Predator-prey relationships are critical for establishing trophic networks, but our understanding of these interactions is hindered by a lack of records in tropical rainforest ecosystems. Although literature indicates that dung beetles may be preyed by a wide range of animal species, surprisingly, there are no such antagonistic records between dung beetles and other species in the Amazon forest. The objective of this study is to present two records of such interactions in the Amazon, involving a bird and a spider species preying on dung beetles. The bird Galbula albirostris Latham, 1790 (Aves: Galbulidae) was observed feeding on a Deltochilini dung beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in a terra firme forest, while a Canthidum sp. was captured in a Trichonephila sp. (Araneae: Nephilidae) spider web on an artificial island also located in a terra firme forest. While birds are the most commonly recorded predators of dung beetles in the literature, there are few records of such predation events with spider species. The scarcity of data regarding predatory behavior on dung beetles in the Amazon forest underscores the need to assess these interactions to establish their importance in maintaining food webs.

Hister cavifrons Marseul, 1854 (Coleoptera: Histeridae) is a common species in Brazilian territory mostly associated with animal carcasses that has previously been recorded in the Amazon, Atlantic Forest, and Cerrado biomes across several Brazilian states, ranging from the North to the South of the country. The highest number of records is from the state of Paraná, while Santa Catarina has only two records from inland municipalities. This note presents the first record of H. cavifrons on the coast of Santa Catarina specifically in the municipality of Florianópolis and the third for the state. The species was sampled in Biguá [Nannopterum brasilianum (Gmelin, 1789) (Suliformes: Phalacrocoracidae)] carcass, an aquatic bird commonly found along the Santa Catarina coast, marking the first record of this species associated with this animal, during the month of April (autumn season).

Millipedes (Diplopoda) are predominantly detritivores, and reports of carnivory in the group remain rare. Here, we describe a potential case of perimortem predation involving the frog Physalaemus cuvieri Fitzinger, 1826 (Anura, Leptodactylidae) and the millipede Helicogonus princeps (Brölemann, 1902) (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Spirostreptidae) in Brazil. Two adult females of H. princeps were observed tightly coiled around the frog and consuming its tissues over a 20-hour period. Although it was not possible to determine whether the frog was alive at the onset of the interaction, the behavior suggests either opportunistic predation or carrion feeding. This event represents one of the few documented instances of vertebrate consumption by millipedes and highlights the need for further investigation into the trophic ecology of this understudied group.

Mites of the genus Megninia Berlese, 1883 (Sarcoptiformes: Analgidae) are known ectoparasites of birds in intensive production systems, however, their distribution in Brazil remains poorly documented. This study reports the first record of the feather mite Megninia ginglymura (Mégnin, 1877) (Sarcoptiformes: Analgidae) in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. Samples were collected from two farms with different rearing systems: Vertical Automatic, Californian and Cage Free. Monthly surveys were conducted between January and November 2024, totalizing 11 collections. M. ginglymura appears to be prevalent among poultry farms in Brazil; however, limited efforts has been made to mitigate its impacts, primarily due to a lack of targeted research. Baseline studies such as this are essential for guiding future research aimed at characterizing populations in poultry systems and reducing the impacts caused by Megninia mites.

Megaloptera comprises approximately 400 species, of which 25 are recorded in Brazil and belong to Corydalidae and Sialidae. Here, we provide new occurrence records for Corydalus diasi Navás, 1915 (Megaloptera: Corydalidae) in Serra de Itabaiana National Park, Sergipe, where two females and five males were collected using light traps from June 2022 to May 2023. Specimens were identified using morphological analysis. We provide illustrations that will aid in the elucidation of the species and can be used to understand its morphological variation. Originally described in Ceará in 1915, C. diasi is now known to occur in several Brazilian states, expanding its distribution to 2,231,711 km², covering ecotonal areas between the Atlantic Forest and the Caatinga in Northeastern Brazil. We highlight the lack of information on Megaloptera in the Northeast, a region affected by Linnean and Wallacean shortfalls, and emphasize the need for further sampling in ecologically diverse areas to uncover invertebrate diversity and support the development of conservation policies.

Meliponaries are an alternative for the preservation of stingless bee species, in addition to producing raw material for the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry. The presence of invaders that can cause damage to the integrity of productive areas is something that is frequently reported. The same happens in meliponaries, where bees can have many natural enemies, whether vertebrates or invertebrates. Updating new records and management methods are crucial to avoid major losses in production. The aim of this work is to report the first occurrence of the clown beetles, Hololepta (Leionota) reichii (Marseul, 1853) (Insecta: Coleoptera: Histeridae) in meliponaries of the state of Ceará, Brazil, and provide notes on the methods used to control it. A total of 109 individuals (40 females; 69 males) were collected between February and July 2022, placed in alcohol 70%, and subsequently identified. Measures such as the removal of decaying organic materials from nearby the colonies, added to frequent inspection, internal and external cleaning of the hive boxes after infestations, in addition to the elimination of beetles found in the hives, had a positive effect in reducing the records of attacks.

The present study reports the first record of Dryinus garcetei Olmi, 2012 (Hymenoptera, Dryinidae) for Northeast Brazil. This research is very relevant given the scarcity of data regarding the Dryinidae family and the Dryinus Latreille, 1804 genus for this region. Furthermore, illustrations and an updated geographic distribution map of D. garcetei are presented.

Since its detection in Brazil in 1901, the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann, 1824) has continuously extended its occurrence in Brazil. The last Brazilian states in the North region of the country without records of the Mediterranean fruit fly were invaded in the current decade - Acre and Roraima in 2017 and Amapá in 2022 - leaving only the state of Amazonas to complete the spread of the Mediterranean fruit fly in all Brazilian states. In the state of Amazonas, the Mediterranean fruit fly was detected in a mango fruit purchased at a commercial establishment. This record is an alert to phytosanitary agents to establish strategies to monitor the occurrence of this pest in the state. We also discuss the first records of C. capitata in each Brazilian state, establishing the chronological order of these records in Brazil from 1901 to 2024.

The first record of Merocoris (Corynocoris) distinctus Dallas, 1852 (Coreidae: Meropachyinae: Merocorini) for Costa Rica here presented, thereby expanding its geographical distribution. Additionally, a unique case of thanatological behavior in this bug is documented, providing a new contribution to its biological understanding.

Inducible anti-herbivore defenses in plants are predominantly regulated by jasmonic acid (JA). The red spider mite Tetranychus evansi Baker & Pritchard, 1960 (Acari: Tetranychidae) is an invasive pest known for its detrimental impact on tomato plants and other Solanaceae crops. Here, we investigated the extent to which T. evansi and the predatory mite Phytoseiulus longipes Evans, 1968 (Acari: Phytoseiidae) are affected by induced JA-defenses. Initially, we artificially induced the JA-response in tomato plants using exogenous methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and subsequently assessed the effect of JA defenses on spider mite by evaluating mortality and oviposition rates. Our findings revealed a higher mortality and lower oviposition rates on plants treated with MeJA compared to non-treated control plants. Furthermore, we examined the predatory mite's predation rates on spider mite eggs produced on MeJA-treated and non-treated tomato plants. The results showed a reduced predation on T. evansi eggs derived from MeJA-treated plants, indicating a potential negative impact of JA-induced defenses on the predator's performance. Finally, we released five predatory females on T. evansi-infested tomato plants treated and non-treated with MeJA, monitoring the predator population density for three generations. Predator population was not affected, as the abundance of larvae and adults was not significantly different between treatments. These findings underscore the negative impact of JA defenses on herbivores and highlight the trade-off it may pose on natural enemies.