This study reviewed quantitative research on the health of sexual and gender minorities (SGMs) in Korea and aimed to propose a role for healthcare professionals in improving their health and access to medical care. We searched PubMed through February 29, 2024 for articles published since 2000, using terms related to SGMs and the keyword "Korea." This process yielded 33 quantitative studies on Korean SGMs. Of these, 17 focused on sexual minorities and 16 on gender minorities. The findings indicate that Korean SGMs experience many symptoms of depression and anxiety, as well as high rates of suicidal ideation, planning, and attempts. They also report diminished health-related quality of life. SGM individuals who have faced discrimination or pressure to change their sexual or gender identity face an elevated risk of mental health issues. To improve the health of Korean SGMs and improve their access to healthcare, we recommend several approaches. First, more research on the health of Korean SGMs is necessary. Second, education and training programs for health professionals are essential to promote their understanding of SGM health issues and their advocacy for SGM health. Third, strategies are required to develop and implement program interventions that improve SGM health, such as increasing the availability of gender-affirming care, which is known to benefit the health of transgender and gender-diverse individuals. Finally, healthcare professionals should actively advocate for SGM health and call for shifts in public perception and institutional change, grounded in a broad understanding of SGMs and their health needs.

This study aimed to quantify the relationship between proximal humeral rotation and the lateral border of the bicipital groove on fluoroscopic imaging. A composite normal humerus with a marker placed on the lateral border of the bicipital groove was affixed to a custom rotation device at the proximal cut segment. Consecutive fluoroscopic images were captured from -60° to 60° in 5° increments and from -15° to 15° in 1° increments. The index value was calculated by taking the ratio of the distance from the medial boundary of the proximal humerus to the lateral border of the bicipital groove to the distance between the medial and lateral boundaries of the proximal humerus. The correlation between the humeral rotation and the index value was determined. The index value showed a strong positive linear correlation position during internal rotation of the humerus across the entire range (r=0.998, P<0.001), as well as when the humerus was externally rotated, ranging from 15° of internal rotation to 15° of external rotation (r=0.991, P<0.001). The lateral border of the bicipital groove may serve as a useful intraoperative landmark for assessing proximal humeral rotation. This could potentially enhance the outcomes of humeral fracture repair and upper arm arthroplasty.

의학 연구의 대부분은 관찰 연구이다. 관찰 연구의 보고는 종종 불충분한 품질을 보이기도 한다. 부실한 보고는 연구의 강점과 약점을 평가하고 연구 결과의 일반화 가능성을 평가하는 데 방해가 된다. 방법론 전문가, 연구자, 편집자 그룹은 경험적 근거와 이론적 고려 사항을 고려하여 관찰 연구 보고의 질을 개선하기 위한 역학 STROBE 권고안을 개발했다. STROBE statement은 논문의 제목, 초록, 서론, 방법, 결과 및 토론 부분에 대한 22개 항목의 체크리스트로 구성되어 있다. 18개 항목은 코호트연구, 환자 대조군 연구, 단면연구에 공통으로 적용되며, 4개 항목은 세 가지 연구설계 각각에 따라 다르다. STROBE statement는 저자에게 관찰 연구에 대한 보고를 개선하는 방법에 대한 지침을 제공하고 심사자, 편집자 및 독자가 연구를 비판적으로 평가하고 해석하는 데 도움이 된다. 이 설명 문서는 STROBE statement의 사용, 이해 및 보급을 향상 시키는 것이 목적이다. 각 체크리스트 항목의 의미와 근거가 제시되어 있다. 각 항목에 대해 하나 또는 여러 개의 출판된 예시 논문과 가능한 경우 관련 경험적 연구 및 방법론 문헌에 대한 내용이 참고사항으로 제공된다. 유용한 흐름도의 예도 포함되어 있다. 본 문서 및 관련 웹사이트(http://www.strobe-statement.org/)는 관찰 연구 보고를 개선하는 데 유용한 자료가 될 것이다.

A Bankart lesion is a tear of the labrum, the ring of cartilage that encircles the shoulder joint socket, that can occur when the shoulder is dislocated. This injury frequently affects young athletes and is associated with shoulder instability. This review was performed to provide an overview of anterior shoulder instability, with an emphasis on rehabilitation and the return to sports following arthroscopic Bankart repair. We searched the Google Scholar and PubMed academic databases through February 18th, 2024, utilizing keywords including "arthroscopic Bankart repair" and "return to sports". Our findings indicate that athletes who undergo arthroscopic Bankart repair exhibit higher rates of returning to sports compared to those who receive other anterior shoulder stabilization procedures. Several factors are considered when determining readiness to return to athletics, including time elapsed since surgery, type of sport, strength, range of motion, pain, and proprioception. Surgeons typically advise athletes to wait approximately 6 months after surgery before resuming sports activities. They also recommend that athletes regain at least 80% of the strength of the uninjured shoulder or achieve strength levels comparable to those prior to the injury. Additionally, patients are expected to attain a full range of motion without pain, which should be symmetrical to the uninjured side, and demonstrate improved proprioception in the shoulder. The sport in which an athlete participates can also influence the timeline for return. Those involved in overhead sports, like baseball or tennis, often experience lower success rates in returning to their sport compared to athletes from other disciplines.

Nontuberculous mycobacterial infections, which are often acquired from environmental sources such as water and soil, exhibit a variety of cutaneous manifestations that frequently lead to misdiagnoses and delays in treatment. A 77-year-old woman presented with multiple skin lesions in a sporotricoid distribution on her right leg, which persisted despite standard antibiotic treatments. Based on the skin biopsy, revealing granulomatous inflammation with acid-fast bacilli, and PCR testing, a nontuberculous mycobacterial infection was diagnosed. Antimycobacterial drug combinations, including clarithromycin, isoniazid, and rifampicin for 4 months, complete the skin lesion's clearance. This case underscores the need for heightened suspicion and the use of appropriate diagnostic techniques, including tissue biopsies and molecular methods such as PCR.

Anastomotic leakage (AL) after colorectal surgery is a significant concern, as it can lead to adverse functional and oncologic outcomes. Numerous studies have been conducted with the aim of identifying risk factors for AL and developing strategies to prevent its occurrence, thereby reducing the severe morbidity associated with AL. The intraoperative method for reducing AL includes a mechanical assessment of AL, an assessment of bowel perfusion, drain placement, and the creation of diverting stomas. The anastomosis technique is also associated with AL, and the appropriate selection and accurate application of anastomotic methods are crucial for preventing AL. Indocyanine green fluorescence imaging has recently gained popularity as a method for assessing bowel perfusion. While it is useful for detecting bowel perfusion, standardized protocols and measurement methods need to be established to ensure its reliability and effectiveness in clinical practice. The use of intraoperative drains to reduce AL has produced inconsistent results, and the routine adoption of this practice is not currently recommended. Diverting stomas can be used to help reduce the morbidity associated with AL. However, it is important to carefully consider the complications that can arise directly from the stoma itself. It should be noted that while a stoma can reduce AL, it cannot completely prevent it. This descriptive review examines various intraoperative methods aimed at reducing AL, discussing their effectiveness in reducing AL.