The presented volume of the journal Engineering Innovations includes articles on research results and engineering solutions in the strength of materials, including analysis of crack initiation and propagation in an aluminium alloy in a corrosive environment, investigation of fatigue life of recycled asphalt pavements, etc. and some new developments in architecture and solutions in construction management. These articles are aimed at specialists in materials science, machinery, architecture, and construction and are sure to be of interest to them.

The front opening unified pod (FOUP) is a packing box for contamination control for semiconductor wafer transport. As the wafer fabrication process developes towards nanoor atom level, the semiconductor wafer storage device should advance from the particle prevention function into the airborne molecular contamination (AMC) removal function. Therefore, it is necessary to design/redesign a function for removing AMC or moisture inside the FOUP. This study used the design of leading diffuser tubes in the FOUP and pores in the surfaces of diffuser tubes to generate gas diffusion. This is to achieve a uniform distribution of the wafer surface velocity field and a uniform dehumidification function of the wafer surface. Based on the analysis results, when circular diffuser tubes are introduced in the FOUP and the intake air flow was set at 0.2-0.3 m3/hr, the interlayer wafer surface in the FOUP could achieve uniform distribution of velocity field. As a result, the humidity difference among various zones of wafer surface could be reduced, and the yield and quality of the wafer cutting process could be controlled.

Based 3D printing has become very popular in recent years due to the emergence of projects for low-cost machines, making the technology very accessible. In view of this, some polymers, in general, in thermoplastic filaments, are placed on the market for application in this type of printing technique, making it increasingly necessary to develop research for the characterization of materials to provide information on physical, thermal and mechanical properties. For the development of this work, the polymer poly(ethylene glycol terephthalate) (PETG) was used for a comparative study in relation to poly(lactic acid) (PLA). PETG is obtained by adding modified glycol to the material composition during the polymerization process. It consists of a polymer with a glass transition temperature close to 80°C, with mechanical properties similar to those of PET, with the advantages of notable tenacity, flexibility, and high processing capacity, and PLA is a polymer synthesized from corn sugar, potatoes, and sugar cane, through bioconversion and polymerization. PLA presents biocompatibility, biodegradability, and biological absorption, presenting good mechanical properties, processability, thermal stability and low environmental impact. Mechanical tests of compressive strength and flexural strength were carried out. In the compressive strength test, the specimen with 100% filling presented a deformation 76% greater than the specimen with 50% filling. This can be attributed to the mechanical property of the PETG polymer, as it is very ductile, thus facilitating the processability of this artifact. The mechanical flexural strength tests carried out with the PLA polymer with the highest filling percentages (100% and 50%) showed less deformation until failure, characterizing them as more ductile materials. On the other hand, specimens with 30% filling showed ~215% greater deformation than specimens with 100% filling. With this, it can be seen that PLA has greater flexibility and tenacity for fillings of low percentages, due to the internal spacing absorbing the impact of loads. The PLA polymer showed better mechanical properties, such as Young's modulus, ductility and more satisfactory resistance when compared to the PETG polymer. As well as the synthesis of PLA, it characterizes the process in a more sustainable way, as it is a biopolymer, in addition to its excellent processability.

The article analyzes the state of the global problem of the fuel and energy crisis and environmental pollution by the combustion products of hydrocarbon fuels of industrial and transport power plants. To ensure the energy security of the state, the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine developed and adopted the «Energy Strategy of Energy Saving of Ukraine for the period until 2030», which was updated in 2008, to protect the country from energy risks. In addition, the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine approved the «Concept of a targeted scientific and technical program for the development of the production and use of biological fuels». To increase the efficiency of using alternative motor fuels, as one of the aspects of solving the problem, an original method and results of calculating the thermophysical properties of a wide class of such motor fuels (hydrogen, natural gas, biogas, mine gas, coke, blast furnace and synthesis gas, etc.) are proposed. A description of the developed mathematical model for determining parameters of phase equilibria and thermophysical properties of dense molecular systems (dense gases and liquids) is given. Calculation procedures are based on the thermodynamic theory of disturbances without the involvement of empirical parameters. Features of the proposed method are: limitation of initial information, high accuracy, the possibility of application in any practically important ranges of states. Calculation errors are at the level of traditional experimental errors.

