Abstract This article evaluates the effect of silver nanoparticle (SNP), itraconazole, and a combination of the two agents on the adherence of Candida albicans, Streptococcus mutans, and Enterococcus faecalis on acrylic and silicone tissue conditioners Acrylic-based tissue conditioners (ABTCs) and silicon-based tissue conditioners (SBTCs) were treated with SNPs, and their inhibitory effect on biofilm formation was tested against C. albicans, S. mutans, and E. faecalis. The amount of biofilm formed was assessed by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay reader. Analysis of variance tests were used for inter- and intragroup comparison. Tukey post hoc test was used for comparison between the tissue conditioners, microorganisms, and culture medium. Pellets of ABTC and SBTC treated with SNPs were studied for adherence of C. albicans, S. mutans, and E. faecalis. A statistically significant decrease in adherence of all three microbes was observed. SNP and itraconazole are effective antifungal and antibacterial agents that can potentially decrease microbial colonization of C. albicans, S. mutans, and E. faecalis on tissue conditioners. SNP and itraconazole, when used, will decrease biofilm formation, which will not only improve the overall health of the oral cavity but also prevent denture stomatitis and diseases associated with poor oral hygiene protocols.

Abstract Residual ridge resorption (RRR) is considered to be a continuous and highly complex process with a multifactorial etiology. This study aims to assess the rate of mandibular RRR in women with complete edentulism and its correlation with bone density and to investigate the effect of complete denture wearing on RRR.This randomized prospective clinical study included 60 women aged 50 to 80 years old (mean: 63.37 ± 6.32) with complete edentulism. The study groups were divided according to T-score values of DXA scan (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) into two groups: 30 women with low bone density osteoporosis/osteopenia and 30 women with normal bone density. The mandibular ratio index (MRI) measured on panoramic radiography (orthopantomogram [OPG]) 2D using Sidexis SG program is used to investigate the correlation of RRR with vertebral bone mineral density of L1–L4. MRI is categorized into three grades: class I ≥ 2.34; class II 1.67–2.33; and class III ≤ 1.66. Duration of complete edentulism is divided into three periods: 0–5, 5–10, >10 years. All participants received complete dentures. Measurements were evaluated before treatment and 1 year after prosthodontic treatment with complete dentures.The correlation analysis between DXA test values and MRI showed a moderately positive yet insignificant correlation, R = 0.32 (p > 0.05). For each unit increase in T-score value, MRI increases by 0.04 (B = 0.04), a nonsignificant difference at p > 0.05. Patients with edentulous period >10 years have an average of 0.01 mm (B = 0.01) resorption compared with patients with edentulous period of 1 to 10 years, nonsignificant at p > 0.05 (p = 0.97). For each year of increasing age, MRI decreases by 0.0004 mm (B = 0.0004) and is not significant at p >0.05 (p = 0.97). One year after wearing dentures, the value of MRI for Z = 2.52 and p <0.05 (p = 0.01) is significantly higher.There is no significant correlation between osteoporosis and RRR. However, wearing dentures affects the resorption of the residual ridge. Age and duration of edentulism do not have a significant impact on RRR.

Abstract This study aimed to investigate the effects of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) and cocoa bean husk (CBH) remineralization agents for white spot lesions (WSLs) on shear bond strength (SBS) of metallic orthodontic brackets, both in the short and long term.A total of 120 sound premolars were categorized into two main groups based on early and long-term effects (groups A and B, respectively). Each group was subdivided into four subgroups, corresponding to the two tested materials, along with two control groups (positive and negative). Prior to orthodontic bracket bonding, each tooth underwent demineralization followed by remineralization using the two tested materials. SBS was evaluated for groups A and B after 24 hours and 6 months of bonding, respectively, following incubation in an oral-like environment.CBH demonstrated the highest early SBS of 18.5408 (2.191) MPa, which was significantly different from all other groups (p = 0.00, analysis of variance). However, it decreased significantly to 9.070 (0.097) MPa after 6 months (p = 0.00, independent t-test). In contrast, SDF exhibited significantly lower SBS than CBH (Duncan multiple range test), with 8.5550 (0.059) MPa and 8.797 (0.295) MPa at early and after 6 months, respectively, with significant differences between the two tested intervals (p = 0.007, independent t-test). A p-value of ≥ 0.05 was considered nonsignificant.CBH effectively maintained appropriate SBS in both the short-term and long-term by remineralizing WSL associated with orthodontic treatment, despite a slight decline over time. In contrast, SDF treatment resulted in a lower SBS but exhibited greater stability over a longer duration.

