• Builds on the SEEA EA extended supply and use tables. • Uses real data to populate physical and monetary accounts for the Murray-Darling Basin, Australia. • Separates the use of ecosystem services from the benefits for both industry and households. • Quantifies the contribution of the environment to economic and well-being benefits. • Improves decision making through adequately recognising the economy’s fundamental reliance on the environment. We implement natural capital accounts for ecosystem services (ES) using the System of Environmental-Economic Accounting – Ecosystem Accounting (SEEA EA) framework and a case study from the Murray-Darling Basin, Australia. Extended ES supply-use tables are presented that allow for the simultaneous reporting on multiple intermediate and final ES alongside data already available in traditional national economic accounts. We cover the ES of crop provisioning, grazed biomass provisioning, water supply, soil erosion control, recreational fishing, and carbon sequestration and storage. This study shows that extended ES supply-use tables using physical and monetary measures can provide feasible, although not necessarily complete, links between information recorded in the SEEA EA and traditional national economic accounts. It provides an integration of intermediate ES, final ES and produced goods and services in a single table and helps to distinguish benefits from the inputs that create these benefits. Going forward, more integrated recording of the economy and ecosystems’ contributions to wellbeing is needed to better understand the benefits derived from nature.

• Locations are indicated where the need to maintain and create new urban greenery is most urgent. • There is a need for ES analysis in bundles; separate analyzes for different ES give different results. • Biophysical and social demand is much more spatially diverse between ES than their supply potential. • The final ES budget shows a correlation between need to create and maintain roadside greenery and population. This study aims to assess the spatial distribution of various types of urban greenery on the example of Poznań city (Poland), considering their potential to supply ecosystem services (ESs) and the demand for these services. Three ESs were assessed: noise attenuation, pollutant filtration, and temperature lowering. By determining both individual services and a bundle of them and considering biophysical and social demand, this study facilitates the integration of ESs in landscape planning and management. This study calculates a budget—the ratio of the supply potential and demand—to identify areas with the greatest need for ESs and gives clear advice to decision-makers. As expected, the results show that the analysis of individual ES generates different results, which suggests that they should be analysed in bundles. Although significant overlap was found between the potential to supply different services, the biophysical and social demands were much more diverse. The final budget showed a correlation between the need to create urban greenery and population and location relative to the city centre. The highest relationship was observed for noise attenuation, while the smallest was in the case of pollutant filtration. Although many studies show the effectiveness of urban greenery in increasing the level of ES and avoiding environmental problems in cities, only a few studies show how to select locations for activities, considering the present state as well as human and ecological needs. The clue of the presented approach is the mapping of structure–process relationships, which may easily translate into planning practice.

• Ecological processes cannot be separated from human inputs in agricultural ecosystems. • Human well-being should be considered the most relevant aspect of sustainability. • LCA indicators can also be suitable indicators of agroecosystem disservices. • Social demand for market values exceeds non-market in Mediterranean agroecosystems. • Best management practices can have higher economic value than conventional management. There is a pressing need to deal with the sustainability of agricultural management practices to adapt and mitigate the impacts of climate change on agriculture, while ensuring the food provision. Sustainable intensification emerges as a feasible alternative while the sustainability assessment of agriculture is still unclear in the scientific literature. The most widely comprehensive assessment tools are the Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) and the Ecosystem Services (ES) approaches, being them frequently employed isolated. Despite there are several proposals to integrate both approaches, none of them are focus on economic valuation for policy analysis. This study proposes a methodology for the sustainability assessment of agricultural practices that considers the relationship between society and ecosystems, integrating both LCA, ES approaches within the Drivers-Pressures-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR) causal framework. ES is considered as the driving approach based on human well-being as the ultimate objective of sustainability. Thereby monetary valuation would quantify the net contribution of agricultural practices to human well-being. The proposed methodology is employed for the sustainability assessment of a set of Best Management Practices (BMPs) for sustainable intensification in intensively irrigated agriculture, with the lemon crop in the Campo de Cartagena (Region de Murcia, Spain) serving as an illustrative example, constituting a useful guide for application in other contexts. The obtained results underscore the need to integrate both positive and negative impacts of agriculture on human well-being through monetary valuation and highlight the dominance of market values over non-market values in highly intensive agroecosystems. The regulated deficit irrigation and incorporation crop residues to the soil practices emerge as the BMPs with the highest total economic value, surpassing the conventional management due to the relevance of its contributions to human well-being.

• In parts of Africa, honey-hunters and honeyguide birds cooperate to find wild honey, benefiting both. • We quantify what honeyguides contribute to honey-hunters in the Reserva Especial do Niassa in northern Moçambique. • Honey-hunters sell an average of 37L of honey annually, and 75% of wild honey is harvested with the help honeyguides. • The total economic value of honeyguides to the local economy was ~$40,700 in 2023. • Protecting miombo woodlands is essential to preserve this unique human-bird partnership and its cultural and social value. People in many rural societies rely on wild birds for their livelihoods, often without benefiting the birds. A notable exception is the mutually beneficial relationship between humans and the greater honeyguide ( Indicator indicator ), a wax-eating bird that guides people to bees’ nests. Humans gain honey for food and income, while the birds feed on beeswax. Here, we estimated the economic value of honeyguides to honey-hunters in Moçambique’s Reserva Especial do Niassa (REN), where these birds regularly help locate wild honey. From interviews and community-collected data we estimated that, on average, honey-hunters sold 37 L[CI: 30, 44] of honey annually, earning $63[CI: 50, 76], and that three-quarters of the honey volume harvested was found with honeyguides. From these estimates we determined that an average Niassa honey-hunter earned $48 in 2018 (or $80 when applying 2023 prices) from selling 28 L of honey collected with honeyguides. With REN’s high poverty levels and low employment rates, these earnings are likely vital to household subsistence. Surveys by community wildlife guardians estimated ∼ 500 honey-hunters selling honey in REN, generating a total of $23,900 in 2018, or $40,700 when applying 2023 prices, from honey collected with honeyguides. Honey-hunting with honeyguides is a unique and dwindling cultural tradition that continues to thrive in REN, offering significant economic, livelihood and cultural benefits to rural communities living in miombo woodlands. Safeguarding these habitats and ensuring human access to them is imperative not only for their material benefits, but also to preserve this shared human heritage of partnership with wildlife. Please see AfricanHoneyguides.com/abstract-translations for a Portuguese translation of the abstract.