Breast image data processed by AI algorithms can be applied to various clinical scenarios: screening, feature identification and surveillance. This paper overviews the rapid development of AI in breast imaging in the past decade and discusses the progress of breast imaging and the problems and challenges through the lens of National Natural Science Foundation of China project proposals.

Breast image data processed by AI algorithms can be applied to various clinical scenarios: screening, feature identification and surveillance. This paper overviews the rapid development of AI in breast imaging in the past decade and discusses the progress of breast imaging and the problems and challenges through the lens of National Natural Science Foundation of China project proposals.

Abstract Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is widely used as phase change materials (PCM) due to their versatile working temperature and high latent heat. However, the low molecular weight of PEG prevents from the formation of flexible microfibers, and the common leakage problem associated with solid–liquid PCM further hinders their applications in various fields. To address these challenges, polyethylene oxide (PEO) is incorporated as the supporting matrix for PEG, leading to a successful electrospinning of fibrous mats. Due to the similar chemical nature of both PEG and PEO, the blended composites show great compatibility and produce uniform electrospun fibers. The thermal properties of these fibers are characterized by DSC and TGA, and supercooling for the PEG(1050) component is effectively reduced by 75–85%. The morphology changes before and after leakage test are analyzed by SEM. Tensile and DMA tests show that the presence of PEG(1050) component contributes to plasticization effect, improving mechanical and thermomechanical strength. The ratio of PEO(600K):PEG(1050) at 7:3 affords the optimal performance with good chemical and form‐stability, least shrinkage, and uniformity. These fibrous mats have potential applications in areas of food packaging, flexible wearable devices, or textiles to aid in thermal regulation.

Abstract As implantable medical electronics (IMEs) developed for healthcare monitoring and biomedical therapy are extensively explored and deployed clinically, the demand for non‐invasive implantable biomedical electronics is rapidly surging. Current rigid and bulky implantable microelectronic power sources are prone to immune rejection and incision, or cannot provide enough energy for long‐term use, which greatly limits the development of miniaturized implantable medical devices. Herein, a comprehensive review of the historical development of IMEs and the applicable miniaturized power sources along with their advantages and limitations is given. Despite recent advances in microfabrication techniques, biocompatible materials have facilitated the development of IMEs system toward non‐invasive, ultra‐flexible, bioresorbable, wireless and multifunctional, progress in the development of minimally invasive power sources in implantable systems has remained limited. Here three promising minimally invasive power sources summarized, including energy storage devices (biodegradable primary batteries, rechargeable batteries and supercapacitors), human body energy harvesters (nanogenerators and biofuel cells) and wireless power transfer (far‐field radiofrequency radiation, near‐field wireless power transfer, ultrasonic and photovoltaic power transfer). The energy storage and energy harvesting mechanism, configurational design, material selection, output power and in vivo applications are also discussed. It is expected to give a comprehensive understanding of the minimally invasive power sources driven IMEs system for painless health monitoring and biomedical therapy with long‐term stable functions.

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) could convert mechanical energy from body movement into electrical energy, which could be used to stimulate cells to change their activities and function. This review summarizes recent advances of cellular stimulation and effect with TENGs, such as bone regeneration, skin repairment, wound healing, nerve regeneration, and so on, showing a great therapeutic potential in various diseases.

Carbon monoxide (CO) gas therapy demonstrates great potential to induce cancer cell apoptosis and antitumor immune responses, which exhibits tremendous potential in cancer treatment. However, the therapeutic efficacy of CO therapy is inhibited by the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Herein, a facile strategy is proposed to construct hollow‐structured rough nanoplatforms to boost antitumor immunity and simultaneously reverse immunosuppression by exploring intrinsic immunomodulatory properties and morphological optimization of nanomaterials. The TME‐responsive delivery nanosystems (M‐RMH) are developed by encapsulating the CO prodrug within hollow rough MnO2 nanoparticles and the subsequent surface functionalization with hyaluronic acid (HA). Rough surfaces are designed to facilitate the intrinsic properties of HA‐functionalized MnO2 nanoparticles (RMH) to induce dendritic cell maturation and M1 macrophage polarization by STING pathway activation and hypoxia alleviation through enhanced cellular uptake. After TME‐responsive degradation of RMH, controlled release of CO is triggered at the tumor site for CO therapy to activate antitumor immunity. More importantly, RMH could modulate immunosuppressive TME by hypoxia alleviation. After the combination with aPD‐L1‐mediated checkpoint blockade therapy, robust antitumor immune responses are found to inhibit both primary and distant tumors. This work provides a facile strategy to construct superior delivery nanosystems for enhanced CO/immunotherapy through efficient activation of antitumor immune responses and reversal of immunosuppression.

A biomimetic microglial nanoparticle system (termed [email protected] and represented by fireball) was established for precise microglial delivery of FDA-approved colony stimulation factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) antagonist PLX3397 to attenuate cognitive decline, dysfunctional synaptic plasticity, and pro-inflammatory response caused by microglia activation (represented by dragon) in the hippocampus of Cntnap4 deficiency mice. This work uncovers a new avenue for biomimetic nanoparticle strategy in neurodegenerative diseases intervention.

A biomimetic microglial nanoparticle system (termed [email protected] and represented by fireball) was established for precise microglial delivery of FDA-approved colony stimulation factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) antagonist PLX3397 to attenuate cognitive decline, dysfunctional synaptic plasticity, and pro-inflammatory response caused by microglia activation (represented by dragon) in the hippocampus of Cntnap4 deficiency mice. This work uncovers a new avenue for biomimetic nanoparticle strategy in neurodegenerative diseases intervention.

Nanomaterial-based biosensors offer potential for rapid point-of-care testing or even real-time monitoring performed by the patient themselves to detect viral diseases. Through measuring diverse analyte levels, the results can be transmitted wirelessly into a smartphone app. This review introduces the latest works on nanomaterial-based biosensors for detecting SARS-CoV-2, the root cause of the COVID-19 pandemic, by summarizing the related mechanisms and characteristics.