Abstract The main aim of this study was to analyze the volume and area of the pharyngeal airway among different sagittal skeletal relationships. The secondary aim was to study the association between the upper airway volume and upper airway cross-sections among the three sagittal skeletal relationships. A retrospective study of 90 cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of patients reporting for dental treatment to University Dental Hospital, Sharjah was conducted. Among the 90 CBCT scans, 30 scans were of patients with class I skeletal pattern, 30 with class II skeletal pattern, and 30 with class III skeletal pattern. The extract airway module of Romexis software 6.2.1 was used for segmentation of the upper airway. The maximum cross-sectional area (MACA), minimum cross-sectional area (MICA), cross-sectional area at the level of the hard palate cross-sectional area (PCA), and cross-sectional area at the level of the epiglottis cross-sectional area (ECA) of the airway way and volume (Vol) were obtained. There was a significant difference in the cross-sectional airway variables (MACA, MICA, ECA) and volume among patients with class I, II, and III skeletal malocclusion (p < 0.001). The PCA did not show any significant difference among the three study groups (p = 0.13). Patients with skeletal class II malocclusion had the lowest cross-sectional airway variables and volume values among all the study groups. The MICA of the airway was a reliable predictor for airway volume.

Abstract Emerging evidence suggests an increased incidence of mechanical complications in natural teeth, particularly maxillary premolars, adjacent to dental implants. This study aimed to investigate and compare the maximum von Mises stress induced in a natural tooth adjacent to either a natural tooth or a dental implant under different occlusal loading and interproximal space conditions.Three-dimensional finite element models of maxillary first and second premolars were generated for both control (two natural teeth) and experimental (first premolar dental implant and natural second premolar) groups to analyze stress levels and distributions. Occlusal forces were applied to the second premolar, and the resulting maximum von Mises stress was compared between groups. The influence of dental implant presence, interproximal space, and occlusal load contact position and direction on the stress level and distribution in the loaded tooth was investigated.Compared with the control group, the experimental group exhibited higher stress levels in the natural second premolar under occlusal forces, although the stress distribution remained similar. The presence of interproximal spaces, either between natural teeth or between a tooth and an implant, exacerbated stress in the loaded teeth due to reduced proximal contact area and increased stress concentration. Additionally, the position and direction of occlusal force contact differentially affected the stress level, although not the stress distribution, within the experimental tooth group.Dental implants increase stress on adjacent natural teeth, particularly when interproximal space exists. Occlusal force direction and position influence stress in loaded natural teeth, whether adjacent to other natural teeth or implants. The results underscore the critical importance of comprehensive patient evaluation, meticulous treatment planning, and consistent maintenance in dental implant restorations to mitigate potential complications affecting adjacent natural teeth.

Abstract Objectives Dental alginate is one of the impression materials used in dentistry to reproduce intra- and extraoral structures. Alginate is a quite affordable and easy-to-use material, but because of its lower tear strength, it still has limitations in terms of accuracy. One way to increase the tear strength of alginate is by adding fillers. Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is an example of an organic filler that can be utilized as an alternative reinforcement that could effectively increase dimensional stability. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the alginate's tear strength following the addition of PMMA as organic fillers. Materials and Methods This experimental research consisted of four group samples. Sample A served as controls, while sample B included treated samples with varying PMMA additions of 3wt% (B1), 5wt% (B2), and 7wt% (B3). Each group had five samples. The tear strength test was conducted according to ISO Standard 21563:2021 using a Universal Testing Machine, which was followed by characterization using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) spectroscopy. Statistical Analysis The tear strength results were then evaluated by One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) following Tukey's test (p < 0.05). Results The tear strength of the control sample (A) was 0.540 N/mm. Meanwhile, the treated samples had tear strengths of 0.612 N/mm (B1), 0.663 N/mm (B2), and 0.596 N/mm (B3). There was a difference between the control and the treated samples that used PMMA fillers (p < 0.05). These results are supported by SEM and FTIR results related to physical closure or blocking of the alginate porous structure and the slight changes in its functional group. Conclusion The addition of PMMA fillers to dental alginate provides reinforcement as the tear strength increases. This could impact the accuracy of the impression especially when the material is quickly removed from the oral structures. Additional investigation may assess the biocompatibility attributes further.

