This study proposes a conceptual framework for an AI -based integrated control system designed to support decision-making in 119 emergency operations centers. The proposed platform links internal operational data with external public APIs (weather, traffic, and underground infrastructure) and organizes modular functions for call intake, dispatch routing, and field response coordination. Scenario-based analysis indicates that integrated visualization and constraint-aware routing can support situational awareness, dispatch decisions, and on-site safety information. This work demonstrates the theoretical viability of the concept rather than providing quantitative validation, and serves as a basis for future simulations and field evaluations.

This study quantitatively analyzed the optical scattering characteristics of fire smoke and nuisance aerosols using a ratio-based analysis method. A light scattering chamber, designed with a size and geometry comparable to those of photoelectric smoke detectors, was developed to measure angular scattering signals. Fire smoke generated by burning filter paper, kerosene, and polyurethane as well as nuisance aerosols, including cooking oil mist, steam, and patty aerosols, were examined. Scattering coefficients were derived from the ratio of the collimated to the total transmittance. At the detector activation threshold, the fire smoke and nuisance aerosols exhibited distinct characteristic levels of, and distribution trends in the scattering coefficients. These results provide quantitative evidence that the use of scattering coefficients enables the number of false alarms to be reduced.

This study investigates the frequent rupture and leakage of military Li/thionyl chloride (Li/SOCl<sub>2</sub>) batteries, a failure mode attributed to elevated internal pressure resulting from a 2004 design modification that incorporates excessive active material. To enhance operational safety, a redesigned cell was developed in which Li and separator contents were each reduced by more than 10%, and the conventional aluminum additive was replaced with gallium. The substitution of gallium mitigated “cathode freeze-over,” thereby improving discharge efficiency without compromising performance. The modified design achieved a 28.6% reduction in internal pressure and extended discharge duration by more than 3 h. Field trials confirmed high user satisfaction with respect to both safety and performance, indicating strong potential for integration into a broad range of weapon systems.

Unlike other crimes, arson is notably characterized by its imitative and serial nature. This study identified key risk factors influencing recidivism among arson offenders by examining their demographic, crime-related, and psychological characteristics. The subscales of the Korea Correction Personality Inventory (KCPI) were used for assessing psychological traits. Delinquency and aggression emerged as the strongest predictors of arson recidivism. This study is significant as it empirically examined the psychological risk factors associated with repeat arson offences, and aims to contribute toward the development of effective prevention and intervention strategies.

This study addresses the necessity of establishing performance test standards for fire extinguishers used in suppressing metal fires, particularly those involving Li and Na. To determine key considerations for designing fire suppression and extinguishment tests for Na metal, a comprehensive review of domestic and international research studies and regulations was conducted. A keyword analysis identified 3 essential terms, i.e., Fire, Sodium, and Pool, along with several subsidiary keywords, forming the basis for a detailed examination of relevant research. Additionally, domestic and international regulatory frameworks were compared and analyzed. Consequently, critical factors such as design fire specifications, class D fire extinguisher requirements, and safety recommendations were identified. Furthermore, an example of a structured design procedure is presented. The findings confirm that the design fire should involve a pool-type liquid Na fire, the required class D fire extinguisher should have a capacity of 13.6 kg, and appropriate pretreatment equipment with personal protective gear should be employed to ensure safety.

In this study, numerical analysis using FDS was conducted to analyze the effect of the opening configuration of the compartment on the formation of the ejected flame and thermal radiation characteristics outside the compartment. After validating the analysis by comparisons with previous experimental results for the 2/5 scaled ISO 9705 standard compartment, numerical calculations were performed by altering the aspect ratio of the opening and the position from the bottom surface. At a fire heat release rate of 341 kW, the flame ejected from the standard-sized opening generated a heat flux that exceeded the critical value of general combustibles on a wall 1 m away. When the width of the opening was reduced to 1/4, the flow of the ejected flame bent toward the upper wall, generating a maximum heat flux that was more than three times higher than that of the standard opening.

This study was conducted to understand the characteristics of wildfire spread according to the processing methods of terrain geometry in the computational domain based on topographic data. The terrain geometry of the computational domain was handled using body-fitted (BF) grids and the cut-cell method (CCM), and the spread of the wildfire was simulated using a level-set model incorporating the heat release rate. The fire spread predicted by the BF grid and CCM showed similar overall trends despite local differences. A simple model was proposed to estimate the perimeter of the fireline based on the calculated heat release rate with fire spread, which showed good agreement with the field results predicted by the level-set method. The cut-cell method can enhance the applicability of wildland fire-spread models due to its ease of handling complex terrain geometry and reasonable agreement with the BF grid.

In this study, an impact assessment of the uncertainty caused by the geometric shape of fuel in fire modeling analysis was conducted, considering various factors. To evaluate the impact, the geometric shape of the fuel was divided into the area of the ignition source and the flame propagation area of the secondary combustible material. The impact on the target cable tray was assessed by selecting a virtual nuclear power plant compartment as the cause of the fire in the simulation. The results indicated that the smaller the area of the ignition source, the greater the damage to the target. In addition, the flame propagation method of the secondary soft materials showed different trends, even in the same ignition area. Therefore, this tendency should be considered in fire modeling analysis.

This paper presents an experimental study aimed at developing effective management strategies for smoke detectors under various environmental conditions. Through surveys and expert consultations, the primary causes of unwanted fire alarms were identified, and scenarios involving humidity, cooking smoke, and dust were selected for re-enactment experiments. The study investigated the operational changes in smoke detectors under varying humidity levels and conducted tests under both normal and humid indoor conditions for cooking smoke. Additional experiments were performed on smoke detectors coated with dust to observe their performance under different humidity and smoke conditions. As a result, it was found that the response time of smoke detectors varied depending on the level of moisture present, the amount of smoke generated, and the accumulation of dust. In conclusion, the study experimentally confirmed that smoke detectors should not be installed in areas exposed to high humidity and highlighted the importance of regular inspection and cleaning to minimize unwanted fire alarms.

In this study, a numerical analysis was conducted to derive the optimal installation conditions for flame-spread barriers within racks, to reduce the damage caused by recurrent fire accidents in logistics facilities. The effectiveness of the fire extinguishing system according to domestic regulations was reviewed to ensure the feasibility of installation of the horizontal barrier. This review revealed that sprinkler systems were ineffective in delaying or preventing the initial spread of fire under certain fire conditions, confirming the need for horizontal barriers. Furthermore, although the installation of horizontal barriers was effective in delaying the initial fire spread, it led to an increase in fire size by blocking the extinguishing water and altering the fire spread path. It was confirmed that deriving the optimal installation conditions for barriers requires the consideration of the interactions between the in-rack sprinkler heads and the surrounding fire extinguishing systems.