The evolution of socio-economic relations, studied in the dynamics of the development of such a phenomenon as structural changes in industry caused by the diffusion of knowledge-intensive technologies of a convergent type, is most consistently revealed within the framework of the mesoeconomic production system of the country level, through appropriate modeling of characteristic objects and processes. The mesoeconomic modeling of the industrial sector of the American economy, which entered a qualitatively new period of reindustrial development a decade ago, seems relevant. The aim of this study is to use elements and modeling systems that meet the requirements of sectoral and regional mesoeconomics to assess the structural shifts that took place in the US industry in the period 2011–2020 under the influence of convergent technologies. To solve this problem, the DEA-method is used, developed and tested by the American scientists and is aimed at calculating the convergent resonance index and the indicator of the comparative efficiency of the objects under study. Based on the results of constructing models of the technological efficiency of the US industry in space-time, oriented to the input and output parameters, an assessment of the structural shifts of the American industry, both sectoral and spatial-regional components of the US mesoeconomic system, is presented. The conclusion is made about the generally successful structural modernization of American industry in the inter-crisis period, characterized as the initial stage of the reindustrial development of the United States on the basis of convergent technologies of the sixth technological order. The problems of the initial stage of American reindustrialization associated with a small increase in industrial production within the framework of the national knowledge economy and the strengthening of structural imbalances in its spatial development are identified. At the same time, a high level of efficiency of modernization of the main industries of the United States in the considered period of time was noted, associated with the active diffusion of convergent technologies.

One of the directions that can expand the instrumental base for modeling the economy is complex-valued economics – ​a section of economic and mathematical modeling devoted to the use of models and methods of the theory of the function of a complex variable in economics. The article discusses the possibility of short-term economic forecasting using autoregressive models of complex variables. A classification of possible modifications of complex-valued autoregressive models is given, and the main properties of each of the classes of these models are shown. One of the varieties of these complex-valued models uses current and past errors of approximation, which means that it can be compared with the widely used model of autoregressive real variables ARIMA(p, d, q). The article makes such a comparison, both on a theoretical level and on a practical example.

The article discusses the ambiguous results of the reform of the Russian electric power industry. Some of the intended goals of the reform have been achieved, while others have not yet been achieved, and the reform should be continued. Although more than 13 years have passed since the final stage of the reform, there is no agreement in the literature on many key issues characterizing the reform: an explanation of the reasons and factors that influenced the decision to reform the Russian electric power industry, the goals of the reform, the type of the reform model, the validity of its adaptation to the real Russian conditions and institutions that had developed by the beginning of the reform, the results of the reform and their value for society. It was found that contradictory results of the reform are caused by both objective and subjective factors. Along with obvious successes (e.g., denationalization of the industry) and obvious failures (including failure to create retail electricity markets) many results (elimination of vertical integration, level of competition on wholesale electricity markets, etc.) are not observable and have not received a clear and unambiguous assessment of their usefulness to society. Studies using modern economic theory and economic-mathematical modeling were required. No statistically significant economies of scale in electricity generation have been found in large companies generating electricity. Thus, the use of competition as a mechanism to coordinate the interests of society, producers and consumers of electricity and the creation of a wholesale electricity market is scientifically justified. Unification of small producers for their withdrawal to the wholesale electricity market should be accompanied by an economic analysis of the cost function of the united company. It is shown that in the short term the wholesale electricity market created in the first and second price zones is close to competitive, but in the long term there is a threat: this market may become uncompetitive.

Post-institutionalism is a promising direction in the study of institutions, developing the methodological ideas of critical institutionalism to build an extended institutional approach (in G. Hodgson's terminology). The mission of post-institutionalism is the development of interdisciplinary, complexity-centered methodologies for the analysis of institutions, allowing the development of institutional research beyond the framework of both new and original institutional theories. The article briefly outlines the logic of the creation and origins of the post-institutional theory, provides its methodological features, philosophical foundations, and guidelines for the research program. Post-institutionalists proceed from the fact that the methodological tools of both the new institutional economics and the traditional (“old”) institutionalism are inadequate to the tasks of understanding and explaining the qualitatively complicated institutions of late capitalism. Such institutions are internally heterogeneous, highly fluid, combine different coordinating principles (logics), their functions and boundaries are difficult to identify. The focus of special attention in post-institutional economics is assemblages – ​institutional systems that combine heterogeneous institutions with irreducible logics. Institutional assemblages are highly adaptive but also functionally redundant and conflict-prone. Bricolage is considered as the main type of institutional change in post-institutionalism, which is understood as the recombinant creation of institutions by a multitude of actors from the elements available in the access to solve current institutional problems. Institutional change agents are not only institutional entrepreneurs, but also institutional “workers”, i. e. ordinary actors in their daily routine. The main function of institutions from the point of view of post-institutionalism is not the minimization of transaction costs, but the creation of transaction value.