Dijkstra algorithms are typically used to find the shortest path from a source node to a destination node. It is widely used in various applications due to its reliability and less complexity. This paper presents the extended Dijkstra Algorithm with lower latency and consumes less computing memory intended for implementation in many AGVs networks for effective decentralized task distribution path planning. This paper proposed linear regression normalization across the node network in Dijkstra architecture to reduce computing time and memory consumption. The issue addressed through this optimization focused on reducing the possibilities of collision between AGVs and deadlock. The extended Dijkstra algorithm significantly reduces computing time compared to the traditional Dijkstra algorithm. In addition, the proposed solutions suggest better AGV routing for collision avoidance and deadlock prevention possibilities.

A Blowout Preventer (BOP) serves as a safety valve in the drilling process in the oil and gas industry. It will be closed if an influx of formation fluids occurs and threatens the rig. A Ram BOP is one type of widely used BOP. It is composed of two ram blades, which will move toward each other to shear the drilling pipe and to close the valve. To ensure the shearing process is completed on the rig, lab tests are often run to evaluate the BOP’s capability and the required shearing pressure. Over the last decade, Finite element analysis (FEA) based simulation method has been set up to predict the shearing process. The simulation method still requires pipe damage parameters and requires lab test. This paper presents a test-free simulation method enabled by analyzing the ram BOP pipe shearing data, which significantly reduces the lead time and test costs.

This paper presents the results of research and test of the self-designed and manufactured rotary friction welding machine. Tensile test results show that the tensile strength of the material after welding is satisfactory according to the standards of the material; the elongation is within the elongation limit of the welding specimen; the yield limit is greater than the minimum yield limit of the material. The parameters of the welding equipment are guaranteed according to the design requirements.

The performance of the SiO2 MOSFET-based absorber as a solution to arching within transmission lines (used for RF signal transportation) has been realized and analyzed at 28 GHz using the reflected signal from the RX branch of 5G massive MIMO base station. The reflected signal from the receiver (RX) branch of base stations may lead to interference, thus creating a performance reducing condition (arching) within the transmission lines. For optimum performance in the 5G regime, the SiO2 MOSFET has been used to solve the problem of arching within the transmission line under large field intensities of a standing wave resulting from the impedance. The SiO2 MOSFET-based absorber has been observed for a reflectivity of -79.5 dB and a rectification efficiency greater than 17 %

The 3rd volume of "Engineering Innovations" includes articles reflecting the research results and describing technical solutions in the fields of mechanical engineering and technology development. Numerical analysis of slip flow and heat transfer with ohmic heating between rotating and stationary discs, pretreatment process on brine after reverse osmosis desalination as electrodialysis feed, and results of design and testing of rotary friction welding machine are presented in this volume. Readers will also be interested in investigations of usage features of glass fiber reinforced plastic in the shipbuilding and parametric analysis of MOSFET-based absorber for 5G base station. The presented articles will be appreciated by many engineers, technologists, academics, and students.

A pin-connected joint, which was intended to accommodate a certain in-plane rotation and resist the shear forces, was introduced in this paper. Pinned-connections were applied on Truss-Column joints to support the heavy-loaded floors and roofs in a long-span steel structure. The Pinned-connection was designed in accordance with European code, and compared with other standards such as America standard and Australia standard. To better understand the behavior of materials and structure of this pin-connection structural system, four specimens, including two full-scale pin-connections and two truss connections, were tested to investigate the performance under both monotonic and cyclic loads. The load–displacement curves, hysteretic curve and ultimate loads were obtained, and the failure mode, capacity and ductility were discussed. The experimental and numerical results indicated that the pin-connection behaved good ductility, load transfer ability and capacity.