Ailanthus altissima and Spruce orientalis chips were delignified by using glycerol as a solvent and alkaline-gliycerol with and without catalyst at different temperatures (438, 458, 478, and 498 K) in atmospheric pressure, and results were compared with the other organic solvent systems.

This article completes the study of the regenerable desulphurization methods of the flue gases in the IGCC plants, reviewing the dry processes. These are the most energy efficient in order to recover the SO 2 obtained in the regeneration of the mixed oxide sorbents. Therefore, the energy savings are as high as possible. Five processes were analyzed: spray-drying, activated carbon, catalytic oxidation, metallic oxides and DSRP method. The catalytic oxidation of SO 2 seems to be the most attractive option because of its process economy, technical simplicity and negligible environmental impact.

Point of Ayr coal has been extracted using three solvents: tetralin, quinoline and 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP); at two temperatures: 350°C and 450°C, corresponding approximately to before and after the onset of massive covalent bond scission by pyrolysis. These solvents differ in solvent power and the ability to donate hydrogen atoms to stabilize free radicals produced by pyrolysis of the coal. Analysis of the fresh solvents and recovered solvents from coal liquefaction was achieved by size exclusion chromatography and UV-fluorescence spectroscopy. In the blank run, it was testified that the filling material sand and the steel powder did not react with solvent with increasing reaction temperature. The role of hydrogen donation in the tetralin extracts was to increase the proportion of large molecules with increasing extraction temperature. Quinoline and NMP both have the powerful extracting capability to get more materials out of coal with increasing extraction temperature.

The formation of NO x precursors (mainly HCN and NH 3 ) from the pyrolysis of Pingshuo coal with or without minerals was studied in a quartz fixed bed reactor. The coal sample in the reactor was heated in two kinds of fashion: at a slow heating rate by temperature-programmed and at a fast heating rate than constant temperature. The experimental results revealed that demineralization by acid washing drastically decreases nitrogen conversion to NH 3 at a fast heating rate and at a slow heating rate, but for HCN, its formation is different at fast heating and slow heating rates. The yield of HCN from demineralized coal is slightly lower than that from raw coal at a fast heating rate and it is the reverse at a slow heating rate. On the other hand, the pyrolysis experiments data of demineralized coal and raw coal added with ash from Pingshuo coal combustion also indicated that minerals in coal play an important role in gaseous-N formation, but the reaction mechanism is different for raw coal and demineralized coal.