Abstract Hamartomas and choristomas are malformations that often manifest at birth, usually seen as a discrete, localized mass or as multiple masses that resemble a neoplasm, but not a true neoplasm with the exception in choristomas that the cells and tissues are not normally found at that location. Clear etiology and pathogenesis are not found. In addition, the distinguishing features of these masses are not certain. It is essential to differentiate between hamartomas, choristomas, and other oral cavity masses in order to provide proper management. In this study, a new perspective is provided for hamartomas and choristomas of the oral cavity.

Abstract Foreign objects lodged in the mandibular bone often result from trauma or dental procedures. Accurate localization of these foreign objects is crucial for guided surgical removal, especially when patients present with persistent pain. Conventional imaging modalities like periapical and panoramic radiographs may not provide sufficient detail for precise localization. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) has emerged as a valuable tool for guided surgical interventions owing to its superior imaging capabilities. We present two cases of foreign objects lodged in the mandible, where patients complained of prolonged pain, soreness, and numbness in the right mandible extending to the head and behind the ear. Both patients had undergone previous right mandibular tooth extractions and received treatment from a neurologist without resolution of symptoms. Both cases showed the control improvement in complaints, and no paresthesia or postoperative complications were found. CBCT-guided surgical removal was performed in both cases, revealing a metal specimen measuring 6 × 3 × 1 mm3 in the first patient and a remaining root measuring 5 × 3 × 2 mm3 in the second patient. Diagnosing foreign objects in the mandible poses challenges due to their varied size, composition, and proximity to vital structures. CBCT offers superior imaging resolution, enabling precise localization and assessment of anatomical relationships, such as the distance to the inferior alveolar nerve and surrounding boundaries. CBCT emerges as the preferred imaging modality for diagnosing and guiding the surgical removal of foreign objects in the mandible. Its advantages include accurate localization, low radiation exposure, and cost-effectiveness. Compared with CT scans, CBCT also offers faster scanning times, making it a valuable tool in clinical practice for managing such cases

Abstract Objective This study aimed to investigate the effect of hydroxyapatite from snakehead (Channa striata) fish bone on the surface hardness of the enamel of the primary teeth. Materials and Methods Twenty-six primary maxillary incisors were mounted on self-cured acrylic resin, divided into two groups, and demineralized. Remineralization was performed using hydroxyapatite paste synthesized from C. striata fish bone by the precipitation method. The case group was subjected to 15% hydroxyapatite paste and subsequently submerged in artificial saliva, while the control group was only exposed to artificial saliva. Enamel hardness was measured by the Vickers hardness tester after 7 days of treatment. The statistical analysis used in this research was an independent t-test. Results The case group had a surface hardness of 356.192 ± 25.218, and the control group had a surface hardness of 269.686 ± 22.931. Statistical tests showed a significant difference between the case and control groups. Conclusion Hydroxyapatite paste from snakehead (C. striata) fishbone stimulates remineralization of primary teeth, as evidenced by an increase in the enamel surface hardness of the teeth.

Abstract Objective This study is to determine the most dominant risk factors for the potential occurrence of nonsyndromic unilateral cleft lip in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Materials and Methods This is a retrospective study of several hospitals in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. An analysis was performed on the medical records of patients with nonsyndromic unilateral clefts. In the period from January 2018 to December 2022, risk factors include gender, parental education, family history of cleft lip and palate, maternal history of smoking or exposure to secondhand smoke, and consumption of drugs and alcohol during gestational age. The size of the sample is determined using the cluster sampling technique. Statistics uses chi-square test analysis and logistic regression for nominal variables. It uses SPSS Statistics version 25, with a value of p < 0.05. Results The highest risk factor was found in patients with parents with a history of alcohol consumption during pregnancy and in patients with family history of cleft lip and palate, history of smoking or exposure to cigarette smoke, history of drug consumption, and gender. In comparison, parents' education level does not have a significant influence. Conclusion History of alcohol consumption during pregnancy, family history of cleft lip and palate, history of smoking or exposure to cigarette smoke, history of drug consumption, and gender are considered risk factors for nonsyndromic unilateral cleft lip in South Sulawesi, Indonesia.