The possibilities of minimizing the negative impact on food security of the likely changes in the external conditions of agricultural production, which are not eliminated by the efforts of enterprises, are discussed. Attention is drawn to the increasing decline in agriculturally suitable land, especially land with high rental potential – ​near cities and accessible transport routes. Negative for food security may be in foreign trade geopolitical changes, unfavorable for the economy as a whole, and for the consumer market. Known climatic anomalies, the danger of pandemics and epidemics are among the most adverse factors. As an effective direction of agricultural policy, the state considers possible options to help enterprises to acquire and develop high-performance new technologies in crop and livestock production, financing the expansion of sought-after agricultural land. These measures are considered in addition to the current practice of supporting low-profit farms.

The article examines the objectively existing in modern conditions of economic agents' activity the need to introduce and apply approaches based on the use of quality management methods in internal corporate management. The authors noted that one of the global trends of the XXI century. Is the structural transformation of the world economy associated with the active development and implementation of information and telecommunication (digital) technologies in the real economic processes of both society and business. The authors assess the approach widespread in Russia based on quality management methods in the formation of control systems for the activities of economic agents of the national economy in the context of digital transformation in order to ensure their sustainable development; the analysis of the formation of promising directions for the development of communities, declared by UNESCO, in conditions of instability, complexity and uncertainty was carried out; the toolkit for digitalization of quality management of the education system is considered, in particular, the use of project-based learning to improve the quality of knowledge obtained and assess the impact on the sustainable development of universities, the education sector in general and economic agents of the national economy, taking into account digitalization and global risks. The authors see further areas of research in modeling risks and assessing their impact on ensuring sustainable development of economic agents, socio-economic processes of the national economy and society as a whole by quality management methods in the context of digitalization of the economy.

The desire to avoid the consequences of extreme social and economic situations under capitalism and globalization, including financial relations, encourages the state authorities to use various measures of protection from threats. This has been reflected in the creation of many relevant doctrinal and conceptual documents. The public demand has stimulated the development of risk management theory and security studies. The real science and practice of management to achieve goals in this environment is pragmatically replaced by regulation to prevent border-critical situations. However, no system of scientific knowledge has been obtained in applied scientific research on the security of socio-economic systems, explaining some set of special phenomena and reducing the open natural connections in the field of security, if there were any, to a single unifying principle. The search for such a beginning leads to the task of management. It was not possible to find objective grounds for determination of safety space boundaries (threshold values) of social and economic systems. Applied research methods are not specific to security and risk management issues and are used in management theory. Either maintenance of safety appears a private subtask in a context of the decision of a boundary problem of management of development of system, or at expanded interpretation of safety within the limits of the vital approach, as a desirable condition, actually merges with management problem for achieving the target condition. Artificial separation of the security task from the management task generates an imaginary contradiction between security and development, in the practical aspect leads to substitution of strategic management by security, creation of parallel institutions, and dispersion of resources. It is advisable in the scientific and practical spheres of management of socio-economic systems to concentrate efforts on solving the problems of strategic management of the system development in order to achieve a favorable (desired) future. Security and risk management tasks should be considered as local subtasks of ensuring the integrity of the system under specific impacts.

Risk build-up method is the most used for calculating the capitalization rates. With the help of the literature analysis, the origin of this method is considered. The method was based on the relationship between risk and profitability of a stock in exchange trading, proven statistically. Later, when formulating the build-up method, this idea was transferred without any justification to the valuation of enterprises that do not list their securities on stock exchange. In other words, the formulas traditionally used in the application of the build-up method are empirical in nature and not precise.It is more accurate to write them down by analogy with Irwin Fisher's equation of returns. Based on the principle of dependence, one of the main ones for the valuation procedure, the essence of which is that the value of the valuation subject depends on its economic location, a set of four independent risks is given for use in the build-up method in general case: risk-free rate, country risk premium, branch risk premium, and subject risk adjustment. It is noted that the numerical value of these parameters used in the method fundamentally depends on the monetary unit used in the calculation (the valuation currency). Recommendations are given on finding a risk-free rate for various currencies, on calculating country risk premium, branch risk premium, and subject risk adjustment. The article is intended for academics, lecturers, and practitioners in such areas as corporate finance, business microeconomics, valuation, and investment analysis.

The main problems of sustainable development of business ecosystems are considered. It is proved that promising business ecosystems need to master and use modern, including digital, technologies in managing the level of risk. The purpose of this study is to expand the types of tools that can be used to manage the risk level of failure to achieve sustainable development of business ecosystems. To study the problems of risk management and identify the characteristics of the risk phenomenon in the activities of business ecosystems, the methodology and applied tools of the system economic theory and the operational theory of risk management are used. It is shown that the management of risk of harm to the environment, in the social sphere, and development of anti-risk impacts, reducing the level of risk of not achieving the necessary quality of management, improve the investment attractiveness of economic agents, members of the business ecosystem. The realization research may be of interest to enterprises and organizations that are developing their own strategies for sustainable development within the framework of emerging business ecosystems, or developing their own strategy for choosing and joining some hypothetical business ecosystem.