔنى‬ ‫انطشيقح‬ ‫خٕاسصييّ‬ ( TLBO ) ‫خٓذ‬ ‫نرثثيد‬ ‫االحًال‬ ‫كم‬ ‫عُذ‬ ‫انًٕنذ‬ ‫عُذ‬ ‫انًٕنذ‬ ‫ذشدد‬ ‫ذغيش‬ ‫فى‬ ‫انطشيقّ‬ ‫ْزِ‬ ‫عية‬ ‫ٔيرًثم‬ ‫انًٕنذ.‬‫سشعّ‬ ‫ثثاخ‬ ‫تاسرخذاو‬ ‫انًٕنذ‬ ‫ٔسشعّ‬ ‫انًكثف‬ ‫يٍ‬ ‫نكال‬ ‫انًثهى‬ ‫انقيى‬ ‫ذعييٍ‬ ‫ذى‬ ‫حيث‬ ‫انثاَيّ‬ ‫انطشيقّ‬ ‫اقرشاح‬ ‫ذى‬ ‫انعية‬ ‫ْزا‬ ‫ٔنرالفى‬ ‫االحًال.‬‫ذغيش‬ ‫يع‬ ‫خٕاسصييّ‬ ( TLBO ) ‫عُذ‬ ‫انًٕنذ‬ ‫ٔذشدد‬ ‫خٓذ‬ ‫نرثثيد‬ ‫انساكُّ‬ ‫انفعانح‬ ‫انغيش‬ ‫انقذسج‬ ‫يعٕضاخ‬ ‫اسرخذاو‬ ‫ذى‬ ‫انثحث‬ ‫فى‬ ‫االحًال.

This paper presents a steady state one-dimensional two-fluid model for gas-solid two-phase flow in a vertical raiser. The model is solved using conservative variable approach for the gas phase and fourth order Runge-Kutta method is used for the solid phase. The model predictions for pressure drop are compared with available experimental data and with Eulerian-Lagrangian predictions and a good agreement is obtained. The results indicate that the pressure drop increases as the solid mass flow rate, particle size and particles density increase. In addition, the model predictions for minimum pressure drop velocity are compared with experimental data from literature and the mean percentage error, MPE for minimum pressure drop velocity is -9.89%. It is found that the minimum pressure drop velocity increases as the solid mass flow, particle size and particle density increase while it decreases as the system total pressure increases.

The paper presents comprehensive experimental and numerical studies on water flow through rectangular S-shaped diffusers.The experimental setup was designed and constructed to perform the measurements which have been carried out on twelve models of S-shaped diffusers.The measurements of pressure distributions along the outer and inner walls of the S-shaped diffuser were performed for different parameters including area ratios, curvature ratios, inflow Reynolds numbers, turning angles (45 • /45 • , 60 • /60 • , 90 • /90 • ), and flow paths (45 • /45 • , 60 • /30 • , 30 • /60 • ).The energy-loss coefficients for each model are