ABSTRACTThis paper proposed a precise and low power analog spiking neural network (SNN). It decreases the membrane current error and improves linearity of SNN with the proposed pre‐charged current‐mode synapses. Also, it reduces the neuron power consumption by replacing a static amplifier with an event‐driven coarse‐fine comparator. The proposed analogue SNN chip was fabricated using a 65 nm process. Its area is 2.4 × 2.77 mm2 with 1024 × 256 synapses. The membrane capacitor is 4 pF. The pre‐charged synapse reduces the membrane current error by 15.38%. The event‐driven coarse‐fine comparator saves 49% neuron power.

ABSTRACTThis letter investigates the beamforming design for an emerging integrated sensing, communication, and powering (ISACP) system, where a multi‐functional transmitter handles sensing, data communication, and power transfer tasks. Our goal is to minimize the sensing matching error, subject to communication, energy harvesting, and transmit power constraints, by jointly optimizing transmit beamforming vectors, radar covariance, and receive power splitting ratios. Although the original problem is non‐convex, we utilize the semi‐definite relaxation approach to achieve a globally optimal solution. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed schemes.

Abstract Virtual synchronous generator (VSG) has been widely researched and applied to converters for their grid‐forming capabilities. However, the intrinsic coupling between the active and reactive power outputs of VSGs negatively impacts the power quality delivered to the grid, particularly in microgrids. When VSG is compensating for the reactive power imbalances, the active power output will concurrently change, leading to a variation of frequency. Although existing literature proposes various improvements to decouple these power outputs, complete decoupling cannot be achieved solely by VSGs. This letter analyses the coupling mechanism and investigates a hybrid approach combining a VSG and a synchronous condenser (SC) to mitigate this effect, improving the power quality. Additionally, this study modifies the traditional reactive power control of VSGs to ensure voltage stability during transients. Test cases are carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The results show that the system active and reactive power are effectively decoupled, and it maintains the frequency while regulating the grid voltage.

Abstract With the growing use of custom shielded cables in advanced electronic systems, evaluation of the transfer impedance of shielded cables with non‐standard characteristic impedances is increasingly necessary; however, traditional measurement methods here are limited by the difficulty of obtaining matched loads. This letter presents a method for characterizing the transfer impedance of electrically short shielded cables with an arbitrary characteristic impedance. The proposed method can be used with mismatched loads in the experimental configuration. Validation is performed with cables of known transfer impedance. The presented results closely align with the theoretical formulas.

ABSTRACTIn recent years, there has been a global surge in research, development, and deployment of satellite internet, leading to the rapid advancement of low‐Earth orbit satellite communication constellations. To meet the growing demands of satellite communications, these constellations have incorporated inter‐satellite laser links to enhance communication capacity. This paper explores the single‐wavelength all‐optical satellite network architecture, with a particular focus on addressing congestion issues in these networks. Accordingly, it proposes path planning algorithms and strategies to effectively mitigate these challenges.

ABSTRACTThe design of compact GNSS antenna arrays requires rapid evaluation of mutual coupling effects, which conventional full‐wave simulations fail to deliver due to excessive computational costs. This letter proposes a graph transformer model that predicts coupling matrices in real time. By hybridizing the local perception of graph isomorphism network (GIN) and the global attention of transformer architectures, the method achieves physics‐aware predictions with an average error of 2.81 dB, lower than conventional neural networks. And experimental results on a 16‐element patch array show that the proposed model achieves inference in under 100 ms, compared to 60 min for CST simulations, enabling rapid exploration of next‐generation GNSS receivers demanding miniaturization design.

ABSTRACTA general challenge in drone localisation and navigation is the strong dependence on satellite positioning. Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) offer a promising technology for global navigation satellite system (GNSS)‐free drone localisation and for the alleviation of the jammer effect by nulling the jamming signal. In this letter, we investigate how to optimise the nullification of the jammer while maximising the desired signal in a double RIS‐aided GNSS‐free drone localisation setup. The main objectives of the presented procedure are the maximisation of the desired signal received by the drone, minimisation of the jamming signal effect, accurate estimation of the angle of departure (AOD) from RIS to drone, and drone positioning in 3D. To address this challenge, we propose an alternating projection algorithm to perform jamming nullification by optimising the phase shift at each RIS element. Simulations show that by proper RIS element phase optimisation, the effect of the jammer is efficiently reduced, the AODs from RIS surfaces to drone are computed more accurately, and the drone 3D localisation accuracy is improved.

Abstract Spectre class of transient execution security attacks on modern microprocessors rely on speculative execution. Software Controlled Speculation (SCS) was proposed as a microarchitecture‐level defense in the original Spectre paper and has also been adopted by ARM. The idea with SCS is to allow a mode in the microarchitecture, where instructions that read from memory are not allowed to execute speculatively. Errors or malicious fault‐injections in the implementation of SCS can still render the microarchitecture vulnerable to Spectre attacks. A formal verification method is proposed that can check the correctness of the implementation of SCS and detect any faults. The method has been demonstrated to be very efficient on two sets of benchmarks and provides accurate detection of implementation faults in SCS.

Abstract The direction‐of‐arrival (DoA) estimation methods based on coprime array (CA) largely rely on having a sufficient number of snapshots. However, under single‐snapshot conditions typical of vehicle‐mounted imaging radar, CA‐based DoA estimation often suffers from ambiguity leakage, resulting in significant degradation in performance. This paper thoroughly analyses the mechanism of ambiguity leakage in CA by re‐deriving the covariance matrix model under single‐snapshot conditions. To suppress the ambiguity leakage, a triple extended coprime array composed of three pairwise coprime sub‐arrays enhanced coprime constraint is designed. Building on this design, a DoA estimation algorithm based on an iterative adaptive approach is proposed. By leveraging the power spectrum distribution from iterative adaptive approach, a reduced‐noise signal is constructed by retaining only the high‐energy components. Next, the noise subspace using a multi‐stage Wiener filter, and finally, achieve super‐resolution DoA estimation through multiple signal classification spectrum analysis.

Abstract A novel method for blind reconstruction of binary Bose–Chaudhuri–Hocquenghem codes is proposed. Compared to previously reported works, a new approach to find the goal generator polynomial is employed. First, using the feature that each codeword polynomial of a t‐error‐correcting Bose–Chaudhuri–Hocquenghem code has the same 2t consecutive roots over Galois field, a new set of candidate generator polynomials is introduced. Then, this set in a random situation to find the correct generator polynomial is investigated. Monte Carlo simulations demonstrate the superiority of the proposed reconstruction algorithm compared to the previous methods.