Access to safe clean water and sanitation were pressing concerns for survivors after super Typhoon Haiyan devastated central Philippines in November 2013. Essentially, water problems in the cities of Global South especially in Southeast Asian Archipelagos (Philippines, Indonesia, and Malaysia) plus Myanmar and Thailand are viewed as the consequence of uncontrolled rapid urban development and Climate Change (CC) variations. These facts emphasized the link between water insecurity and its negative economic impact. Thus, an equal and inclusive agenda is developed without which universal access to drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene is not possible. It comprises of conducting gender-sensitive strategic planning workshops and strategic spatial analysis using Geographic Information Systems. It was implemented to Quezon City (QC), Philippines as pilot. The output is an action plan defining 15 Programs, Projects and Activities (PPAs) as solutions for water challenges across five development sectors (Social, Economic, Environmental, Land Use/Infrastructure, and Institutional) in the Philippines context. The appropriate implementation of these PPAs will ensure QC‟s sustainable development, CC-resiliency, and its contribution to the country‟s economic growth. The framework used is flexible and can be fashioned for the other cities in Global South countries and other regions.Keywords: Sustainable Development, Climate Change, Inclusive, Economic, Action Plan

The tendency towards a better life and improvement of life status has always had a priority among human communities. The approach utilized by economics and specifically the growth and economic development activities refers to the improvement of the material dimension. Meanwhile, some countries are rich and some suffer from poverty. Therefore, to recognize basic growth factors and the roots of income inequality among different nations, the role of factors such as institutions, culture, and geography has been emphasized. Natural resources, from among geographical elements, are considered highly important. On the other hand, many communities that exploit a vast amount of natural resources have encountered failure in reflecting appropriate economic performances and this has often had unpleasant outcomes and resource curse has been commonly used to describe this phenomenon. Thus, the goal of the present research is to find out about the nature of resource curse phenomenon and studying different structures that affect natural resources' abundance on economic growth and development. Accordingly, some of the most important effectiveness structures of natural resources have been investigated as: long-term approaches in global prices, price fluctuations, permanent reductions in industry parts, colonialism institutions and eligibility, lack of institutions that strengthen inconsistency and chaos, cyclical nature of Netherlander disease. This study has investigated about 22 advanced countries and 61 underdeveloped and developing countries within the time period between 1996 and 2010. For both countries, we have first used group effects' meaningfulness test to recognize the nature of data (pooled or panel) and Brush-Pagan and Haussmann tests to recognize the difference between fixed and random effects, and then the research model was estimated using fixed effects method. The research findings showed that natural resources abundance, institutions, and interactions between institutions, and natural resources did not have a meaningful effect on average yearly growth rate of GDP. The final conclusion of the different strategies of effectiveness of natural resources does not mean that the need to mineral materials as the wealth necessarily would lead to the lack of the economic and political developments through many of such strategies. In return, it would be better to view the resource abundance as a two sided coin which is endowed with both advantages and risks. As much as it can be exploited for unnecessary expenses, its proper use can lead to lots of benefits. Keywords: abundance of natural resources, resource curse, economic growth, institutions, policies

The paper focuses on the global environmental governance and features of public participation as an integral element of sustainable development. Recently, sustainable development and environmental governance have become interrelated elements of social development. The requirements to strengthen the role of civil society, especially representatives of the public, under the new or reformed system of international environmental governance are important issue of the article. The civil society should play a major role in five key areas: collection and dissemination; policy development consultation; implementation of environmental policy; monitoring and evaluation; promotion of environmental justice. The author defines the features of powers' separation between the actors in international environmental governance, enlightens the question of the public environmental management and its role in environmental decision-making. Thus, determination of the usefulness of the international environmental governance model for the national systems of law is up to date. The research of the peculiarities of the realization of public participation in the international environmental governance is consider to be of the highest relevance, and the development of public environmental management as a distinct element of environmental governance is the issue for the further investigations.

Dependency on oil and gas incomes has urged Algeria to support tourism development as a means of creating other sources of wealth.However, this is not done without environmental damages.Indeed, the insufficient number of host accommodations at the coastal areas has led to chaotic construction projects.Mostaganem is an example.It attracts recently 11 million tourists yearly, although it lacks in host accommodation.To overcome this issue, new tourist infrastructures close to the shoreline and among the coastal dunes have been programed regardless of the Littoral law that protects the coastal strip (300 m).Moreover, the wastewater issue is neither discussed nor solved, in spite of a lack of wastewater treatment plants in this area.This work is based on data collected from the Algerian Government, and the Ministry of Land-use Planning, Tourism, and Handicraft.Shore urbanization endangers the sustainability of the beaches as a socioeconomic resource.Seaside tourism could be developed without any beach urbanization by constructing in the nearby coastal rural municipalities.Tourists would enjoy the beach during the day and would return to their accommodation in the rural municipality.This would benefit economically both the local population and the environment.

The natural WHSs have prominent global value, where they help to preserve and conserve the value of future and current generations. Thus, IUCN, which represents the body of the Committee of World Heritage seeks to manage the risks that threaten these sites and may be destroyed their values. However, there are a large number of disasters that threaten the cultural heritage around the world. These disasters are obtained from human-made or natural hazards. Several disasters have been occurring within different areas and caused severe damage to the intangible and tangible features of WHSs. Within this paper, the key climatic and environmental risks that face the WHSs have been discussed. This problem has been addressed by showing the volume of damages caused by climatic and environmental risks. Further, three ways have been suggested to manage these risks and to preserve the WHSs from their impact. Finally, a summary and solutions for this problem have been given.

The smallholder tea sub-sector which is part of the larger Kenyan tea industry has enjoyed considerable success since its inception in the early 1960s. The planted area under the smallholder system, expanded from 2,522 hectares in 1962 to over 100,000 hectares in 2015; while annual production rose from 1.3 million kgs of green leaf to over 1 billion kgs of green leaf over the same period. Other industrial crops such as coffee, sisal and cotton that previously thrived have struggled to survive under diminished government direct investment in the agricultural sector. The smallholder tea subsector has conversely, managed to endure systemic constraints and challenges to remain competitive. This paper shows that while the relative success of the subsector can be explained by the adoption of modern technologies, there are other relevant factors including policy and institutional that KTDA has embraced to remain competitive. Evidence from the study suggests that innovative institutional arrangements and support systems which have been associated with enhanced farmers earnings. In addition, the participatory governance framework put in place post 2000, innovative approaches to the provision of advisory services and information sharing systems have provided an incentive for smallholder farmers to produce high quality teas that directly translated into better earnings. The presence of participatory governance, innovative and efficient systems that reduce costs and enhance farmers earnings are critical success factors for any smallholder agricultural value chain. Key Words: Institutional innovations, smallholder farmers, farmer organisations, KTDA, Kenya

The principle of subsidiarity on these days is not identified so much as a legal or philosophical concept, but as testing capabilities and possibilities of this principle. Application of the principle of subsidiarity is able to exploit the potential of all collectivity, fully implementing the Constitution. The task of the juridical order must be recognition of the dignity of every person; which should be promoted and evaluated through a legislation based on the principle of subsidiarity. This principle expresses a preference in performing the functions of government at the closest level of citizens. Subsidiarity can be of various types such as horizontal or vertical; positive or negative; static or dynamic; substantive or procedural. In some countries, subsidiarity is specifically defined in their constitutions, while in some other countries is implied. But this principle in the civil law is defined more directly. Subsidiarity does not find the same application in all states and this fact depends not only on each country's traditions but also and in their development.