The use of social media platforms has over the years become a veritable tool for individuals, groups, institutions and corporate bodies for the promotion of health and wellness. In recent times, social media has become one of the most potent agents of the media through which health issues are addressed as well as generated and disseminated to different populations in society. The study was conducted to examine social media use and students’ health lifestyle modification in the University of Calabar, Nigeria. It sought to determine the extent to which students’ use of social media (Facebook, Twitter, and WhatsApp) influences the modification of their health-related lifestyles such as eating habits, sexual behaviour, cigarette and alcohol consumption, drug use and the engagement in fitness activities. The study adopted a randomized descriptive survey design and used a sample of 300 undergraduate students. The questionnaire was the main instrument used for collection of data while simple percentages and means were used to determine the difference between the expected mean of 2.50 and the observed means across various items in the questionnaire. The results showed that apart from Twitter, social media use by University of Calabar students has significantly influenced the modification of their health lifestyles. Since social media has become a veritable tool for the promotion of positive health lifestyle, effort should be made by government through the health sector to create more awareness among students and the entire population of social media users, on the health benefits accruing from use of social media.

One of the main factors influencing the determination of the degree of democratization of a country and its economic development is the transparency of decision-making bodies and its free exercise without being influenced by political factors and other related elements. Transparency is the most important element in the exercise of any activity of any budget institution or economic entity, for the fact that it creates credibility and security for the general public in undertaking new initiatives, as well as offers strong grounds for fair and effective powers of all state institutions. To achieve this goal, a stable state approves in its constitutional and legal acts, the creation of special and independent structures with the sole purpose of controlling the legality and efficiency of the activity of any state body or even of private entities. Such special structures help to create a strong and constitutional power that exercises its core activity through independent bodies in full compliance with the legislation in force. It should be acknowledged that often different subjects or institutions exercise their activity by causing irregularities in conformity with the law and thereby violating openly other legal rights arising from them. For the purpose of avoiding and eliminating these abuses, the legislature has created an independent body of Supreme State Audit which enables the exercise of effective control over any activity of state bodies and institutions. This right which enables the exercise of such control in the legal language shall be considered as an audit process.

The drought regarding a climate forecast Albanian departments have marked the past three months were the result of winter rainfall that was insufficient for replenishing water tables this year and before . We often say that water shortages are not a threat for our country due to plenty water sources . It's possible to think this when we compare our situation to that in other countries. Still , in some regions the availability of water resources is becoming an urgent problem, even more so if we link this to the different scenarios tied to climate change. Each basin has specificities, but some general evolutions should be planned for ,increase in water demand due to the rise in temperatures , causing an increase in the price of water and usage conflicts , change in the amount of the available water resources , changes in the flow of waterways and the aquifer recharge ,decrease in water quality ( meaning a concentration of pollutants and a weakening in self-purification capacities) rise in nitrates in waterways and in aquifers may occur, as well as increased salinity levels ,increase in the vulnerability of certain ecosystems due to the rise in the risk of erosion, flooding and salting. This paper aims to introduce the benefits and challenges of applying at homes or communal buildings of an Eco-innovation , through developing a new inside distribution of wastewater so that it concludes into sustainable development of inside communal water distribution , therefore recycling inside the house . The main objective of the study is to make evident the cost- efficiency importance of these re-distribution systems , and how they affect improvement in water needs sector , highlighting the deficiencies that cause their not fully-efficient re-use of grey inside water and the positive impact on the potable water saving .

The paper gives a didactic insight into the concept of “intercultural academic communication” /IAC/ analyzing its types, forms, structure and bilingual input for the purposes of improving Russian advanced students’ communication skills as intercultural speakers and writers in English-speaking academic settings. On the basis of the 2015-2017 cross-cultural analysis of Russian Master’s Degree - PhD Students’ experiences of intercultural communication it provides a didactically-oriented and competency-based classification of communicative barriers to effective cross-cultural academic communication, describing such of them as linguistic, pragmatic, sociocultural, cognitive and visual communication barriers. The paper argues that the theoretical framework for designing tasks aiming at improving PhD students’ bilingual pluricultural competence to use English as a lingua franca in intercultural academic settings is to be based on L. Vygotsky’s cultural historical theory, A.N Leontiev’s activity theory, A.A. Leontiev’s psychological theory of communication, S. Hall’s theory of cultural factors and contexts and culturally-oriented FLT approaches to developing students’ bilingual academic competences on a multidisciplinary basis. The paper concludes with some recommendations on creating a hierarchical set of multidisciplinary problem-solving tasks and activities specifically designed to help PhD students meet new 21st century challenges of intercultural communication - co-operation, avoiding culture-bound academic pitfalls in today’s extremely complicated world. Among these tasks are those that involve PhD students’ into: a) observing and generalizing the similarities and differences of communicative and/or cognitive academic schemata in Russian and in English; b) classifying communicative barriers between intercultural speakers or writers (incl. English native - non-native speakers); c) interpreting the appropriacy of academic products in a FL from a global intercultural perspective; d) making suggestions for necessary pluricultural academic self-education in order to be able to foresee and/or identify communication barriers and find effective communicative tools to bridge intercultural academic gaps; e) doing thought-provoking case-studies in IAC; f) transforming interculturally inappropriate academic products in a FL into appropriate ones; g) group role-playing of IAC schema modes involving different academic roles that are typical of English-speaking international science co-operation settings; h) doing “Study - Innovate” projects.

This paper is part of the chainwork that deals the syntax study of the dialect of the province of Chameria, a prominent and conservative language of the south of Albania. This study is the second in this regard. Initially, we were dealing with the intonation of Chams and mainly with its syntactic value (Troplini 2016). For the syntax of the of the regional variety of Chameria, there is no previous effort. In this paper, as a basic literature, we have only used our previous works for the Cham in the sociolinguistic framework, where we were dealing with phonetic, morphological, lexical, historical linguistics etc. Our first effort also underlines the first difficulties of this syntactic treatment, as well as the objectives that need to be fulfilled in the perspective, through a deep scientific monograph that will conclude a long-term gap in the study of the cham variety in terms of syntax. The method we used is the inductive one. The work has been based on a qualitative research basis. We are based on a series of direct interviews with elderly speakers of this province who were born mainly in Chameria and subjected to ethnic cleansing. This generation well preserves the most southern and extreme Albanian talk. In this study, we intend to highlight some of the most important phenomena of the Cham variety which will then serve for a deep work in terms of syntax.

0

0

0

An experimental study was conducted to determine the minimum group size for which the mitigating effect for the hot hand and gambler’s fallacies can be felt. This is quantified by looking if groups are as prone to the hot hand and gambler’s fallacies in making decisions as their individual counter parts. Results suggest that groups maximize their investment returns better than individuals as the former choose to decide on their own more and rely on the experts’ opinions less. Triads are the least biased with the hot hand and gambler’s fallacies and thus are able to make more rational decisions and consequently maximize their investments better than the other treatments.These data allowed us to recognize the benefits of forming investment clubs consisting of three members since their decisions are more likely in line with the profit maximizing strategy in comparison with the decisions made by pairs and individuals.